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Luan H, Lu J, Shi W, Lu Y. Four amino acids play an important role in the allergenicity of hemocyanin allergen. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133704. [PMID: 38972655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
To identify the key amino acids (AAs) affecting the allergenicity of hemocyanin (HC) allergens from Chinese mitten crabs, in this study, two epitopes, P1-SHFTGSKSNPEQR and P2-LSPGANTITR were employed and four potential key AAs (P1: F3 and N9 and P2: N6 and R10) were predicted. Mast cell and mouse models revealed that four mutants induced lower levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Th2 type cytokines (15.47-49.89 %), proving that F3, N9, N6, and R10 were the key AAs of two epitopes. Mutants reduce allergic responses via the Th2 pathway. However, the roles of every key AA affecting allergenicity were different (P1-F3 > N9 and P2-N6 > R10). In addition, lower transport and higher efflux were observed in the mutants during transport absorption by Caco-2 cells. The allergenicity of HC was stronger when the transport absorption efficiency of epitopes and mutants was higher and their efflux was lower. Our study provides a novel method for revealing the allergenic molecular mechanisms of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jiada Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenzheng Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China.
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2
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Qian J, Zheng L, Zhao Y, Zhao M. Stability, Bioavailability, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Casein-Derived Peptide YPVEPF with a Sleep-Enhancing Effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14947-14958. [PMID: 36383434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
YPVEPF (Tyr-Pro-Val-Glu-Pro-Phe) is an outstanding sleep-enhancing peptide derived from casein. This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of YPVEPF in vitro and in vivo and to explore its structure-activity relationship through a sleep test and cheminformatics. Our results showed that YPVEPF was unstable against gastrointestinal enzymes and almost totally degraded to YPVEP in vitro. However, the pharmaco-kinetics results in vivo showed that the Cmax of YPVEPF was 10.38 ± 4.01 ng/mL at 5 min, and YPVEPF could be detected in the stomach, intestine, and brain at 12.89 ± 0.55, 10.26 ± 0.23, and 2.47 ± 0.55 ng/g, respectively. The main metabolites including YPVEP, YP, PVEPF, and PVEP were identified. We first explored whether the fragment YPVEP also had a strong sleep-enhancing effect, and the sleep-enhancing effects of PVEPF and PVEP (lacking a Tyr residue) significantly decreased compared with those of YPVEPF and YPVEP. Moreover, molecular docking and quantum calculations revealed that the N-terminus Tyr played a dominant role in YPVEPF and YPVEP. They had distinctive self-folding structures and varying electron-withdrawing properties of the groups at the N terminus, allowing different binding modes and electron/proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing526000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan Nan Road No. 498, Changsha410004, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing526000, China
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3
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The Anxiolytic-like Properties of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Bovine α s1 Casein Containing α-Casozepine Rely on GABA A Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Sites but Not the Vagus Nerve. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112212. [PMID: 35684011 PMCID: PMC9182760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine αs1-casein (CH) exerts anxiolytic-like properties in many species, including humans. This is mainly related to the presence of α-casozepine (α-CZP), which yields these properties in rodents. This study evaluates, in a rat model, the roles of the vagus nerve and the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors in the mode of action of CH. (2) Methods: The conditioned defensive burying test was used to evaluate anxiety. (3) Results: Participation of the vagus nerve in the mode of action of CH was excluded, as the global anxiety score in vagotomised rats was not significantly different from that of non-vagotomised animals. The blocking of the binding sites of benzodiazepines with flumazenil antagonised CH anxiolytic-like properties. (4) Conclusions: The vagus nerve does not play a role in the anxiolytic-like properties of CH. On the other hand, this anxiolytic-like activity relies on the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptors. This result is consistent with previous in vitro studies and, more specifically with the discovery of α-CZP, the peptide responsible for the anxiolytic-like properties of CH.
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4
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Pei J, Liu Z, Pan D, Zhao Y, Dang Y, Gao X. Transport, Stability, and In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effect of a Broccoli-Derived DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptide VPLVM. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4934-4941. [PMID: 35436096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major metabolic disease that requires long-term pharmacotherapy. Bioactive peptides have unique advantages such as higher potency, selectivity, and safety over small molecules and have achieved great success in the treatment of diabetes. We previously isolated a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptide VPLVM with IC50 = 99.68 μM from the protein hydrolysates of broccoli stems and leaves. Here, we evaluated the interaction with DPP-IV, transport, stability, and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of VPLVM. VPLVM interacted closely and steadily with DPP-IV at S1 and S2 pockets. VPLVM had a good gastrointestinal enzyme resistance and was transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer via paracellular diffusion and by the PepT1 with a Papp of 6.96 × 10-7 cm/s. VPLVM has a t1/2 of 12.56 ± 0.41 min in vitro plasma stability. In the oral glucose tolerance test, VPLVM showed an excellent hypoglycemic effect at 30 min after administration. VPLVM has potential as a candidate for the treatment of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Pei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yali Dang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinchang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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5
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Qian J, Zheng L, Su G, Huang M, Luo D, Zhao M. Identification and Screening of Potential Bioactive Peptides with Sleep-Enhancing Effects in Bovine Milk Casein Hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11246-11258. [PMID: 34543014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Casein tryptic hydrolysate (CTH) has been proven to possess stress-relieving and sleep-enhancing effects, but only one decapeptide YLGYLEQLLR (α-CZP) in CTH was reported to exhibit affinity for the benzodiazepine site of a GABAA receptor (GABAAR). This study aimed to compare the sleep-enhancing effects between CTH and α-CZP and to explore novel sleep-enhancing peptides. Our results showed that CTH significantly prolonged sleep duration in mice, which was almost 2-fold longer than that of α-CZP. The α-CZP in CTH was degraded more slowly than the synthetic α-CZP; meanwhile, CTH could release other potential sleep-enhancing peptides during gastrointestinal digestion. Additionally, two peptides YPVEPF and YFYPEL with strong sleep-enhancing activity were explored by virtual screening. Especially, YPVEPF could significantly prolong the sleep duration from 559.00 ± 272.24 to 2501.63 ± 1021.21 s and increase the sleep rate from 58.33 to 83.33% in mice. Moreover, YPVEPF and YFYPEL could bind with the Ser-205 and Phe-77 residues of GABAAR via hydrogen bonds and lipid contacts. They were largely released after digestion with 11.19 ± 0.15 and 1.78 ± 0.01 g/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
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6
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Hafeez Z, Benoit S, Cakir-Kiefer C, Dary A, Miclo L. Food protein-derived anxiolytic peptides: their potential role in anxiety management. Food Funct 2021; 12:1415-1431. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Could bioactive peptides from food proteins be used as prophylactic in the management of anxiety disorders?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Benoit
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | | | - Annie Dary
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
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7
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Christensen B, Toth AE, Nielsen SSE, Scavenius C, Petersen SV, Enghild JJ, Rasmussen JT, Nielsen MS, Sørensen ES. Transport of a Peptide from Bovine α s1-Casein across Models of the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103157. [PMID: 33081105 PMCID: PMC7602804 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of food components on brain growth and development has attracted increasing attention. Milk has been shown to contain peptides that deliver important signals to the brains of neonates and infants. In order to reach the brain, milk peptides have to resist proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, cross the gastrointestinal barrier and later cross the highly selective blood–brain barrier (BBB). To investigate this, we purified and characterized endogenous peptides from bovine milk and investigated their apical to basal transport by using human intestinal Caco-2 cells and primary porcine brain endothelial cell monolayer models. Among 192 characterized milk peptides, only the αS1-casein peptide 185PIGSENSEKTTMPLW199, and especially fragments of this peptide processed during the transport, could cross both the intestinal barrier and the BBB cell monolayer models. This peptide was also shown to resist simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This study demonstrates that a milk derived peptide can cross the major biological barriers in vitro and potentially reach the brain, where it may deliver physiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.); (C.S.); (J.J.E.); (J.T.R.)
- iFood Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrea E. Toth
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.E.T.); (S.S.E.N.); (S.V.P.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Simone S. E. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.E.T.); (S.S.E.N.); (S.V.P.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.); (C.S.); (J.J.E.); (J.T.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen V. Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.E.T.); (S.S.E.N.); (S.V.P.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.); (C.S.); (J.J.E.); (J.T.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan T. Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.); (C.S.); (J.J.E.); (J.T.R.)
| | - Morten S. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.E.T.); (S.S.E.N.); (S.V.P.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Esben S. Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.); (C.S.); (J.J.E.); (J.T.R.)
- iFood Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-87155461
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8
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Benoit S, Chaumontet C, Schwarz J, Cakir-Kiefer C, Boulier A, Tomé D, Miclo L. Anxiolytic Activity and Brain Modulation Pattern of the α-Casozepine-Derived Pentapeptide YLGYL in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051497. [PMID: 32455588 PMCID: PMC7285003 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Casozepine (α-CZP) is an anxiolytic-like bioactive decapeptide derived from bovine αs1-casein. The N-terminal peptide YLGYL was previously identified after proteolysis of the original peptide in an in vitro digestion model. Its putative anxiolytic-like properties were evaluated in a Swiss mice model using a light/dark box (LDB) after an intraperitoneal injection (0.5 mg/kg). The effect of YLGYL on c-Fos expression in brain regions linked to anxiety regulation was afterwards evaluated via immunofluorescence and compared to those of α-CZP and diazepam, a reference anxiolytic benzodiazepine. YLGYL elicited some anxiolytic-like properties in the LDB, similar to α-CZP and diazepam. The two peptides displayed some strong differences compared with diazepam in terms of c-Fos expression modulation in the prefontal cortex, the amygdala, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, the periaqueductal grey, and the raphe magnus nucleus, implying a potentially different mode of action. Additionally, YLGYL modulated c-Fos expression in the amygdala and in one of the raphe nuclei, displaying a somewhat similar pattern of activation as α-CZP. Nevertheless, some differences were also spotted between the two peptides, making it possible to formulate the hypothesis that these peptides could act differently on anxiety regulation. Taken together, these results showed that YLGYL could contribute to the in vivo overall action of α-CZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Benoit
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-1223-769048
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Céline Cakir-Kiefer
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, Inrae, Université Paris-Saclay, F-75231 Paris, France; (C.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Laurent Miclo
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.C.-K.); (L.M.)
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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9
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Antihypertensive Effect in Vivo of QAGLSPVR and Its Transepithelial Transport Through the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050288. [PMID: 31086041 PMCID: PMC6562704 DOI: 10.3390/md17050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide QAGLSPVR, which features high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, was identified in our previous study. In this study, the in vivo antihypertensive effect of QAGLSPVR was evaluated. Results showed that QAGLSPVR exerts a clear antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the rats remarkably decreased by 41.86 and 40.40 mm Hg, respectively, 3 h after peptide administration. The serum ACE activities of SHRs were determined at different times, and QAGLSPVR was found to decrease ACE activities in serum; specifically, minimal ACE activity was found 3 h after administration. QAGLSPVR could be completely absorbed by the Caco-2 cell monolayer, and its transport percentage was 3.5% after 2 h. The transport route results of QAGLSPVR showed that Gly-Sar and wortmannin exert minimal effects on the transport percentage of the peptide (p> 0.05), thus indicating that QAGLSPVR transport through the Caco-2 cell monolayer is not mediated by peptide transporter 1 or transcytosis. By contrast, cytochalasin D significantly increased QAGLSPVR transport (p< 0.05); thus, QAGLSPVR may be transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer via the paracellular pathway.
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10
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Wang L, Ding L, Du Z, Yu Z, Liu J. Hydrolysis and Transport of Egg White-Derived Peptides in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers and Everted Rat Sacs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4839-4848. [PMID: 30969123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to investigate the hydrolysis and transepithelial transport of egg white peptides in Caco-2 cell monolayers and everted rat sacs. Results showed that egg white peptides had higher permeability but lower degradation in Caco-2 cell monolayers than found for everted rat sacs. Peptides LGAKDSTRT, DGSRQPVDN, VNDLQGKTS, and GKKDPVLKD were identified from not only the basolateral (BL) side of Caco-2 cell monolayers but also the serous side of everted rat sacs, suggesting that these four peptides could be transported intact in both model systems. In addition, there were 24 peptides identified from the apical (AP) side of Caco-2 cell monolayers and the mucosal side of everted rat sacs, indicating potential resistance to hydrolysis by brush border membrane peptidases. Among these, peptides IRDLLER, YAEERYP, and IRNVLQPS were demonstrated as having dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 186.23 ± 15.25, 340.62 ± 4.73, and 598.28 ± 15.12 μM ( P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were predicted to form hydrogen-bonds, π-π bonds, and charge interactions with the activity sites, especially the amino acid residues located in the S2 pocket of DPP-IV, potentially contributing to their DPP-IV inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Bohai University , Jinzhou , Liaoning 121013 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130062 , People's Republic of China
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11
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Xu Q, Hong H, Wu J, Yan X. Bioavailability of bioactive peptides derived from food proteins across the intestinal epithelial membrane: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Xu Q, Yan X, Zhang Y, Wu J. Current understanding of transport and bioavailability of bioactive peptides derived from dairy proteins: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Xianghua Yan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada
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13
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14
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Ding L, Wang L, Zhang T, Yu Z, Liu J. Hydrolysis and transepithelial transport of two corn gluten derived bioactive peptides in human Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Res Int 2018; 106:475-480. [PMID: 29579950 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to investigate the transepithelial transport of two novel corn gluten-derived antioxidant peptides, YFCLT and GLLLPH, using Caco-2 cell monolayers. Results showed that both of YFCLT and GLLLPH could transport in intact form across Caco-2 cell monolayers with apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values of (1.10±0.16)×10-7cm/s and (1.98±0.23)×10-7cm/s, respectively. However, it was found that the two peptides were susceptible and easily hydrolyzed by brush border membrane peptidases. In the presence of diprotin A, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), the hydrolysis of YFCLT and GLLLPH decreased and their permeabilities increased significantly compared to control group (P<0.05). The results of transport routes revealed that Gly-Sar, a peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) substrate, had little effects on the transepithelial permeability (P>0.05), suggesting that the transport of YFCLT and GLLLPH across Caco-2 cell monolayers was not mediated by PepT1. However, it was found that cytochalasin d, a tight junctions (TJs) disruptor, increased the permeability significantly (P<0.05). While wortmannin, a transcytosis inhibitor, and sodium azide, an ATP synthesis inhibitor, both decreased the permeability significantly (P<0.05). It indicated that the TJs-mediated paracellular pathway and energy-dependent transcytosis were involved in the transport of YFCLT and GLLLPH across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Liying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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15
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Ding L, Wang L, Yu Z, Ma S, Du Z, Zhang T, Liu J. Importance of Terminal Amino Acid Residues to the Transport of Oligopeptides across the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7705-7712. [PMID: 28812357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of terminal amino acids on the transport of oligopeptides across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. Ala-based tetra- and pentapeptides were designed, and the N- or C-terminal amino acid residues were replaced by different amino acids. The results showed that the oligopeptides had a wide range of transport permeability across the Caco-2 cell monolayer and could be divided into four categories: non-/poor permeability, low permeability, intermediate permeability, and good permeability. Tetrapeptides with N-terminal Leu, Pro, Ile, Cys, Met, and Val or C-terminal Val showed the highest permeability, with apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values over 10 × 10-6 cm/s (p < 0.05), suggesting that nonpolar hydrophobic aliphatic amino acids or polar sulfur-containing amino acids were the best for the transport of tetrapeptides. Pentapeptides with N- or C-terminal Tyr also showed high permeability levels, with Papp values of about 10 × 10-6 cm/s. The amino acids Glu, Asn, and Thr at the N terminus or Lys, Asp, and Arg at the C terminus were also beneficial for the transport of tetra- and pentapeptides, with Papp values ranging from 1 × 10-6 to 10 × 10-6 cm/s. In addition, peptides with amino acids replaced at the N terminus generally showed higher permeability than those with amino acids replaced at the C terminus (p < 0.05), suggesting that N-terminal amino acids were more important for the transport of oligopeptides across the Caco-2 cell monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University , Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Sitong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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16
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Picariello G, Ferranti P, Addeo F. Use of brush border membrane vesicles to simulate the human intestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Interaction between dietary bioactive peptides of short length and bile salts in submicellar or micellar state. Food Chem 2016; 209:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Benedé S, López-Expósito I, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Egg proteins as allergens and the effects of the food matrix and processing. Food Funct 2016; 6:694-713. [PMID: 25598200 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hen eggs are an important and inexpensive source of high-quality proteins in the human diet. Egg, either as a whole or its constituents (egg yolk and white), is a key ingredient in many food products by virtue of its nutritional value and unique functional properties, such as emulsifying, foaming, and gelling. Nevertheless, egg is also known because of its allergenic potential and, in fact, it is the second most frequent source of allergic reactions, particularly in children. This review deals with the structural or functional properties of egg proteins that make them strong allergens. Their ability to sensitize and/or elicit allergic reactions is linked to their resistance to gastroduodenal digestion, which ultimately allows them to interact with the intestinal mucosa where absorption occurs. The factors that affect protein digestibility, whether increasing it, decreasing it, or inducing a different proteolysis pattern, and their influence on their capacity to induce or trigger an allergic reaction are discussed. Special attention is paid to the effect of the food matrix and the processing practices on the capacity of egg proteins to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Wang B, Xie N, Li B. Charge properties of peptides derived from casein affect their bioavailability and cytoprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2468-2479. [PMID: 26851854 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of charge properties of casein peptides on absorption stability, antioxidant activity, and cytoprotection were evaluated. Alcalase hydrolysates of casein were separated into 4 fractions by cation-exchange chromatography according to charge properties. After simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell transmembrane transport, we determined the total antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity and oxygen radical antioxidant activity) and nitrogen content of peptide fractions to estimate available antioxidant efficacy and bioavailability (BA) of peptides. Results showed that negatively charged peptide fractions had greater BA and antioxidant activities after digestion and absorption. The peptide permeates were used to test the cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HepG-2 cells. All peptide permeates increased cell viability, elevated catalase activity, and decreased superoxide dismutase activity. However, negatively charged peptide fractions preserved cell viability to a greater degree. Therefore, the negatively charged peptides from casein may be potential antioxidants and could be used as ingredients in functional foods and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ningning Xie
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 100083, China.
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20
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Bioactive peptides released by in vitro digestion of standard and hydrolyzed infant formulas. Peptides 2015; 73:101-5. [PMID: 26385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolyzed infant formulas serve as appropriate nutritional sources for infants afflicted with cow's milk allergy, and milk proteins in hydrolyzed formulas are industrially hydrolyzed extensively or partially. To investigate whether industrial hydrolysis may modulate the digestive trajectory of milk proteins, thereby releasing different profiles of bioactive peptides compared with standard formulas, both standard and hydrolyzed formulas were subjected to in vitro digestion and formation of bioactive peptides were compared. One standard, one extensively hydrolyzed, and one partially hydrolyzed infant formula were digested in vitro with pepsin and pancreatin, taking into account the higher gastric pH of infants, and the digesta were subjected to peptidomic analysis. The standard formula released a larger variety of bioactive peptides than from the hydrolyzed formulas, indicating that industrial hydrolysis of milk proteins may generally attenuate their indigenous bioactivities such as antibacterial, immuno-regulatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Conversely, industrial hydrolysis may facilitate the formation of bioactive peptides from hydrophobic proteins/regions such as β-LG and the "strategic zone" of β-CN, which encrypt bioactive peptides including a dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4-inhibitory, hypocholesterolemic, and opioid peptides. Infants fed hydrolyzed infant formulas may be influenced by milk protein-derived bioactive peptides in a manner different from those fed standard formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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21
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Ding L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu J. Transport of Antihypertensive Peptide RVPSL, Ovotransferrin 328-332, in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8143-8150. [PMID: 26335384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the transepithelial transport of RVPSL (Arg-Val-Pro-Ser-Leu), an egg-white-derived peptide with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antihypertensive activity, in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Results revealed that RVPSL could be passively transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers. However, during the process of transport, 36.31% ± 1.22% of the initial RVPSL added to the apical side was degraded, but this degradation decreased to 23.49% ± 0.68% when the Caco-2 cell monolayers were preincubated with diprotin A (P < 0.001), suggesting that RVPSL had a low resistance to various brush border membrane peptidases. When transport from the apical side to the basolateral side was investigated, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was (6.97 ± 1.11) × 10(-6) cm/s. The transport route of RVPSL appears to be the paracellular pathway via tight junctions, as only cytochalasin D, a disruptor of tight junctions (TJs), significantly increased the transport rate (P < 0.001). In addition, the relationship between the structure of RVPSL and transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers was studied by mutation of RVPSL. It was found that N-terminal Pro residues were more beneficial for transport of pentapeptides across Caco-2 cell monolayers than Arg and Val. Furthermore, RVPSL could be more easily transported as smaller peptides, especially in the form of dipeptides and tripeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ding
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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22
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Ding L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang L, Liu B, Liu J. Transport of Egg White ACE-Inhibitory Peptide, Gln-Ile-Gly-Leu-Phe, in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Monolayers with Cytoprotective Effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3177-3182. [PMID: 24670259 DOI: 10.1021/jf405639w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the transepithelial transport and cytoprotective effect of Gln-Ile-Gly-Leu-Phe (QIGLF), an ACE-inhibitory peptide derived from egg white ovalbumin, in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. The results showed that QIGLF could be absorbed intact through Caco-2 cell monolayers with a Papp value of (9.11 ± 0.19) × 10-7 cm/s (transport kinetic parameters: Km, 32.37 ± 12.59 mM; Vmax, 1.23 ± 0.49 μM/min cm2). The transport was not significantly decreased by sodium azide and Gly-Pro, an ATP synthesis inhibitor and a peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) substrate, respectively, suggesting that transport of QIGLF was not energy-dependent and carrier-mediated. In addition, wortmannin, a transcytosis inhibitor, had little effect on the transport, suggesting that endocytosis was not involved in the transport of QIGLF. However, the transport of QIGLF was increased significantly in the presence of cytochalasin D, a tight junction disruptor, suggesting that paracellular transport via tight junctions was the major transport mechanism for intact QIGLF across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Moreover, QIGLF was added to Caco-2 cells followed by addition of H2O2, and exhibited significant cytoprotective effect in Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ding
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqun Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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23
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Osborne S, Chen W, Addepalli R, Colgrave M, Singh T, Tran C, Day L. In vitrotransport and satiety of a beta-lactoglobulin dipeptide and beta-casomorphin-7 and its metabolites. Food Funct 2014; 5:2706-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00164h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vitrotransport of β-CM7 occurs through rapid hydrolysis into three peptide metabolites that transport at variable rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Osborne
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences
- St Lucia, Australia
| | - Wei Chen
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences
- St Lucia, Australia
| | - Rama Addepalli
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences
- St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Tanoj Singh
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Cuong Tran
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - Li Day
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences
- Werribee, Australia
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24
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Jiménez-Saiz R, Benedé S, Miralles B, López-Expósito I, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Immunological behavior of in vitro digested egg-white lysozyme. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:614-24. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM; Madrid Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM; Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM; Madrid Spain
| | - Iván López-Expósito
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM; Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM; Madrid Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM; Madrid Spain
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25
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Mizushige T, Sawashi Y, Yamada A, Kanamoto R, Ohinata K. Characterization of Tyr‐Leu‐Gly, a novel anxiolytic‐like peptide released from bovine α
S
‐casein. FASEB J 2013; 27:2911-7. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mizushige
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Research Unit for Physiological ChemistryCenter for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C‐PIER)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yurina Sawashi
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ayako Yamada
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryuhei Kanamoto
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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26
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Transport across Caco-2 monolayers of peptides arising from in vitro digestion of bovine milk proteins. Food Chem 2013; 139:203-12. [PMID: 23561097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The entire panel of peptides produced from caseins (CN) and whey proteins (WP) that survive in vitro sequential gastro-pancreatic digestion and translocate across monolayers of Caco-2 cells, used as a model of the intestinal epithelium, has been characterised by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Among the milk-derived bioactive peptides, only minor amounts of mono-phosphorylated peptides arising from αs1- and β-CN were detected. The absorption behaviour of two resistant β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) domains, β-Lg 125-135 and β-Lg 40-60, was studied in detail using synthetic peptides. The IgE-binding properties of the digests recovered from the apical and basolateral monolayer compartments were evaluated by dot-blot, using the sera of milk allergic children (N=5). Outcomes indicated β-Lg 127-135 as a possible "immune sensitising factor"in vivo. The almost complete loss of the IgE-affinity of CN and WP after digestion points out the need to design in vivo experiments to track the metabolic fate of dietary proteins.
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