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Shi L, Tianqi F, Zhang C, Deng X, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wang L. High-protein compound yogurt with quinoa improved clinical features and metabolism of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5309-5327. [PMID: 37474360 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may be influenced by nutritional supplementation. Quinoa, a type of pseudocereal, has gained prominence due to its high nutritional value and diverse applications. This study aimed to determine whether yogurt containing quinoa can ameliorate NAFLD and alleviate metabolic disorders by protecting against the divergence of gut microbiota. Our findings suggested that quinoa yogurt could significantly reduce the body weight gain and fat tissue weight of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. In addition, quinoa yogurt significantly reduced liver steatosis and enhanced glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Additional research indicates that quinoa yogurt can reduce the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inhibit endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. The characteristics of the gut microbiota were then determined by analyzing 16S rRNA. In addition, we discovered that the gut microbiota was disturbed by HFD consumption. Particularly, intestinal probiotics and beneficial intestinal secretions were increased, leading to the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the colon, contributing to NAFLD. Furthermore, endotoxemia and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice were restored to the level of control mice when they were fed yogurt and quinoa. Therefore, yogurt containing quinoa can effectively alleviate NAFLD symptoms and may exert its effects via microbiome-gut-liver axis mechanisms. According to some research, the role of the enteric-liver axis may also influence metabolic disorders to reduce the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fang Tianqi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Wang SP, Yeh YT, Sridhar K, Tsai PJ. Effect of stress on germination of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) sprouts: a natural alternative to enhance the betacyanin and phenolic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4561-4569. [PMID: 35137423 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germination is regarded as a natural method for improving the bioavailability of seed nutrients against stress, which enhances the accumulation of bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to determine the effect of stress (H2 O2 , catechin, gallic acid, tyrosine, and NaCl) during germination of djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) sprouts on betacyanin, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacities. RESULTS The betacyanin and antioxidant activities of the djulis sprouts increased significantly compared to seeds. The lowest betacyanin was found in NaCl-stressed sprouts. The djulis sprouts reported the presence of celosianins I and II (50.72%), which was absent in seeds. Hydroxycinnamic acids accounted for > 60% of the total phenolic compounds in sprouts, whereas rutin predominated in the seeds. CONCLUSION Germination under stress may represent an effective natural method for improving the bioactive potential of sprouts, an alternative to use seeds, in the development of bioactive compounds-enriched healthy foods that are good for public health. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ping Wang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tyng Yeh
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- UMR1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf, INRAE, L'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | - Pi-Jen Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
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Jarvis DE, Sproul JS, Navarro-Domínguez B, Krak K, Jaggi K, Huang YF, Huang TY, Lin TC, Jellen EN, Jeff Maughan P. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the hexaploid Taiwanese goosefoot 'djulis' (Chenopodium formosanum). Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6650271. [PMID: 35881674 PMCID: PMC9356728 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a crop grown since antiquity in Taiwan. It is a BCD-genome hexaploid (2n = 6x = 54) domesticated form of lambsquarters (C. album L.) and a relative of the allotetraploid (AABB) C. quinoa. As with quinoa, djulis seed contains a complete protein profile and many nutritionally important vitamins and minerals. While still sold locally in Taiwanese markets, its traditional culinary uses are being lost as diets of younger generations change. Moreover, indigenous Taiwanese peoples who have long safeguarded djulis are losing their traditional farmlands. We used PacBio sequencing and Hi-C-based scaffolding to produce a chromosome-scale, reference-quality assembly of djulis. The final genome assembly spans 1.63 Gb in 798 scaffolds, with 97.8% of the sequence contained in 27 scaffolds representing the nine haploid chromosomes of each sub-genome of the species. BUSCO results indicated that 98.5% of the conserved orthologous genes for Viridiplantae are complete within the assembled genome, with 92.9% duplicated, as expected for a polyploid. A total of 67.8% of the assembly is repetitive, with the most common repeat being Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons, which had significantly expanded in the B sub-genome. Gene annotation using Iso-Seq data from multiple tissues identified 75,056 putative gene models. Comparisons to quinoa showed strong patterns of synteny which allowed for the identification of homoeologous chromosomes, and sub-genome-specific sequences were used to assign homoeologs to each sub-genome. These results represent the first hexaploid genome assembly and the first assemblies of the C and D genomes of the Chenopodioideae subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Jarvis
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - John S Sproul
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | | | - Karol Krak
- Department of Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kate Jaggi
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Yung Fen Huang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Yun Huang
- Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Che Lin
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Eric N Jellen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - P Jeff Maughan
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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Ker YB, Wu HL, Chen KC, Peng RY. Nutrient composition of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. bran: Fractionation and bioactivity of its soluble active polysaccharides. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13459. [PMID: 35637713 PMCID: PMC9147384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. Amaranthaceae-also known as Djulis or red quinoa (RQ)-is a cereal plant indigenous to Taiwan, known for its high nutrient value. However, its bran is considered a waste product and the nutrient value has never been analyzed. Methods In this study, we examined the proximate composition of RQ bran, specifically its soluble polysaccharide fractions. Results RQ bran exhibited high contents of protein (16.56%), ash (7.10%), carbohydrate (60.45%), total polyphenolics (1.85%), betaxanthin (9.91 mg/100 g of RQ bran), and indicaxanthin (7.27 mg/100 g of RQ bran). Specifically, it was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 39.24%)-with an n-6/n-3 and PUFA/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio of 18.137 and 0.743, respectively. Four soluble polysaccharide fractions were also obtained: CF-1, CF-2, CF-3, and CF-4, with yields of 3.90%, 6.74%, 22.28%, and 0.06%, respectively, and molecular weights of 32.54, 24.93, 72.39, and 55.45 kDa, respectively. CF-1, CF-2, CF-3, and CF-4 had respectively 15.67%, 42.41%, 5.44%, and 14.52% peptide moiety content and 38.92%, 50.70%, 93.76%, and 19.80% carbohydrate moiety. In CF-2, the glucose content was 95.86 mol% and that of leucine was 16.23%, implicating the presence of a typical leucinoglucan. All four polysaccharide fractions lacked glutamic acid and hydroxyproline. The IC50 of CF-1, CF-2, and CF-3 was respectively 12.05, 3.98, and 14.5 mg/mL for DPPH free radical-scavenging ability; 5.77, 4.10, and 7.03 mg/mL for hydrogen peroxide-scavenging capability; 0.26, 0.05, and 0.19 mg/mL for O2 - free radical-scavenging capability; and 100.41, 28.12, and 29.73 mg/mL for Fe2+ chelation. Conclusion Our results indicated that RQ bran has a large amount of nutrient compounds, and a cost-efficient process for their extraction is needed. Their biomedical application as nutraceuticals also warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Bee Ker
- Department of Food and Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Wu
- Department of Food and Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,TMU-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lyu JL, Liu YJ, Wen KC, Chiu CY, Lin YH, Chiang HM. Protective Effect of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) Extract against UV- and AGEs-Induced Skin Aging via Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Collagen Degradation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072332. [PMID: 35408731 PMCID: PMC9000422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process involving photoaging and glycation stress, which share some fundamental pathways and have common mediators. They can cause skin damage and collagen degradation by inducing oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chenopodium formosanum (CF), also known as Djulis, is a traditional cereal in Taiwan. This study investigated the protection mechanisms of CF extract against ultraviolet (UV) radiation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced stress. The results indicated that CF extract had strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. It could reduce UV-induced intracellular ROS generation and initiate the antioxidant defense system by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in human skin fibroblasts. CF extract modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transformed growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways to alleviate oxidative stress-induced skin aging. Moreover, the results revealed that CF extract not only promoted collagen synthesis but also improved aging-induced collagen degradation. CF extract attenuated AGEs-induced ROS production and the upregulation of receptor for AGEs (RAGE). The overall results suggest that CF extract provides an effective anti-aging strategy by preventing skin damage from oxidative stress and collagen loss with potent antioxidant, anti-photoaging, and antiglycation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Lyu
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (J.-L.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Institute of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Liu
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (J.-L.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Wen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Center of Consultation, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Hsiang Lin
- Research and Design Center, TCI Co., Ltd., Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (J.-L.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366-5302
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Lin PH, Chao YY. Different Drought-Tolerant Mechanisms in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Based on Physiological Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112279. [PMID: 34834642 PMCID: PMC8620838 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of treatment with 90% (28.5% volumetric water content (VWC)), 75% (24% VWC), 50% (16% VWC), and 25% (8% VWC) of water requirements on the growth of two djulis (Chenopodium formosana Koidz) varieties (red: RP and yellow: OR) and one quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) varieties (PI). The results showed that drought stress (8% VWC) significantly reduced plant growth and relative water content, and increased H2O2 and MDA content in C. formosana and C. quinoa. The most significant increase in these parameters was detected in the OR variety. The antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, APX, and GR activities of PI variety under drought treatment (8% VWC), are significantly increased, while GR activity of C. formosana also increased significantly. Additionally, C. formosana and PI variety remained at a stable AsA/DHA ratio, but the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased during drought treatment. Moreover, drought stress increased total soluble sugars and proline content in the PI variety. However, C. formosana proline content was extremely significantly enhanced, and only the OR variety increased the total soluble sugar content at the same time during the vegetative growth period. In summary, C. formosana and C. quinoa have different drought tolerance mechanisms to adapt to being cultivated and produced under severe drought conditions.
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Tsai TY, Lin RJ, Liu C, Tseng YP, Chan LP, Liang CH. Djulis supplementation against oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation-induced cell damage: The influence of antioxidant status and aging of skin in healthy subjects. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:2945-2953. [PMID: 34636463 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a cereal food and its antioxidant and pigment constituents may protect skin from photoaging, but conclusive experiments have not been carried out. OBJECTIVE This investigation evaluates the effects of djulis extract as a functional supplement. PATIENTS/METHODS In this study, the effects of djulis functional drinks on the free radical scavenging activities, promotion of collagen synthesis and protection against oxidative stress and the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated of pUC119 DNA were explored. Thirty healthy subjects (aged 35-55 years old) were randomly allocated to djulis or placebo drinks groups (50 ml of a djulis/placebo drink daily for 8 weeks for each subject) in a double-blind crossover study. RESULTS The regular consumption of the djulis functional drinks significantly increased levels of the serum biochemical superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (+9.5% and +124.8%) after 8 weeks, relative to baseline controls. The improvements in skin moisture, brightness, elasticity, crow's feet, texture, wrinkles, pores, and collagen content after 8 weeks in the djulis group were +13.3%, +3.8%, +13.2%, -21.8%, -12.1%, -11.0%, -1.4%, and +33.7%, respectively, relative to the baseline without treatment. CONCLUSIONS These work findings suggest the daily consumption of djulis drinks can protect the skin against oxidative stress-induced damage, delay skin aging and improve skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yi Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Health and Beauty, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chen HY, Hsieh CW, Chen PC, Lin SP, Lin YF, Cheng KC. Development and Optimization of Djulis Sourdough Bread Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria for Antioxidant Capacity. Molecules 2021; 26:5658. [PMID: 34577129 PMCID: PMC8468284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed a nutritionally valuable product with bioactive activity that improves the quality of bread. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum), a native plant of Taiwan, was fermented using 23 different lactic acid bacteria strains. Lactobacillus casei BCRC10697 was identified as the ideal strain for fermentation, as it lowered the pH value of samples to 4.6 and demonstrated proteolysis ability 1.88 times higher than controls after 24 h of fermentation. Response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the djulis fermentation conditions for trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The optimal conditions were a temperature of 33.5 °C, fructose content of 7.7%, and dough yield of 332.8, which yielded a TEAC at 6.82 mmol/kg. A 63% increase in TEAC and 20% increase in DPPH were observed when compared with unfermented djulis. Subsequently, the fermented djulis was used in different proportions as a substitute for wheat flour to make bread. The total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were 4.23 mg GAE/g and 3.46 mg QE/g, marking respective increases of 18% and 40% when the djulis was added. Texture analysis revealed that adding djulis increased the hardness and chewiness of sourdough breads. It also extended their shelf life by approximately 2 days. Thus, adding djulis to sourdough can enhance the functionality of breads and may provide a potential basis for developing djulis-based functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.)
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.)
| | - Shin-Pin Lin
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Fen Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (P.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Wu CT, Wang WH, Lin WS, Hu SY, Chen CY, Chang MY, Lin YS, Li CP. Effects of Different Chenopodium formosanum Parts on Antioxidant Capacity and Optimal Extraction Analysis by Taguchi Method. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164679. [PMID: 34443200 PMCID: PMC8400637 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chenopodium formosanum (CF), rich in nutrients and antioxidants, is a native plant in Taiwan. During the harvest, the seeds are collected, while the roots, stems, and leaves remain on the field as agricultural waste. In this study, di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) radical scavenging ability and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability experiments of seeds, leaves, stems, and roots were designed using the Taguchi method (TM) under three conditions: Ethanol concentration (0-100%), temperature (25-65 °C), and extraction time (30-150 min). The result demonstrates that seeds and leaves have higher radical scavenging ability than stems and roots. Many studies focused on CF seeds. Therefore, this study selected CF leaves and optimized DPPH, ABTS, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and reducing power (RP) through TM, showing that the predicted value of the leaf is close to the actual value. The optimized results of CF leaves were DPPH 85.22%, ABTS 46.51%, TPC 116.54 µg GAE/mL, TFC 143.46 µg QE/mL, and RP 23.29 µg VCE (vitamin C equivalent)/mL. The DPPH and ABTS of CF leaves were second only to the results of CF seeds. It can be seen that CF leaves have the potential as a source of antioxidants and help in waste reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tung Wu
- Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500209, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821004, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Shin Lin
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Shiou-Yih Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Cheng-You Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Yun Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan;
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.L.); (C.-P.L.)
| | - Chi-Ping Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360001, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.L.); (C.-P.L.)
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Bioresource Utilization of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Biomass as Natural Antioxidants. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12155926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a yearly, fast-growing, under-utilized pseudo-cereal with a high proportion of biomass content. We used the hulls, which are usually removed from djulis as crop residue, to evaluate the free-radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of djulis. We studied the antioxidant capacity of ethanol- and water-extracted hulls and roots by using various in vitro methods. Ascorbic acid was the reference sample. The extract samples were used at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL. Total sugar content, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were assessed. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and N, N-dimethyl-ρ-phenylenediamine. Ethanol- and water-extracted red djulis hulls showed high amounts of total sugar, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, ethanol- and water-extracted red djulis roots showed moderate antioxidant capacity. However, ethanol- and water-extracted yellow djulis hulls showed limited antioxidant activities. Utilization of the biomass of djulis hulls and roots as natural antioxidant resources may be environmentally friendly and foreseeable.
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Lin P, Alexander RA, Liang CH, Liu C, Lin YH, Lin YH, Chan LP, Kuan CM. Collagen formula with Djulis for improvement of skin hydration, brightness, texture, crow's feet, and collagen content: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:188-194. [PMID: 32530124 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of Djulis for skin care is currently based on cellular or animal models, and the clinical aspect is not in place. AIM This clinical study is to investigate the synergistic effect of fish collagen and Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) for improvement of skin parameters. We used the combination of hydrolyzed collagen and Djulis to develop a new functional formula for skin improvement. PATIENTS/METHODS Fifty volunteers were randomly allocated (in a 1:1 ratio) to the placebo or collagen drink group. Volunteers were required to consume a 50 mL of a collagen drink or placebo drink daily for 8 weeks. For measurements, the indexes of skin conditions were measured at the baseline and 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS The improvements of skin hydration, brightness, crow's feet, texture, wrinkles, pores, spots, and collagen content after 8 weeks in collagen group were 17.8%, 5.4%, 14.9%, 9.9%, 29.3%, 10.4%, 9.9%, and 22.3%, respectively. Noticeably, over 68% of subjects got improved for their skin parameters after 8-week intake of collagen drink. The improvement levels indicated competitive skin improvement effects in comparison with previous studies. CONCLUSION This clinical study demonstrates the synergistic effect of fish collagen and Djulis (the main components) for the substantial improvements in hydration, brightness, crow's feet, texture, wrinkles, pores, surface spots, and collagen content in skin. The collagen drink comprehensively improved skin parameters for most subjects after 4-week intake and manifested competitive efficiency in comparison with other similar studies. We convince that the collagen drink may delay skin aging process and improve skin aging parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hao Lin
- Global Business Center, TCI CO., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lee CW, Chen HJ, Chien YH, Hsia SM, Chen JH, Shih CK. Synbiotic Combination of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010103. [PMID: 31905929 PMCID: PMC7019357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 106 cfu L. acidophilus/g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 107 cfu L. acidophilus/g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and L. acidophilus shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Hong-Jhang Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hua Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-M.H.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(2)-2736-1661 (ext. 6569)
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Chen SY, Chu CC, Chyau CC, Yang JW, Duh PD. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) and its bioactive compounds affect vasodilation, angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and hypertension. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Huang CY, Chu YL, Sridhar K, Tsai PJ. Analysis and determination of phytosterols and triterpenes in different inbred lines of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) hull: A potential source of novel bioactive ingredients. Food Chem 2019; 297:124948. [PMID: 31253280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodiun formosaneum Koidz.,), pseudo-cereal crop emerged as a potential source of functional ingredients, was used to identify phytosterols and triterpenes from seven inbred lines of Djulis hull using GC-MS. Key bioactive compounds were identified including 6 phytosterols (34.73-59.48 mg/100 g), 6 triterpenes (30.56-57.47 mg/100 g), and 5 other unsaponifiable compounds (15.89-22.50 mg/100 g). Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted and explored the variation among Djulis hull samples with two clusters based on the surface color that reflected the content of phytosterols and triterpenes. These results confirmed that the color might be used as an indicator for estimation of phytosterol and triterpene contents in Djulis hull. Overall, this is the first study that identified novel unsaponifiable compounds in Djulis hull, which might contribute to the development of phytosterols and/or triterpenes enriched functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Huang
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912 01, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912 01, Taiwan
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912 01, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Jen Tsai
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912 01, Taiwan.
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Djulis ( Chenopodium Formosanum) Prevents Colon Carcinogenesis via Regulating Antioxidative and Apoptotic Pathways in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092168. [PMID: 31509964 PMCID: PMC6769785 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Djulis is a cereal crop rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber that may have nutraceutical activity to prevent colon cancer. This study was designed to examine the preventive effect of djulis on colon carcinogenesis in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Rats were fed different AIN-93G-based diets: groups N and DMH were fed AIN-93G diet and groups LD, MD, and HD were fed AIN-93G diet containing 5, 10, and 20% djulis, respectively. All rats except for group N were injected with DMH to induce colon carcinogenesis. After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed and colon and liver tissues were collected for analysis. The results showed that djulis-treated rats had significantly lower numbers of colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing (SIM)-ACF, and mucin-depleted foci. Djulis treatment increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in colon and liver. Djulis also reduced p53, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions and increased Bax and caspase-9 expressions. Besides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found rich in djulis. These results demonstrate the chemopreventive effect of djulis on carcinogen-induced colon carcinogenesis via regulating antioxidative and apoptotic pathways in rats. Djulis may have the potential to be developed as a valuable cereal product for chemoprevention of colon cancer.
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Sun LC, Sridhar K, Tsai PJ, Chou CS. Effect of traditional thermal and high-pressure processing (HPP) methods on the color stability and antioxidant capacities of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huang HW, Cheng MC, Chen BY, Wang CY. Effects of high pressure extraction on the extraction yield, phenolic compounds, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of Djulis hull. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:4016-4024. [PMID: 31477973 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hulls of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) are a type of agricultural waste. Using 70% ethanol as the extraction solvent, this study compared the extraction yields of high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPE) and conventional oscillation extraction (CE) for Djulis hulls (DH). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase activities were also compared. Our findings indicated that 600 MPa/5 min of HPE resulted in higher total phenolic (567-642 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (47.2-57.2 mg QU/g) concentrations; gallic acid (44.5-53.2 μg/g) and rutin (26.8-34.2 μg/g) were the main phenolic and flavonoid compounds. When the extraction pressure was greater than 450 MPa, HPE extracts showed stronger antioxidant capacity and anti-tyrosinase activity than CE extracts. In a LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model of inflammation, HPE extracts had significant inhibitory effects on the cumulative concentrations of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. These results indicate that HPE had a better extraction yield, and required a shorter time for the extraction of functional ingredients from DH. Hence, DH could be a potential source for natural antioxidants for the food and biotechnology industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Huang
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Cheng
- 2Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Yuanlin, 510 Taiwan
| | - Bang-Yuan Chen
- 3Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wang
- 4Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Huwei, Yunlin 632 Taiwan
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Chen MN, Chan CF, Huang SL, Lin YS. Green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Chenopodium formosanum shell extract and analysis of the particles' antibacterial properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3693-3702. [PMID: 30663065 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various physical and chemical methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles have had some drawbacks. Therefore, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has became one of the most crucial emerging areas of nanobiotechnology. In the present study, plant-mediated synthesis of Au NPs was performed using Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) shell extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. RESULTS Reaction parameters were manipulated to optimize the Au NPs using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Optimized Au NPs with a surface plasmon resonance band at 533 nm were prepared using a 744 µg mL-1 extract and a solution of pH 2.62 chloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ·3H2 O) at 40 °C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results indicated that most of the resultant Au NPs were spherical in shape and exhibited a mean size of 8 ± 6 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the elemental gold and crystalline nature of the resultant NPs. FTIR spectrum analysis indicated the critical role of phenolic groups in the reduction of Au3+ ions and stabilization of the formed Au NPs. Moreover, the synthesized Au NPs possessed antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION In this study, Au NPs were synthesized with high efficiency and stability using Djulis shell extract, and related antibacterial applications were demonstrated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Nung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Chan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Lin TA, Ke BJ, Cheng CS, Wang JJ, Wei BL, Lee CL. Red Quinoa Bran Extracts Protects against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury and Fibrosis in Mice via Activation of Antioxidative Enzyme Systems and Blocking TGF-β1 Pathway. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020395. [PMID: 30781895 PMCID: PMC6412755 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The late stages of liver fibrosis are considered to be irreversible. Red quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz), a traditional food for Taiwanese aborigines, was gradually developed as a novel supplemental food due to high dietary fibre and polyphenolic compounds. Its bran was usually regarded as the agricultural waste, but it contained a high concentration of rutin known as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This study is to explore the effect of red quinoa bran extracts on the prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected CCl4 to induce liver fibrosis and treated with red quinoa whole seed powder, bran ethanol extracts, bran water extracts, and rutin. In the results, red quinoa powder provided more protection than rutin against CCl4-induced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory factor expression and fibrosis development. However, the bran ethanol extract with high rutin content provided the most liver protection and anti-fibrosis effect via blocking the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/interleukin 6 (IL-6) pathway and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Jun Ke
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan.
| | | | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan.
| | - Bai-Luh Wei
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Lin Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan.
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Hypoglycemic activity of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. components using a glucose uptake assay with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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The Inhibitory Effects of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Its Bioactive Compounds on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071780. [PMID: 30029534 PMCID: PMC6102591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the role of the ethanolic extracts of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum, EECF) and its bioactive compounds in preventing adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results demonstrated EECF significantly inhibited oil red O-stained material (OROSM), triglyceride levels and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of the critical molecules involved in lipid synthesis such as PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c was attenuated in EECF-treated cells. According to HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, rutin, kaempferol, betanin and another nine compounds were present in EECF. The suppression of lipid accumulation by rutin, kaempferol and betanin occurred by decreasing the gene expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of bioactive compounds in EECF may partly account for the anti-adipogenesis of EECF and EECF is therefore a potentially lipid lowering functional food.
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Hsu B, Lin S, Inbaraj BS, Chen B. Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. (djulis) by HPLC-DAD-ESI–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 132:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Water Extract and Its Bioactive Components Ameliorate Dermal Damage in UVB-Irradiated Skin Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7368797. [PMID: 27847821 PMCID: PMC5101365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7368797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dermal photoaging is a condition of skin suffering inappropriate ultraviolet (UV) exposure and exerts inflammation, tissue alterations, redness, swelling, and uncomfortable feelings. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a cereal food and its antioxidant and pigment constituents may provide skin protection from photoaging, but it still lacks proved experiments. In this study, protective effects of djulis extract (CFE) on UVB-irradiated skin were explored. The results showed that HaCaT cells with 150 μg/mL CFE treatment had higher survival and less production of interleukin- (IL-) 6, matrix metalloprotease- (MMP-) 1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-irradiated conditions. Subsequently, in animal studies, mice supplemented with CFE (100 mg/kg BW) were under UVB irradiation and had thinner epidermis and lower IL-6 levels in skin layer. These data demonstrate that bioactive compounds possessing the potency of antiphotoaging exist in CFE. Following that, we found rutin and chlorogenic acid (10-100 μM) could significantly increase cell viability and decrease the production of IL-6 in UVB models. Additionally, djulis pigment-betanin has no effect of increasing cell viability in this study. Our findings suggest CFE can protect skin against UV-induced damage and this protection is mainly from contributions of rutin and chlorogenic acid.
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Nanotechnological Applications in Food Packaging, Sensors and Bioactive Delivery Systems. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen C, Lin T, Shieh Y. Emulsification and antioxidation of biosurfactant extracts from Chinese medicinal herbs fermentation in vitro. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:387-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Narkprasom K, Su WL, Cheng MY, Wang SP, Hsiao SM, Tsai PJ. Relative Effects of Alcohol and pH on Betacyanin Stability in Aqueous Djulis Extracts and Their Color Qualities after Organic Acid Addition. J FOOD QUALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2012.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Narkprasom
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; 1, Hsueh-Fu Road, Nei-Pu Hsiang; Pingtung; 91201; Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Su
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Road; Tainan; 91701; Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Road; Tainan; 91701; Taiwan
| | - Shao-Pin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Road; Tainan; 91701; Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mien Hsiao
- Department of Food Science; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; 1, Hsueh-Fu Road, Nei-Pu Hsiang; Pingtung; 91201; Taiwan
| | - Pi-Jen Tsai
- Department of Food Science; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; 1, Hsueh-Fu Road, Nei-Pu Hsiang; Pingtung; 91201; Taiwan
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