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Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Matos P, Batista MT, Figueirinha A. A review of the ethnomedicinal uses, chemistry, and pharmacological properties of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115271. [PMID: 35430290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Acanthus genus belongs to the Acanthaceae family, and its species are distributed in all continents, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Several traditional applications are referred to, but few scientific studies validate them. Despite this, studies in animal models corroborate some of its uses in folk medicine, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive, which encourages the research on plants of this genus. AIM OF THE REVIEW To our knowledge, this document is the first comprehensive review study that provides information on the geographic distribution, botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of some Acanthus species to understand the correlation between traditional uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities, providing perspectives for future studies. RESULTS In traditional medicine, Acanthus species are mainly used for diseases of respiratory, nervous and reproductive system, gastrointestinal and urinary tract, and skin illness. The most used species are A. montanus, A. ilicifolius, and A. ebracteatus. Chemical compounds (125) from different chemical classes were isolated and identified in seven species, mainly from A. ilicifolius, about 80, followed by A. ebracteatus and A. montanus, appearing with a slightly lower number with fewer phytochemical profile studies. Isolated phytoconstituents have been mainly alkaloids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, and phenylethanoids. In addition, aliphatic glycosides, flavonoids, lignan glycosides, megastigmane derivatives, triterpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, alcohols, hydroxybenzoic acids, simple phenols were also cited. Scientific studies from Acanthus species extracts and their phytoconstituents support their ethnomedical uses. Antimicrobial activity that is the most studied, followed by the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, underlie many Acanthus species activities. A. dioscoridis, A. ebracteatus, A. hirsutus, A. ilicifolius, A. mollis, A. montanus, and A. polystachyus have studies on these activities, A. ilicifolius being the one with the most publications. Most studies were essentially performed in vitro. However, the anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties have been studied in vivo. CONCLUSION Acanthus species have remarkable phytoconstituents with different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, and leishmanicidal, supporting traditional uses of some species. However, many others remain unexplored. Future studies should focus on these species, especially pharmacological properties, toxicity, and action mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive report on Acanthus genus plants, evidencing their therapeutic potential and prospects for discovering new safe and effective drugs from Acanthus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Matos
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55142, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55142, Oporto, Portugal.
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Nordin E, Steffensen SK, Laursen BB, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Åman P, Hallmans G, Borre M, Stærk D, Hanhineva K, Fomsgaard IS, Landberg R. An inverse association between plasma benzoxazinoid metabolites and PSA after rye intake in men with prostate cancer revealed with a new method. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5260. [PMID: 35347164 PMCID: PMC8960836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common cancer among men, and preventive strategies are warranted. Benzoxazinoids (BXs) in rye have shown potential against PC in vitro but human studies are lacking. The aim was to establish a quantitative method for analysis of BXs and investigate their plasma levels after a whole grain/bran rye vs refined wheat intervention, as well as exploring their association with PSA, in men with PC. A quantitative method for analysis of 22 BXs, including novel metabolites identified by mass spectrometry and NMR, was established, and applied to plasma samples from a randomized crossover study where patients with indolent PC (n = 17) consumed 485 g whole grain rye/rye bran or fiber supplemented refined wheat daily for 6 wk. Most BXs were significantly higher in plasma after rye (0.3–19.4 nmol/L in plasma) vs. refined wheat (0.05–2.9 nmol/L) intake. HBOA-glc, 2-HHPAA, HBOA-glcA, 2-HPAA-glcA were inversely correlated to PSA in plasma (p < 0.04). To conclude, BXs in plasma, including metabolites not previously analyzed, were quantified. BX metabolites were significantly higher after rye vs refined wheat consumption. Four BX-related metabolites were inversely associated with PSA, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Nordin
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stine K Steffensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sven-Olof Andersson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Johansson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dan Stærk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, 20520, Turku, Finland.,School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Rasool S, Vidkjaer NH, Hooshmand K, Jensen B, Fomsgaard IS, Meyling NV. Seed inoculations with entomopathogenic fungi affect aphid populations coinciding with modulation of plant secondary metabolite profiles across plant families. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1715-1727. [PMID: 33006149 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can display a plant-associated lifestyle as endophytes. Seed application of EPF can affect insect herbivory above ground, but the mechanisms behind this are not documented. Here we applied three EPF isolates, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium brunneum and M. robertsii, as seed inoculation of wheat and bean, and evaluated the effects on population growth of aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Aphis fabae, respectively. In wheat and bean leaves, we quantified benzoxazinoids and flavonoids, respectively, in response to EPF inoculation and aphid infestation to elucidate the role of specific plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in plant-fungus-herbivore interactions. Inoculations of wheat and bean with M. robertsii and B. bassiana reduced aphid populations compared with control treatments, whereas M. brunneum unexpectedly increased the populations of both aphids. Concentrations of the majority of PSMs were differentially altered in EPF-treated plants infested with aphids. Changes in aphid numbers were associated with PSMs regulation rather than EPF endophytic colonisation capacity. This study links the effects of EPF seed inoculations against aphids with unique PSM accumulation patterns in planta. The understanding of PSM regulation in tri-trophic interactions is important for the future development of EPF for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Rasool
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldesensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Nanna H Vidkjaer
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Kourosh Hooshmand
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldesensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Meyling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldesensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
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Macías FA, Durán AG, Molinillo JMG. Allelopathy: The Chemical Language of Plants. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 112:1-84. [PMID: 33306172 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-52966-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In Nature, the oldest method of communication between living systems is the chemical language. Plants, due to their lack of mobility, have developed the most sophisticated way of chemical communication. Despite that many examples involve this chemical communication process-allelopathy, there is still a lack of information about specific allelochemicals released into the environment, their purpose, as well as in-depth studies on the chemistry underground. These findings are critical to gain a better understanding of the role of these compounds and open up a wide range of possibilities and applications, especially in agriculture and phytomedicine. The most relevant aspects regarding the chemical language of plants, namely kind of allelochemicals, have been investigated, as well as their releasing mechanisms and their purpose will be described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Alexandra G Durán
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Hazrati H, Fomsgaard IS, Kudsk P. Root-Exuded Benzoxazinoids: Uptake and Translocation in Neighboring Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10609-10617. [PMID: 32877180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved advanced chemical defense mechanisms, including root exudation, which enable them to respond to changes occurring in their surroundings rapidly. Yet, it remains unresolved how root exudation affects belowground plant-plant interactions. The objective of this study was to elucidate the fate of benzoxazinoids (BXs) exuded from the roots of rye (Secale cereale L.) plants grown with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). A rapid method that allows nondestructive and reproducible chemical profiling of the root exudates was developed. Targeted chemical analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was performed to investigate the changes in the composition and concentration of BXs in the rye plant, and its root exudate in response to cocultivation with hairy vetch. Furthermore, hairy vetch plants were screened for the possible uptake of BXs from the rhizosphere and their translocation to the shoot. Rye significantly increased the production and root exudation of BXs, in particular 2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA-glc) and 2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA-glc), in response to cocultivation with hairy vetch. DIBOA-glc and DIMBOA-glc were absorbed by the roots of the cocultivated hairy vetch plants and translocated to the shoots. These findings will strongly improve our understanding of the exudation of BXs from the rye plant and their role in interaction with other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hazrati
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Kudsk
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Aarhus, Denmark
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Macías FA, Mejías FJ, Molinillo JM. Recent advances in allelopathy for weed control: from knowledge to applications. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2413-2436. [PMID: 30684299 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is the biological phenomenon of chemical interactions between living organisms in the ecosystem, and must be taken into account in addressing pest and weed problems in future sustainable agriculture. Allelopathy is a multidisciplinary science, but in some cases, aspects of its chemistry are overlooked, despite the need for a deep knowledge of the chemical structural characteristics of allelochemicals to facilitate the design of new herbicides. This review is focused on the most important advances in allelopathy, paying particular attention to the design and development of phenolic compounds, terpenoids and alkaloids as herbicides. The isolation of allelochemicals is mainly addressed, but other aspects such as the analysis and activities of derivatives or analogs are also covered. Furthermore, the use of allelopathy in the fight against parasitic plants is included. The past 12 years have been a prolific period for publications on allelopathy. This critical review discusses future research areas in this field and the state of the art is analyzed from the chemist's perspective. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Jr Mejías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Mg Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Kudjordjie EN, Sapkota R, Steffensen SK, Fomsgaard IS, Nicolaisen M. Maize synthesized benzoxazinoids affect the host associated microbiome. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:59. [PMID: 30975184 PMCID: PMC6460791 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants actively shape their associated microbial communities by synthesizing bio-active substances. Plant secondary metabolites are known for their signaling and plant defense functions, yet little is known about their overall effect on the plant microbiome. In this work, we studied the effects of benzoxazinoids (BXs), a group of secondary metabolites present in maize, on the host-associated microbial structure. Using BX knock-out mutants and their W22 parental lines, we employed 16S and ITS2 rRNA gene amplicon analysis to characterize the maize microbiome at early growth stages. RESULTS Rhizo-box experiment showed that BXs affected microbial communities not only in roots and shoots, but also in the rhizosphere. Fungal richness in roots was more affected by BXs than root bacterial richness. Maize genotype (BX mutants and their parental lines) as well as plant age explained both fungal and bacterial community structure. Genotypic effect on microbial communities was stronger in roots than in rhizosphere. Diverse, but specific, microbial taxa were affected by BX in both roots and shoots, for instance, many plant pathogens were negatively correlated to BX content. In addition, a co-occurrence analysis of the root microbiome revealed that BXs affected specific groups of the microbiome. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the role of BXs for microbial community assembly in the rhizosphere and in roots and shoots. Coupling the quantification of BX metabolites with bacterial and fungal communities, we were able to suggest a gatekeeper role of BX by showing its correlation with specific microbial taxa and thus providing insights into effects on specific fungal and bacterial taxa in maize roots and shoots. Root microbial co-occurrence networks revealed that BXs affect specific microbial clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Stine K. Steffensen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S. Fomsgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Dihm K, Vendelbo Lind M, Sundén H, Ross A, Savolainen O. Quantification of benzoxazinoids and their metabolites in Nordic breads. Food Chem 2017; 235:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tanwir F, Dionisio G, Adhikari KB, Fomsgaard IS, Gregersen PL. Biosynthesis and chemical transformation of benzoxazinoids in rye during seed germination and the identification of a rye Bx6-like gene. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 140:95-107. [PMID: 28472715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are secondary metabolites with plant defense properties and possible health-promoting effects in humans. In this study, the transcriptional activity of ScBx genes (ScBx1-ScBx5; ScBx6-like), involved in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, was analyzed during germination and early seedling development in rye. Our results showed that ScBx genes had highest levels of expression at 24-30 h after germination, followed by a decrease at later stages. For ScBx1-ScBx5 genes expression was higher in shoots compared with root tissues and vice versa for ScBx6-like gene transcripts. Moreover, methylated forms of benzoxazinoids accumulated in roots rather than in shoots during seedling development, in particular reaching high levels of HMBOA-glc in roots. Chemical profiles of benzoxazinoid accumulation in the developing seedling reflected the combined effects of de novo biosynthesis of the compounds as well as the turnover of compounds either pre-stored in the embryo or de novo biosynthesized. Bioinformatic analysis, together with the differential distribution of ScBx6-like transcripts in root and shoot tissues, suggested the presence of a ZmBx6 homolog encoding a 2-oxoglutarate dependent dehydrogenase in rye. The ScBx6-like cDNA was expressed in E. coli for functional characterization in vitro. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the purified enzyme was responsible for the oxidation of DIBOA-glc into TRIBOA-glc, strongly suggesting the ScBX6-like enzyme in rye to be a functional ortholog of maize ZmBX6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Tanwir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Dionisio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Koistinen VM, Hanhineva K. Microbial and endogenous metabolic conversions of rye phytochemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27958675 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rye is one of the main cereals produced and consumed in the hemiboreal climate region. Due to its use primarily as wholegrain products, rye provides a rich source of dietary fibre as well as several classes of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds with potentially positive health implications. Here, we review the current knowledge of the metabolic pathways of phytochemical classes abundant in rye, starting from the microbial transformations occurring during the sourdough process and colonic fermentation and continuing with the endogenous metabolism. Additionally, we discuss the detection of specific metabolites by MS in different phases of their journey from the cereal to the target organs and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, , University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, , University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Wouters FC, Blanchette B, Gershenzon J, Vassão DG. Plant defense and herbivore counter-defense: benzoxazinoids and insect herbivores. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 15:1127-1151. [PMID: 27932939 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9481-9481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are a class of indole-derived plant chemical defenses comprising compounds with a 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one skeleton and their derivatives. These phytochemicals are widespread in grasses, including important cereal crops such as maize, wheat and rye, as well as a few dicot species, and display a wide range of antifeedant, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and allelopathic activities. Although their overall effects against insect herbivores are frequently reported, much less is known about how their modes of action specifically influence insect physiology. The present review summarizes the biological activities of benzoxazinoids on chewing, piercing-sucking, and root insect herbivores. We show how within-plant distribution modulates the exposure of different herbivore feeding guilds to these defenses, and how benzoxazinoids may act as toxins, feeding deterrents and digestibility-reducing compounds under different conditions. In addition, recent results on the metabolism of benzoxazinoids by insects and their consequences for plant-herbivore interactions are addressed, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Wouters
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Blair Blanchette
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel G Vassão
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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14
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Steffensen SK, Pedersen HA, Adhikari KB, Laursen BB, Jensen C, Høyer S, Borre M, Pedersen HH, Borre M, Edwards D, Fomsgaard IS. Benzoxazinoids in Prostate Cancer Patients after a Rye-Intensive Diet: Methods and Initial Results. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8235-8245. [PMID: 27718574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rye bread contains high amounts of benzoxazinoids, and in vitro studies have shown suppressive effects of selected benzoxazinoids on prostate cancer cells. Thus, research into benzoxazinoids as possible suppressors of prostate cancer is demanded. A pilot study was performed in which ten prostate cancer patients received a rye-enriched diet 1 week prior to prostatectomy. Plasma and urine samples were collected pre- and postintervention. Ten prostate biopsies were obtained from each patient and histologically evaluated. The biopsies exhibited concentrations above the detection limit of seven benzoxazinoids ranging from 0.15 to 10.59 ng/g tissue. An OPLS-DA analysis on histological and plasma concentrations of benzoxazinoids classified the subjects into two clusters. A tendency of higher benzoxazinoid concentrations toward the benign group encourages further investigations. Benzoxazinoids were quantified by an optimized LC-MS/MS method, and matrix effects were evaluated. At low concentrations in biopsy and plasma matrices the matrix effect was concentration-dependent and nonlinear. For the urine samples the general matrix effects were small but patient-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine K Steffensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hans A Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Claudia Jensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital , Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Helene H Pedersen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mette Borre
- Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital , Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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15
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Wouters FC, Blanchette B, Gershenzon J, Vassão DG. Plant defense and herbivore counter-defense: benzoxazinoids and insect herbivores. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 15:1127-1151. [PMID: 27932939 PMCID: PMC5106503 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are a class of indole-derived plant chemical defenses comprising compounds with a 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one skeleton and their derivatives. These phytochemicals are widespread in grasses, including important cereal crops such as maize, wheat and rye, as well as a few dicot species, and display a wide range of antifeedant, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and allelopathic activities. Although their overall effects against insect herbivores are frequently reported, much less is known about how their modes of action specifically influence insect physiology. The present review summarizes the biological activities of benzoxazinoids on chewing, piercing-sucking, and root insect herbivores. We show how within-plant distribution modulates the exposure of different herbivore feeding guilds to these defenses, and how benzoxazinoids may act as toxins, feeding deterrents and digestibility-reducing compounds under different conditions. In addition, recent results on the metabolism of benzoxazinoids by insects and their consequences for plant-herbivore interactions are addressed, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C. Wouters
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Blair Blanchette
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel G. Vassão
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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16
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Jensen BM, Adhikari KB, Schnoor HJ, Juel-Berg N, Fomsgaard IS, Poulsen LK. Quantitative analysis of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of benzoxazinoids in humans after the consumption of high- and low-benzoxazinoid diets with similar contents of cereal dietary fibres: a crossover study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:387-397. [PMID: 26519282 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are a group of wholegrain phytochemicals with potential pharmacological properties; however, limited information exists on their absorption, metabolism, and excretion in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent uptake and excretion of dietary BXs in a healthy population. METHODS Blood and urine were collected from 19 healthy participants from a crossover study after a washout, a LOW BX diet or HIGH BX diet, and analysed for 12 BXs and 4 phenoxazinone derivatives. RESULTS We found that the plasma BX level peaked approximately 3 h after food intake, whereas BXs in urine were present even at 36 h after consuming a meal. No phenoxazinone derivatives could be detected in either plasma or urine. The dominant BX metabolite in both plasma and urine was 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-Glc), even though 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA-Glc) was the major component in the diet. CONCLUSION The dietary BX treatment correlated well with the plasma and urine levels, illustrating strong dose-dependent BX absorption, which also had a rapid washout, especially from the plasma compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Jensen
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Heidi J Schnoor
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nanna Juel-Berg
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, dept. 22, 1. Floor, Hellerup, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
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17
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Damgaard D, Jensen BM, Palarasah Y, Nielsen MFB, Adhikari KB, Schnoor HJ, Juel-Berg N, Poulsen LK, Fomsgaard IS, Nielsen CH. Dietary exposure to benzoxazinoids enhances bacteria-induced monokine responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2190-8. [PMID: 26255794 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To examine potentially immunomodulating effects of dietary benzoxazinoids (BXs), present in cereal grains. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen healthy volunteers were randomly distributed into two groups, who received diets with high or low content of BXs for 3 wk. After a week's wash-out, the groups switched diets. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or tetanus toxoid (TT). PBMCs from a healthy donor received the same stimuli in presence of serum from each participant receiving BXs. The production of monokines, T-cell cytokines and T-helper cell proliferation were assessed. A 3-wk diet with high BX content enhanced IL-1β responses against LPS and P. gingivalis, as well as TNF-α response against P. gingivalis, after 24 h of stimulation. Moreover, IL-6 was found to be increased after 7 days of stimulation with LPS. No effect was observed on T-cell cytokines or proliferation. BX levels in serum after a single meal did not modify cytokine responses. CONCLUSION High dietary intake of BXs enhances bacteria-induced production of pro-inflammatory monokines by PBMCs, but not T-cell responses; presumably due to intrinsic changes within PBMCs, built up over 3 wk of BX-rich diet, rather than to an immediate effects of BXs contained in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Thrombosis Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Friberg Bruun Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nanna Juel-Berg
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Savolainen O, Pekkinen J, Katina K, Poutanen K, Hanhineva K. Glycosylated Benzoxazinoids Are Degraded during Fermentation of Wheat Bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5943-5949. [PMID: 26040909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are plant secondary metabolites found in whole grain cereal foods including bread. They are bioavailable and metabolized in humans, and therefore their potential bioactivity is of interest. However, effects of food processing on their content and structure are not yet studied. This study reports effects of bioprocessing on wheat bran benzoxazinoid content. Benzoxazinoid glycosides were completely degraded during fermentation, whereas metabolites of benzoxazinoid aglycones were formed. Fermentation conditions did not affect the conversion process, as both yeast and yeast/lactic acid bacteria mediated fermentations had generally similar impacts. Likewise, enzymatic treatment of the bioprocess samples did not affect the conversion, suggesting that these compounds most likely are freely bioavailable from the grain matrix and not linked to the cell wall polymers. Additionally, the results show that benzoxazinoids undergo structural conversion during the fermentation process, resulting in several unknown compounds that contribute to the phytochemical intake and necessitate further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Savolainen
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- §Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenna Pekkinen
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- #VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- #VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- †Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Adhikari KB, Tanwir F, Gregersen PL, Steffensen SK, Jensen BM, Poulsen LK, Nielsen CH, Høyer S, Borre M, Fomsgaard IS. Benzoxazinoids: Cereal phytochemicals with putative therapeutic and health-protecting properties. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1324-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariha Tanwir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | - Per L. Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
| | - Claus H. Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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20
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21
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Macías FA, Oliveros-Bastidas A, Marín D, Chinchilla N, Castellano D, Molinillo JMG. Evidence for an allelopathic interaction between rye and wild oats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9450-7. [PMID: 25233257 DOI: 10.1021/jf503840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon in which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. Allelopathy has been the subject of a great deal of research in chemical ecology since the 1930s. The characterization of the factors that influence this phenomenon has barely been explored, mainly due to the complexity of this area. The main aim of the research carried out to date has been to shed light on the importance of these interactions in agroecosystems, especially in relation to the interactions between crops and weeds. Herein we report the characterization of a complete allelochemical pathway involving benzoxazinones, which are known to participate in allelopathic plant defense interactions of several plants of high agronomic interest. The production of the defense chemicals by a donor plant (crop), the route and transformations of the chemicals released into the environment, and the uptake and phytotoxic effects on a target plant (weed) were all monitored. The results of this study, which is the first of its kind, allowed a complete dynamic characterization of the allelopathic phenomenon for benzoxazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), University of Cadiz , C/Avda. República Saharaui, no. 9, 11510 Puerto Real, (Cádiz), Spain
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22
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Hanhineva K, Keski-Rahkonen P, Lappi J, Katina K, Pekkinen J, Savolainen O, Timonen O, Paananen J, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K. The postprandial plasma rye fingerprint includes benzoxazinoid-derived phenylacetamide sulfates. J Nutr 2014; 144:1016-22. [PMID: 24812068 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.187237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of whole-grain rye-derived phytochemicals has not yet been comprehensively characterized, and different baking and manufacturing processes can modulate the phytochemical composition of breads and other rye products. The aim of our study was to find key differences in the phytochemical profile of plasma after the consumption of 3 breads containing rye bran when compared with a plain white wheat bread control. Plasma metabolite profiles of 12 healthy middle-aged men and women were analyzed using LC quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis while fasting and at 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, and 24 h after consuming a meal that contained either 100% whole-grain sourdough rye bread or white wheat bread enriched with native unprocessed rye bran or bioprocessed rye bran. White wheat bread was used as the control. The meals were served in random order after a 12-h overnight fast, with at least 3 d between each occasion. Two sulfonated phenylacetamides, hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide and N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide, potentially derived from the benzoxazinoid metabolites, were among the most discriminant postprandial plasma biomarkers distinguishing intake of breads containing whole-meal rye or rye bran from the control white wheat bread. Furthermore, subsequent metabolite profiling analysis of the consumed breads indicated that different bioprocessing/baking techniques involving exposure to microbial metabolism (e.g., sourdough fermentation) have a central role in modulating the phytochemical content of the whole-grain and bran-rich breads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenni Lappi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and
| | - Kati Katina
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland; and Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Oskari Timonen
- Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland; and
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23
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Scalbert A, Brennan L, Manach C, Andres-Lacueva C, Dragsted LO, Draper J, Rappaport SM, van der Hooft JJJ, Wishart DS. The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:1286-308. [PMID: 24760973 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The food metabolome is defined as the part of the human metabolome directly derived from the digestion and biotransformation of foods and their constituents. With >25,000 compounds known in various foods, the food metabolome is extremely complex, with a composition varying widely according to the diet. By its very nature it represents a considerable and still largely unexploited source of novel dietary biomarkers that could be used to measure dietary exposures with a high level of detail and precision. Most dietary biomarkers currently have been identified on the basis of our knowledge of food compositions by using hypothesis-driven approaches. However, the rapid development of metabolomics resulting from the development of highly sensitive modern analytic instruments, the availability of metabolite databases, and progress in (bio)informatics has made agnostic approaches more attractive as shown by the recent identification of novel biomarkers of intakes for fruit, vegetables, beverages, meats, or complex diets. Moreover, examples also show how the scrutiny of the food metabolome can lead to the discovery of bioactive molecules and dietary factors associated with diseases. However, researchers still face hurdles, which slow progress and need to be resolved to bring this emerging field of research to maturity. These limits were discussed during the First International Workshop on the Food Metabolome held in Glasgow. Key recommendations made during the workshop included more coordination of efforts; development of new databases, software tools, and chemical libraries for the food metabolome; and shared repositories of metabolomic data. Once achieved, major progress can be expected toward a better understanding of the complex interactions between diet and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Scalbert
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Claudine Manach
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - John Draper
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - David S Wishart
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
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24
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Andersson AA, Dimberg L, Åman P, Landberg R. Recent findings on certain bioactive components in whole grain wheat and rye. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Beckmann M, Lloyd AJ, Haldar S, Seal C, Brandt K, Draper J. Hydroxylated phenylacetamides derived from bioactive benzoxazinoids are bioavailable in humans after habitual consumption of whole grain sourdough rye bread. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1859-73. [PMID: 23681766 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Understanding relationships between dietary whole grain and health is hindered by incomplete knowledge of potentially bioactive metabolites derived from these foods. We aimed to discover compounds in urine correlated with changes in amounts of whole grain rye consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS After a wash-out period, volunteers consumed 48-g whole grain rye foods per day for 4 wk and then doubled their intake for a further 4 wk. Samples of 24-h urines were analyzed by flow infusion electrospray MS followed by supervised multivariate data analysis. Urine samples from participants who reported high intakes of rye flakes, rye pasta, or total whole grain rye products could not be discriminated adequately from their wash-out samples. However, discrimination was seen in urine samples from participants who reported high whole grain sourdough rye bread consumption. Accurate mass analysis of explanatory signals followed by fragmentation identified conjugates of the benzoxazinoid lactam 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and hydroxylated phenyl acetamide derivatives. Statistical validation showed sensitivities of 84-96% and specificities of 70-81% (p values < 0·05) for elevated concentrations of these signals after preferential whole grain sourdough rye bread consumption. CONCLUSION Several potentially bioactive alkaloids have been identified in humans consuming fermented whole grain sourdough rye bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Adhikari KB, Laursen BB, Gregersen PL, Schnoor HJ, Witten M, Poulsen LK, Jensen BM, Fomsgaard IS. Absorption and metabolic fate of bioactive dietary benzoxazinoids in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1847-58. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per L. Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | - Heidi J. Schnoor
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
| | - Marianne Witten
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
| | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
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Comparison of the levels of bioactive benzoxazinoids in different wheat and rye fractions and the transformation of these compounds in homemade foods. Food Chem 2013; 141:444-50. [PMID: 23768378 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are important phytochemicals found in wheat and rye that are associated with plant resistance against pathogens, and recent studies have emphasized the potential health-promoting role of these compounds i.e. anti-cancer, anti-allergy and anti-inflammation. Accordingly, an understanding of their distribution in seeds and the effect of different processing techniques on their transformation will be helpful in identifying the mechanisms of their production and distribution and will support the on-going efforts to utilize these compounds in health-promoting food products. The analysis of seed fractions obtained from the milling of wheat and rye showed significantly higher concentrations of these bioactive compounds in the germ than in the other fractions, i.e. the bran and endosperm. Di-hexoses of 2,4-dihydroxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA-glc-hexose) and 2-hydroxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-glc-hexose) were the predominant compounds found in the different wheat and rye seed fractions followed by DIBOA-glc and DIBOA. The soaking and boiling of three rye-based breakfast cereals resulted in considerable changes in the benzoxazinoid contents. The soaking of pearled rye promoted the conversion of DIBOA-glc-hexose into DIBOA-glc. When these cereals were boiled, the increase in the DIBOA-glc content was much lower than that observed for soaking. For rye flakes, the pattern of these benzoxazinoids was different from that in pearled rye seeds. A considerable amount of the benzoxazinoids was also leached into the water during soaking or boiling. This study contributes to the understanding of the underlying processes involved in the biochemical changes of benzoxazinoids and will be the basis for future studies on other food-processing techniques.
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Bondia-Pons I, Barri T, Hanhineva K, Juntunen K, Dragsted LO, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K. UPLC-QTOF/MS metabolic profiling unveils urinary changes in humans after a whole grain rye versus refined wheat bread intervention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:412-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bondia-Pons
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; Food and Health Research Centre; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie Espoo Finland
| | - Thaer Barri
- Institute of Human Nutrition; Exercise and Sports; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; Food and Health Research Centre; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
| | - Katri Juntunen
- Health Care Unit; City of Kuopio Health Care Services; Suokatu Kuopio Finland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Institute of Human Nutrition; Exercise and Sports; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; Food and Health Research Centre; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition; Food and Health Research Centre; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Campus; Kuopio Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Tietotie Espoo Finland
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Adhikari KB, Lærke HN, Mortensen AG, Fomsgaard IS. Plasma and urine concentrations of bioactive dietary benzoxazinoids and their glucuronidated conjugates in rats fed a rye bread-based diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11518-11524. [PMID: 23113707 DOI: 10.1021/jf301737n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thorough knowledge of the absorption and metabolism of dietary benzoxazinoids is needed to understand their health-promoting effects. In this study, the fates of these bioactive compounds were examined by LC-MS/MS in plasma, urine, and feces after ingesting a daily dose of 4780 ± 68 nmol benzoxazinoids from rye bread using Wistar rats as a model. HBOA-glc (2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) was the predominant benzoxazinoid in the plasma (74 ± 27 nmol/L), followed by DIBOA-glc (2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and HBOA. The total level of benzoxazinoids in the urine was 1176 ± 66 nmol/d, which corresponds to approximately 25% of the total dietary intake. The urinary benzoxazinoid profile differed from that of plasma with HBOA-glc and DIBOA-glc (647 ± 31 and 466 ± 33 nmol/d, respectively) as the major urinary components. The glucuronide conjugates of HBOA and DIBOA were detected in both the plasma and urine. N-dehydroxylation was found to be a critical step in the absorption of hydroxamic acids. This unprecedented study will trigger future interest in the biological effects of benzoxazinoids in whole grain rye and wheat diets in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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In vitro microbiotic fermentation causes an extensive metabolite turnover of rye bran phytochemicals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39322. [PMID: 22745732 PMCID: PMC3380017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut hosts a microbial community which actively contributes to the host metabolism and has thus remarkable effect on our health. Intestinal microbiota is known to interact remarkably with the dietary constituents entering the colon, causing major metabolic conversions prior to absorption. To investigate the effect of microbial metabolism on the phytochemical pool of rye bran, we applied an in vitro simulated colonic fermentation where samples were collected with intervals and analyzed by LC-MS based non-targeted metabolite profiling. The analyses revealed extensive metabolic turnover on the phytochemical composition of the bran samples, and showed effects on all the metabolite classes detected. Furthermore, the majority of the metabolites, both the precursors and the conversion products, remained unidentified indicating that there are numerous yet unknown phytochemicals, which can potentially affect on our health. This underlines the importance of comprehensive profiling assays and subsequent detailed molecular investigations in order to clarify the effect of microbiota on phytochemicals present in our everyday diet.
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