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Daood HG, Ráth S, Palotás G, Halász G, Hamow K, Helyes L. Efficient HPLC Separation on a Core-C30 Column with MS2 Characterization of Isomers, Derivatives and Unusual Carotenoids from Tomato Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:336-347. [PMID: 34184033 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation of carotenoids and their geometrical isomers in tomato products using a core C30 column of 2.6 μm particles with gradient elution of tert-butyl-methyl-ether in 2% water in methanol. Excellent separation of the major carotenoids such as lycopene, β-carotene and lutein as well as their geometrical isomers and oxygen-containing derivatives with resolution factors ranging between 0.78 and 4.0 and selectivity of 1.01-1.63 was achieved. Validation of the developed method met the acceptance criteria concerning linearity, recovery, precision and limit of detection and quantification. Calibrations were linear with correlation coefficient (R2) values between 0.9966 and 0.9999. The limit of detection and quantification values were found to be 0.008 and 0.017 and 0.029 and 0.056 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery of 94.3-99.9%, intraday precision of 1.81-4.45% and interday precision of 3.13-6.86% were obtained. The hyphenation of liquid chromatography with diode-array and mass spectrometry was helpful in the identification of the separated carotenoids particularly the unusual di-hydroxy cyclolycopene adduct and di-methoxy lycopene determined for the first time in tomato products. Commercially available kinds of tomato juice and ketchup were evaluated based on their carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein G Daood
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Ráth
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Palotás
- Univer Product Enterprice, Szolnoki út 35, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halász
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Kamiran Hamow
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Brunszvik u. 2, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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2
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Leiva-Ampuero A, Agurto M, Matus JT, Hoppe G, Huidobro C, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Reyes-Díaz M, Stange C, Canessa P, Vega A. Salinity impairs photosynthetic capacity and enhances carotenoid-related gene expression and biosynthesis in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9742. [PMID: 32995076 PMCID: PMC7502237 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential components of the photosynthetic antenna and reaction center complexes, being also responsible for antioxidant defense, coloration, and many other functions in multiple plant tissues. In tomato, salinity negatively affects the development of vegetative organs and productivity, but according to previous studies it might also increase fruit color and taste, improving its quality, which is a current agricultural challenge. The fruit quality parameters that are increased by salinity are cultivar-specific and include carotenoid, sugar, and organic acid contents. However, the relationship between vegetative and reproductive organs and response to salinity is still poorly understood. Considering this, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom plants were grown in the absence of salt supplementation as well as with increasing concentrations of NaCl for 14 weeks, evaluating plant performance from vegetative to reproductive stages. In response to salinity, plants showed a significant reduction in net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, PSII quantum yield, and electron transport rate, in addition to an increase in non-photochemical quenching. In line with these responses the number of tomato clusters decreased, and smaller fruits with higher soluble solids content were obtained. Mature-green fruits also displayed a salt-dependent higher induction in the expression of PSY1, PDS, ZDS, and LYCB, key genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, in correlation with increased lycopene, lutein, β-carotene, and violaxanthin levels. These results suggest a key relationship between photosynthetic plant response and yield, involving impaired photosynthetic capacity, increased carotenoid-related gene expression, and carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Leiva-Ampuero
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Agurto
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València - CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gustavo Hoppe
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Huidobro
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria (NIPA), Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Plant, Soil Interaction, and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudia Stange
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal (CBMV), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo Canessa
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vega
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Ráth S, Égei M, Horváth K, Andryie B, Daood HG. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CONTENT OF PHYTONUTRIENTS IN INDUSTRIAL TOMATOES. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.49.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon L.) are one of the most important and most widely consumed vegetables in the world. The fruit contains considerable amount of different phytonutrients such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and vitamin C. In the present work, effects of some abiotic factors on the concentration of phytonutrients were investigated in tomato cultivated in two different types of soil. It was found that the type of soil had slight effect on the most important vital nutrients, while the ecological factors, particularly precipitation and average temperature 3 weeks before harvest, were of significant influence on such nutrients. It was found that low temperature and high precipitation before harvest caused the levels of carotenoids, tocopherol, and vitamin C to significantly increase by 65%, 46%, and 28%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sz. Ráth
- aSzent István University, Institute of Horticultural Technology, Gödöllő
| | - M. Égei
- aSzent István University, Institute of Horticultural Technology, Gödöllő
| | - K. Horváth
- aSzent István University, Institute of Horticultural Technology, Gödöllő
| | - B. Andryie
- aSzent István University, Institute of Horticultural Technology, Gödöllő
| | - H. G. Daood
- bSzent István University, Regional Knowledge Center, Gödöllő
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Khaksari M, Mazzoleni LR, Ruan C, Song P, Hershey ND, Kennedy RT, Burns MA, Minerick AR. Detection and quantification of vitamins in microliter volumes of biological samples by LC-MS for clinical screening. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khaksari
- Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods (ChARM) Laboratory; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
- Dept. of Chemistry; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | - Lynn R. Mazzoleni
- Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods (ChARM) Laboratory; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
- Dept. of Chemistry; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
| | - Chunhai Ruan
- Metabolomics Core; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan 48105
| | - Peng Song
- Dept. of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Neil D. Hershey
- Dept. of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Dept. of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Adrienne R. Minerick
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan 49931
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Van Meulebroek L, Hanssens J, Steppe K, Vanhaecke L. Metabolic Fingerprinting to Assess the Impact of Salinity on Carotenoid Content in Developing Tomato Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E821. [PMID: 27240343 PMCID: PMC4926355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the presence of health-promoting substances has become a significant aspect of tomato fruit appreciation, this study investigated nutrient solution salinity as a tool to enhance carotenoid accumulation in cherry tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Juanita). Hereby, a key objective was to uncover the underlying mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism, moving away from typical black box research strategies. To this end, a greenhouse experiment with five salinity treatments (ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 decisiemens (dS) m(-1)) was carried out and a metabolomic fingerprinting approach was applied to obtain valuable insights on the complicated interactions between salinity treatments, environmental conditions, and the plant's genetic background. Hereby, several hundreds of metabolites were attributed a role in the plant's salinity response (at the fruit level), whereby the overall impact turned out to be highly depending on the developmental stage. In addition, 46 of these metabolites embraced a dual significance as they were ascribed a prominent role in carotenoid metabolism as well. Based on the specific mediating actions of the retained metabolites, it could be determined that altered salinity had only marginal potential to enhance carotenoid accumulation in the concerned tomato fruit cultivar. This study invigorates the usefulness of metabolomics in modern agriculture, for instance in modeling tomato fruit quality. Moreover, the metabolome changes that were caused by the different salinity levels may enclose valuable information towards other salinity-related plant processes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Jochen Hanssens
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Plant Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Plant Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Tocopherols and tocotrienols in plants and their products: A review on methods of extraction, chromatographic separation, and detection. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Abstract
Modifications of the usual C40 linear and symmetrical carotenoid skeleton give rise to a wide array of structures of carotenes and xanthophylls in plant tissues. These include acyclic, monocyclic and dicyclic carotenoids, along with hydroxy and epoxy xanthophylls and apocarotenoids. Carotenols can be unesterified or esterified (monoester) in one or two (diester) hydroxyl groups with fatty acids. E-Z isomerization increases the array of possible plant carotenoids even further. Screening and especially quantitative analysis are being carried out worldwide. Visible absorption spectrometry and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy have been used for the initial estimation of the total carotenoid content or the principal carotenoid content when large numbers of samples needed to be analyzed within a short time, as would be the case in breeding programs. Although inherently difficult, quantitative analysis of the individual carotenoids is essential. Knowledge of the sources of errors and means to avoid them has led to a large body of reliable quantitative compositional data on carotenoids. Reverse-phase HPLC with a photodiode array detector has been the preferred analytical technique, but UHPLC is increasingly employed. HPLC-MS has been used mainly for identification and NMR has been useful in unequivocally identifying geometric isomers.
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Rodriguez-Amaya DB. Status of carotenoid analytical methods and in vitro assays for the assessment of food quality and health effects. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Vaculíková M, Vaculík M, Šimková L, Fialová I, Kochanová Z, Sedláková B, Luxová M. Influence of silicon on maize roots exposed to antimony - growth and antioxidative response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014. [PMID: 25201566 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799963-0.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of antimony (Sb) raises a serious environmental problem. Although this non-essential element can be taken up by roots and accumulated in plant tissues in relatively high concentrations, there is still lack of knowledge about the effect of Sb on biochemical and metabolic processes in plants. It was shown that application of silicon (Si) can decrease the toxicity of other heavy metals and toxic elements in various plants. The aim of this study was to assess how Si influences the growth and antioxidative response of young Zea mays L. roots exposed to elevated concentrations of Sb. Antimony reduced the root growth and induced oxidative stress and activated antioxidant defense mechanisms in maize. Silicon addition to Sb treated roots decreased oxidative stress symptoms documented by lower lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, and decreased activity of antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.11; catalase, EC 1.11.1.6; and guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7). Although neither positive nor negative effect of Si has been observed on root length and biomass, changes in the oxidative response of plants exposed to Sb indicate a possible mitigation role of Si on Sb toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Vaculíková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Šimková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Fialová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kochanová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Sedláková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Luxová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Van Meulebroek L, Vanden Bussche J, Steppe K, Vanhaecke L. High-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry for the analysis of carotenoids in tomato fruit: validation and comparative evaluation towards UV–VIS and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2613-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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del Castillo MD, Martinez-Saez N, Amigo-Benavent M, Silvan JM. Phytochemomics and other omics for permitting health claims made on foods. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Van Meulebroek L, Bussche JV, Steppe K, Vanhaecke L. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry for metabolomic profiling of the endogenous phytohormonal status of the tomato plant. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1260:67-80. [PMID: 22980641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are key signalling biomolecules and are of particular interest because of their regulating role in numerous physiological and developmental plant processes. Since the plant response to a given stimulus results amongst others from the complex interaction between phytohormones, there is a mounting interest for multiple phytohormone analysis. Therefore, with the primary aim of profiling the hormonal status of the tomato plant, a generic extraction protocol and an U-HPLC-Orbitrap-MS analysis were developed and validated for both tomato fruit and leaf tissue. To this end, eight phytohormones were considered, i.e. gibberellic acid, indol-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, zeatin, N6-benzyladenine and epibrassinolide, representing the major hormonal classes. The sample pre-treatment involved liquid extraction with a buffer of methanol, ultrapure water and formic acid (75:20:5, v/v/v), after which the extract was purified by means of an Amicon® Ultra centrifugal unit. Subsequently, analytes were chromatographically separated on a sub-2 μm particles Nucleodur Gravity C18 column and detected by an Exactive™ high-resolution mass spectrometer. Validation of the analytical method demonstrated that linearity (≥0.99), precision (CV≤15%) and mean corrected recovery (between 80% and 110%) performed well for the majority of the eight targeted phytohormones. In addition, the generic nature of the extraction protocol and the full scan approach of the Orbitrap mass spectrometer allowed metabolomic profiling of the hormonal status of the tomato plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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