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Das M, Gurusiddaiah SK. Ergosterol fraction from Agaricus bisporus modulates adipogenesis and skeletal glucose uptake in high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Life Sci 2023; 315:121337. [PMID: 36592786 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to optimize a method of extracting ergosterol rich concentrate (ECF) and to evaluate its significant impact on adipogenesis and associated complications in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. METHODS A comparative analysis (soxhlet and ultra sound assisted extraction) was done to obtain the highest yield of ergosterol from Agaricus bisporus. The ECF was evaluated for the biological effect on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in-vitro and in male C57BL/6 mice model in-vivo. KEY FINDINGS Ultra sound assisted extraction method using the solvent n-hexane resulted in highest ergosterol yield. ECF treatment significantly reduced the differentiation and lipid accumulation in pre-adipocyte cells without any cytotoxicity. In-vivo study illustrated beneficial impact on cholesterol metabolism by down regulating the hepatic gene expression of LXR-α, HMG-CoR and up-regulating LDL-R expression. Significant increase in fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids have also been observed among the ECF treated animals compared to high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. ECF had an anti-adipogenic activity in-vivo mainly by inhibiting the activity of PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α and SREBP-1c. The results also depicted the improvement of obesity associated insulin resistance by ECF treatment manly via decrease in plasma resistin and up-regulation in skeletal GLUT4 protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our study illustrated diverse activity of ECF in the therapeutic management of obesity associated metabolic complications mainly by reducing adipogenesis and improving glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in conjunction with improved cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Das
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Gurusiddaiah
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Chang M, Zhang T, Feng W, Wang T, Liu R, Jin Q, Wang X. Preparation of highly pure stigmasteryl oleate by enzymatic esterification of stigmasterol enriched from soybean phytosterols. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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He WS, Li L, Rui J, Li J, Sun Y, Cui D, Xu B. Tomato seed oil attenuates hyperlipidemia and modulates gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:4275-4290. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TSO can significantly improve fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, thereby inhibiting obesity and hypercholesterolemia. TSO can favorably modulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jiaxin Rui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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4
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He WS, Cui D, Li L, Rui J, Tong LT. Plasma triacylglycerol-reducing activity of ergosterol linolenate is associated with inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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5
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He WS, Li L, Wang H, Rui J, Cui D. Synthesis and cholesterol-reducing potential of water-soluble phytosterol derivative. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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6
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Cholesterol-reducing effect of ergosterol is modulated via inhibition of cholesterol absorption and promotion of cholesterol excretion. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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7
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Highly effective solvent free esterification of phytosterols employing edible metal oxide-emulsifier as catalyst. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 213:118-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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He WS, Li LL, Huang QJ, Yin J, Cao XC. Highly efficient synthesis of phytosterol linolenate in the presence of Bronsted acidic ionic liquid. Food Chem 2018; 263:1-7. [PMID: 29784293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are effective in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, phytosterols in a free form have some disadvantages because they have a high melting point and a poor oil solubility, thereby limiting their practical application in foods. The present study was to establish a green and highly efficient method to synthesize phytosterol linolenate for the first time by employing Bronsted acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a catalyst in order to improve its oil solubility. The product was separated, analyzed and subsequently characterized using thin layer chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The conversion of phytosterols could reach above 96% in a very short time (30 min) under the following optimum conditions: 3% 1-butylsulfonate-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BSO3HMim]OTf) as a catalyst, 110 °C and 1:1.75 M ratio of phytosterols to ethyl linolenate. The present method demonstrated that [BSO3HMim]OTf would be a potential catalyst for phytosterol ester synthesis. Most importantly was that the oil solubility of phytosterol linolenate was much greater than its corresponding free phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), China.
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Chen Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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9
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He WS, Wang HH, Jing ZM, Cui DD, Zhu JQ, Li ZJ, Ma HL. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Hydrophilic Phytosterol Derivatives Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhang-Mu Jing
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Zheng-Jian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Hai-Le Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road; Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
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10
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He WS, Pan RR, Li LL, Cui DD, Wang HH, Mao GH, Chen XQ. Combined Lowering Effect of Phytosterol Esters and Tea Extracts on Lipid Profiles in SD Rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Rui-Rong Pan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Guang-Hua Mao
- School of the environment and safety engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology
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11
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Corrêa RC, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Ferreira IC. The emerging use of mycosterols in food industry along with the current trend of extended use of bioactive phytosterols. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Yamashita M, Kumazoe M, Nakamura Y, Won YS, Bae J, Yamashita S, Tachibana H. The Combination of Green Tea Extract and Eriodictyol Inhibited High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Cholesterol Upregulation Is Accompanied by Suppression of Cholesterol Synthesis Enzymes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:249-256. [PMID: 27725410 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Western diets induce obesity associated with an increased risk of hypercholesterolaemia. Indeed, obesity-induced hypercholesterolaemia is correlated with increased coronary cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HF/HS), HF/HS with green tea extract powder diet (HF/HS+GT), HF/HS with eriodictyol diet (HF/HS+Eri), or HF/HS with green tea extract powder and eriodictyol diet (HF/HS+GT+Eri) for 8 wk. Body weight was lower in the HF/HS+GT+Eri group than in the HF/HS group (-8.3%, p<0.01). The HF/HS diet elicited an upregulation of total cholesterol levels (-63%, p<0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (-89%, p<0.001) were significantly suppressed by the GT+Eri diet. Conversely, no change (p>0.05) was observed in the HF/HS+GT and HF/HS+Eri groups. The HF/HS diet-induced hepatic mRNA increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was ameliorated (-73%) by the oral administration of green tea extract and eriodictyol. Moreover, the GT+Eri diet suppressed HF/HS diet-induced upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS) (-75%, p<0.05). Furthermore, the LDL receptor (LDLR) levels were higher in the HF/HS+GT+Eri group (+50%, p<0.05) than in the HF/HS group. These results suggest that a combination of green tea and eriodictyol decreases cholesterol levels, particularly LDL levels, accompanied by the suppression of HMGCR and HMGCS levels and upregulation of LDLR levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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13
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Zhu R, Hou Y, Sun Y, Li T, Fan J, Chen G, Wei J. Pectin Penta-Oligogalacturonide Suppresses Intestinal Bile Acids Absorption and Downregulates the FXR-FGF15 Axis in High-Cholesterol Fed Mice. Lipids 2017; 52:489-498. [PMID: 28474246 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Haw pectin penta-oligogalacturonide (HPPS), purified from the hydrolysates of haw pectin, has important role in decreasing hepatic cholesterol accumulation and promoting bile acids (BA) excretion in the feces of mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). However, the mechanism is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of HPPS on BA reabsorption in ileum and biosynthesis in liver of mice. Results showed that HPPS increased fecal BA output by approximately 110%, but decreased ileal BA and the total BA pool size by approximately 47 and 36%, respectively, compared to HCD. Studies of molecular mechanism revealed that HPPS significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the small intestine of mice and inactivated the fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR-FGF15) axis, which increased the mRNA and protein levels of CYP7A1 by approximately 204 and 104%, respectively, compared to HCD. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein levels of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in the small intestine were approximately 128 and 73% higher in HPPS-fed mice than those in HCD-fed mice, respectively. However, no significant difference was detected for ASBT expression between HCD group and BA sequestrant cholestyramine group. These findings indicate that HPPS can suppress intestinal BA reabsorption and promoting hepatic BA biosynthesis. We speculated that HPPS could be ASBT competitive inhibitor rather than BA sequestrant in inhibiting BA reabsorption in ileum and improving cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Zhu
- Department of Food Science, College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Food Bioprocessing, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Food Bioprocessing and Quality Control, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Yuting Hou
- Department of Food Science, College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Food Bioprocessing, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Food Bioprocessing and Quality Control, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Food Bioprocessing, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Food Bioprocessing and Quality Control, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Tuoping Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jungang Fan
- Forestry Biotechnology and Analysis Test Center, Liaoning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Forestry Biotechnology and Analysis Test Center, Liaoning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Junxiu Wei
- Electrical Engineering and Automation, College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110032, China
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14
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He WS, Cui DD, Zhang YL, Liu Y, Yin J, Chen G, Jia CS, Feng B. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Phytosterol Linolenate Catalyzed by Candida Rugosa Lipase through Transesterification. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Yi-Lu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Ji Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Cheng-Sheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
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15
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He WS, Hu D, Wang Y, Chen XY, Jia CS, Ma HL, Feng B. A novel chemo-enzymatic synthesis of hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives. Food Chem 2016; 192:557-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Chen Z, Liu J, Fu Z, Ye C, Zhang R, Song Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Ying H, Liu H. 24(S)-Saringosterol from edible marine seaweed Sargassum fusiforme is a novel selective LXRβ agonist. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6130-7. [PMID: 24927286 DOI: 10.1021/jf500083r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytosterols have been successfully used for lowering cholesterol levels, which correlates with the fact that some phytosterols are able to act as liver X receptor (LXR) agonists. Sargassum fusiforme is an edible marine seaweed well-known for its antiatherosclerotic function in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, seven phytosterols including fucosterol (1), saringosterol (2), 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (3), 29-hydroperoxy-stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (4), 24-methylene-cholesterol (5), 24-keto-cholesterol (6), and 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (7) were purified and evaluated for their actions on LXR-mediated transcription using a reporter assay. Among these phytosterols, 2 was the most potent compound in stimulating the transcriptional activities of LXRα by (3.81±0.15)-fold and LXRβ by (14.40±1.10)-fold, respectively. Two epimers of 2, 24(S)-saringosterol (2a) and 24(R)-saringosterol (2b), were subsequently separated by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Interestingly, 2a was more potent than 2b in LXRβ-mediated transactivation ((3.50±0.17)-fold vs (1.63±0.12)-fold) compared with control. Consistently, 2a induced higher expression levels of LXR target genes including key players in reverse cholesterol transport in six cell lines. These data along with molecular modeling suggested that 2a acts as a selective LXRβ agonist and is a potent natural cholesterol-lowering agent. This study also demonstrated that phytosterols in S. fusiforme contributed to the well-known antiatherosclerotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute of Marine Food and Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
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17
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Guo CF, Li JY. A combination of Tween 80 with CaCl2 enhances the hypocholesterolemic activity of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus casei F0422 in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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18
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Miao M, Liu H, Jiang B, Yang C, Xia X, Zhang T. Enzyme-catalysed synthesis of plant steryl laurate in non-aqueous media using salt hydrate pairs and its characterisation. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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He WS, Wang MG, Pan XX, Li JJ, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Feng B. Role of plant stanol derivatives in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in mice. Food Chem 2013; 140:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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He WS, Ma Y, Pan XX, Li JJ, Wang MG, Yang YB, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Feng B. Efficient solvent-free synthesis of phytostanyl esters in the presence of acid-surfactant-combined catalyst. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9763-9769. [PMID: 22920263 DOI: 10.1021/jf302958g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach based on the synthesis of phytostanyl esters with an acid-surfactant-combined catalyst in a solvent-free system was developed. The effect of catalyst dose, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature, and acyl donor was considered. The reaction conditions were further optimized by response surface methodology, and a high yield of phytostanyl laurate (>92%) was obtained under optimum conditions: 3.17:1 molar ratio of lauric acid to plant stanols, 4.01% catalyst dose (w/w), 119 °C, and 4.1 h. FT-IR, MS, and NMR were adopted to confirm the chemical structure of phytostanyl laurate. Meanwhile, the physiochemical properties of different phytostanyl esters were investigated. Compared with phytostanols, the prepared phytostanyl esters had much lower melting temperature and higher oil solubility. There was no obvious difference in melting and solidification properties between sunflower oil with phytostanyl laurate (<5%) or oleate (<10%) and the original sunflower oil, suggesting that the esterification of phytostanols greatly facilitated their corporation into oil-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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He WS, Li JJ, Pan XX, Zhou Y, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Feng B. Lipase-mediated synthesis of water-soluble plant stanol derivatives in tert-butanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:1-5. [PMID: 22464062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of solvents with different log P values, and of lipases on the synthesis of water-soluble plant stanol derivatives were investigated. Results showed that conversion in solvents with log P<0.37 was mainly controlled by the hydrophobicity of the solvent and subsequent complete or partial deactivation of the enzyme. The solubility of substrate was the leading factor for the conversion in solvents with log P>0.37. Lipozyme RM IM and tert-butanol was the most suitable biocatalyst and solvent, respectively. The highest yield (>51%) of plant stanyl sorbitol succinate was obtained under the selected conditions: 50 μmol/mL plant stanyl hemisuccinate, 1:3 molar ratio of plant stanyl hemisuccinate to d-sorbitol, 80 mg/mL 3 Å molecular sieves and 100mg/mL Lipozyme RM IM in tert-butanol, 150 r/min and 55 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were adopted to determine the structure of product, suggesting that water-soluble plant stanol derivatives were successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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