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Yu S, Cai C, Wang Y, Sheng C, Jiang K. Quantification of phytic acid in baby foods by derivatization with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9194. [PMID: 34498325 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phytic acid (PA) is both a naturally occurring nutrient and a widely used food additive for conferring antioxidant properties to food. PA can be found in baby foods and it is essential to monitor PA content due to its anti-nutritional properties when present in excess. Current methods for determining PA content are unsatisfactory because interference from inositol phosphates and inorganic phosphates complicates PA quantification. METHODS Baby foods were extracted using aqueous HCl, and the extractant was subjected to derivatization with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane after de-metalation using a cation exchange resin. The PA derivative was quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with a multi-response monitoring mode (m/z 829 to 451). RESULTS The linearity of the developed analytical method ranged from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for PA with R2 > 0.999. Reasonable reproducibility was obtained with an intraday relative standard deviation (RSD; N = 5) of 4.5% and an interday RSD (N = 5) of 5.7% at a concentration of 10 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to determine PA content in various baby foods, with PA recovery between 90.6% and 119.8%. CONCLUSIONS A robust and sensitive method for the determination of PA in baby foods has been developed by methyl esterification with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and using LC/MS/MS analysis. The established method showed good anti-interference and precision, and it has been applied for the determination of PA in various baby foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunqi Sheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Yu S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Sheng C, Zhang H, Jiang K. Determination of phytic acid in wheat products by complete methyl esterification and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2856-2861. [PMID: 33973713 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phytic acid, the principal storage form of phosphorus in wheat, plays both beneficial and antinutrient functions for human being, and its analytical method still needs further development. In this work, we have developed a new method for the determination of phytic acid in wheat products based on derivatization with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Methyl esterification greatly decreased the polarity and the acidity of phytic acid, and thus the corresponding derivative can be easily analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry under common conditions. Furthermore, treatment with cation exchange resin removed the polyvalent metal ions in the solutions, and thus derivatization of phytic acid can be achieved efficiently and completely. The standard curve for phytic acid has been well established in the linear range of 0.5-100 ng/mL with squared correlation coefficient more than 0.999 and the quantification limit of 0.25 ng/mL. The phytic acid content varies greatly in different wheat products, ranging from 153.5 to 17299.0 μg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunqi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Barron C, Holopainen-Mantila U, Sahlstrom S, Hotekjolen AK, Lullien-Pellerin V. Assessment of biochemical markers identified in wheat for monitoring barley grain tissue. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Cai S, Han Z, Huang Y, Chen ZH, Zhang G, Dai F. Genetic Diversity of Individual Phenolic Acids in Barley and Their Correlation with Barley Malt Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7051-7. [PMID: 26173650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids have been quite extensively studied in food science research because of their antioxidative effect. In this study, the genotypic difference and genetic control of phenolic acids, and their correlation with malt quality, were investigated in barley. Ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) were identified as two main phenolic acids, showing wide variations among 68 barley genotypes. The mean content of FA and p-CA were 2.15 μg g(-1) and 1.10 μg g(-1) in grains and 4.07 μg g(-1) and 1.44 μg g(-1) in malt, respectively. After malting, FA and p-CA were increased significantly in 55 and 37 genotypes and were reduced in 2 and 14 genotypes, respectively. Both malt FA and p-CA were positively correlated with soluble N content and Kolbach index and negatively correlated with malt extract and viscosity. The results indicated that the effect of malting on the change of an individual phenolic acid is genotype independent. Association mapping identified that 8 markers on Chromosomes 1H, 2H, 4H, and 7H are associated with grain p-CA and 4 markers on Chromosomes 3H and 7H are linked with grain FA. However, only a single marker on Chromosome 3H was found to be associated with malt FA. Moreover, a lack of overlapping markers between grain and malt indicated the genetic diversity of phenolic acids in barley grain and malt. Our results strengthen the understanding of phenolic acids in barley and their responses to the malting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguan Cai
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhigang Han
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang X, Zhang X, Cai S, Ye L, Zhou M, Chen Z, Zhang G, Dai F. Genetic diversity and QTL mapping of thermostability of limit dextrinase in barley. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3778-3783. [PMID: 25816850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Limit dextrinase (LD) is an essential amylolytic enzyme for the complete degradation of starch, and it is closely associated with malt quality. A survey of 51 cultivated barley and 40 Tibetan wild barley genotypes showed a wide genetic diversity of LD activity and LD thermostability. Compared with cultivated barley, Tibetan wild barley showed lower LD activity and higher LD thermostability. A doubled haploid population composed of 496 DArT and 28 microsatellite markers was used for mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). Parental line Yerong showed low LD activity and high LD thermostability, but Franklin exhibited high LD activity and low LD thermostability. Three QTLs associated with thermostable LD were identified. The major QTL is close to the LD gene on chromosome 7H. The two minor QTLs colocalized with previously reported QTLs determining malt-extract and diastatic power on chromosomes 1H and 2H, respectively. These QTLs may be useful for a better understanding of the genetic control of LD activity and LD thermostability in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- †Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- †Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengguan Cai
- †Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- †Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- §Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- ‡School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- †Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Dai
- †Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13403-8. [PMID: 25197090 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414335111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestication of cultivated barley has been used as a model system for studying the origins and early spread of agrarian culture. Our previous results indicated that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. Here we reveal multiple origins of domesticated barley using transcriptome profiling of cultivated and wild-barley genotypes. Approximately 48-Gb of clean transcript sequences in 12 Hordeum spontaneum and 9 Hordeum vulgare accessions were generated. We reported 12,530 de novo assembled transcripts in all of the 21 samples. Population structure analysis showed that Tibetan hulless barley (qingke) might have existed in the early stage of domestication. Based on the large number of unique genomic regions showing the similarity between cultivated and wild-barley groups, we propose that the genomic origin of modern cultivated barley is derived from wild-barley genotypes in the Fertile Crescent (mainly in chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 3H) and Tibet (mainly in chromosomes 4H, 5H, 6H, and 7H). This study indicates that the domestication of barley may have occurred over time in geographically distinct regions.
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Sanz-Penella JM, Frontela C, Ros G, Martinez C, Monedero V, Haros M. Application of bifidobacterial phytases in infant cereals: effect on phytate contents and mineral dialyzability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11787-11792. [PMID: 23151205 DOI: 10.1021/jf3034013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytase activity was recently described in probiotic bifidobacterial strains, opening the possibilities for their use in foods, due to the generally regarded as safe/qualified presumption of safety status of these bacteria. Two raw materials for infant cereals (multicereal and gluten-free) were examined by measuring the myo-inositol phosphates content and the in vitro Ca, Fe, and Zn availability after a dephytinization process with purified phytases from Bifidobacterium longum spp. infantis and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Treatment with both enzymes reduced the contents of phytate as compared to control samples (untreated or treated with fungal phytase) and led to increased levels of myo-inositol triphosphate. Dephytinization followed by an in vitro model of intestinal digestion increased the solubility of Zn. However, phytase treatment did not increase significantly the mineral dialyzability as compared to untreated samples. This is the first example of the application of purified bifidobacterial phytases in food processing and shows the potential of these enzymes to be used in products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mario Sanz-Penella
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna-Valencia, Spain
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Holme IB, Dionisio G, Brinch-Pedersen H, Wendt T, Madsen CK, Vincze E, Holm PB. Cisgenic barley with improved phytase activity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:237-47. [PMID: 21955685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cisgenesis concept implies that plants are transformed only with their own genetic materials or genetic materials from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization. Furthermore, foreign sequences such as selection genes and vector-backbone sequences should be absent. We used a barley phytase gene (HvPAPhy_a) expressed during grain filling to evaluate the cisgenesis concept in barley. The marker gene elimination method was used to obtain marker-free plant lines. Here, the gene of interest and the selection gene are flanked by their own T-DNA borders to allow unlinked integration of the two genes. We analysed the transformants for co-transformation efficiency, increased phytase activities in the grain, integration of the kanamycin resistance gene of the vector-backbone and segregation between the HvPAPhy_a insert and the hygromycin resistance gene. The frequencies of the four parameters imply that it should be possible to select 11 potentially cisgenic T(1) -lines out of the 72 T(0) -lines obtained, indicating that the generation of cisgenic barley is possible at reasonable frequencies with present methods. We selected two potential cisgenic lines with a single extra copy of the HvPAPhy_a insert for further analysis. Seeds from plants homozygous for the insert showed 2.6- and 2.8-fold increases in phytase activities and the activity levels were stable over the three generations analysed. In one of the selected lines, the flanking sequences from both the left and right T-DNA borders were analysed. These sequences confirmed the absence of truncated vector-backbone sequences linked to the borders. The described line should therefore be classified as cisgenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger B Holme
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
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Wu D, Qiu L, Xu L, Ye L, Chen M, Sun D, Chen Z, Zhang H, Jin X, Dai F, Zhang G. Genetic variation of HvCBF genes and their association with salinity tolerance in Tibetan annual wild barley. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22938. [PMID: 21829562 PMCID: PMC3145780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of both the genetic variation and the identification of salinity tolerant accessions of Tibetan annual wild barley (hereafter referred to as Tibetan barley) (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. Spontaneum and H. vulgare L. ssp. agriocrithum) are essential for discovering and exploiting novel alleles involved in salinity tolerance. In this study, we examined tissue dry biomass and the Na+ and K+ contents of 188 Tibetan barley accessions in response to salt stress. We investigated the genetic variation of transcription factors HvCBF1, HvCBF3 and HvCBF4 within these accessions, conducting association analysis between these three genes and the respective genotypic salt tolerance. Salt stress significantly reduced shoot and root dry weight by 27.6% to 73.1% in the Tibetan barley lines. HvCBF1, HvCBF3 and HvCBF4 showed diverse sequence variation in amplicon as evident by the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3, 8 and 13 haplotypes, respectively. Furthermore, the decay of Linkage disequilibrium (LD) of chromosome 5 was 8.9 cM (r2<0.1). Marker bpb-4891 and haplotype 13 (Ps 610) of the HvCBF4 gene were significantly (P<0.05) and highly significantly (P<0.001) associated with salt tolerance. However, HvCBF1 and HvCBF3 genes were not associated with salinity tolerance. The accessions from haplotype 13 of the HvCBF4 gene showed high salinity tolerance, maintaining significantly lower Na+/K+ ratios and higher dry weight. It is thus proposed that these Tibetan barley accessions could be of value for enhancing salinity tolerance in cultivated barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Wu
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Qiu
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxian Chen
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- Centre for Plants and Environment, School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Ye L, Dai F, Qiu L, Sun D, Zhang G. Allelic diversity of a beer haze active protein gene in cultivated and Tibetan wild barley and development of allelic specific markers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7218-7223. [PMID: 21608526 DOI: 10.1021/jf200419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The formation of haze is a serious quality problem in beer production. It has been shown that the use of silica elute (SE)-ve malt (absence of molecular weight (MW) ∼14000 Da) for brewing can improve haze stability in the resultant beer, and the protein was identified as a barley trypsin inhibitor of the chloroform/methanol type (BTI-CMe). The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the allelic diversity of the gene controlling BTI-CMe in cultivated and Tibetan wild barley and (2) allele-specific (AS) markers for screening SE protein type. A survey of 172 Tibetan annual wild barley accessions and 71 cultivated barley genotypes was conducted, and 104 wild accessions and 35 cultivated genotypes were identified as SE+ve and 68 wild accessions and 36 cultivated genotypes as SE-ve. The allelic diversity of the gene controlling BTI-CMe was investigated by cloning, alignment, and association analysis. It was found that there were significant differences between the SE+ve and SE-ve types in single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 234 (SNP(234)), SNP(313), and SNP(385.) Furthermore, two sets of AS markers were developed to screen SE protein type based on SNP(313). AS-PCR had results very similar to those obtained by immunoblot method. Mapping analysis showed that the gene controlling the MW∼14 kDa band was located on the short arm of chromosome 3H, at the position of marker BPB-0527 (33.302 cM) in the Franklin/Yerong DH population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhen Ye
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
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Dai F, Qiu L, Ye L, Wu D, Zhou M, Zhang G. Identification of a phytase gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLoS One 2011; 6:e18829. [PMID: 21533044 PMCID: PMC3080886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous phytase plays a crucial role in phytate degradation and is thus closely related to nutrient efficiency in barley products. The understanding of genetic information of phytase in barley can provide a useful tool for breeding new barley varieties with high phytase activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytase activity was conducted using a doubled haploid population. Phytase protein was purified and identified by the LC-ESI MS/MS Shotgun method. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene was sequenced and the position was compared with the QTL controlling phytase activity. A major QTL for phytase activity was mapped to chromosome 5 H in barley. The gene controlling phytase activity in the region was named as mqPhy. The gene HvPAP a was mapped to the same position as mqPhy, supporting the colinearity between HvPAP a and mqPhy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It is the first report on QTLs for phytase activity and the results showed that HvPAP a, which shares a same position with the QTL, is a major phytase gene in barley grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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