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Determination of 14 Isoflavone Isomers in Natto by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Antioxidation and Antiglycation Profiles. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152229. [PMID: 35892813 PMCID: PMC9332870 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natto is a famous traditional fermented food, but the influence of the fermentation process on the content and composition of soybean isoflavones and nutritional value is still unclear. In the present study, the variation in soybean isoflavones during fermentation by Bacillus subtilis natto was revealed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS (Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry) analysis. After 24 h of fermentation, the total isoflavone content in natto increased by 1.62 times compared with fresh soybean, and the content of aglycones was 3.07 times that of raw beans. More importantly, among 14 isoflavone isomers identified in natto, the isomers of daidzin, genistin, and succinyl genistin were detected for the first time, which might be due to the result of isomerase and succinylase and other corresponding enzymes’ action in Bacillus subtilis. In addition, natto isoflavones performed great antioxidant activity than its monomer components (glycosides daidzin and genistin, aglycones genistein and daidzein), except for genistein. Moreover, natto isoflavone and its aglycones (especially genistein) performed great inhibitory activity against AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products) in three in vitro models. The mechanism test showed that genistein could form adducts (UPLC-Q-TOF-ESI-MS/MS analysis) with methylglyoxal. These findings demonstrated that soybean fermented with Bacillus subtilis natto had a significant influence on the isoflavone profiles and its bioactivity.
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Li C, Xu T, Liu XW, Wang X, Xia T. The expression of β-glucosidase during natto fermentation increased the active isoflavone content. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Traipop S, Chuanuwatanakul S, Chailapakul O, Punrat E. Facile and Fast Detection of Genistein in Derris scandens by Square Wave Voltammetry using a Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine-Modified Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180521091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Recently, Derris scandens, a Thai herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory
activity, is widely used as beverage and supplementary food. When the traditional medicine is a
choice for health therapy, the simple and reliable equipment is required to control the suitable consuming
amount of the active component.
Objective:
To develop the electrochemical sensor for genistein determination in Derris scandens with
high sensitivity and rapid operation.
Methods:
An in-house screen-printed electrochemical sensor consisting of a three-electrode system
was developed for genistein determination. A silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode, a
carbon counter electrode and a carbon working electrode were prepared on a 0.3-mm-thick plastic
substrate by the screen-printing technique using conductive ink. The dimensions of each sensor were
2.5×1.0 cm. Only 50 µL of sample solution was required on this device for the determination of
genistein concentration by rapid response square wave voltammetry.
Results:
The oxidation peak of genistein appeared with good response in acidic media at a peak potential
of 0.6 V. Moreover, the signal was enhanced by modifying the conductive carbon ink with cobalt(
II) phthalocyanine. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range was found to be 2.5-150 µM
and the detection limit was 1.5 µM. Moreover, the small volume extraction was successfully developed
without any further pre-concentration. This proposed method was applied to determine genistein
in Derris scandens with satisfying results.
Conclusion:
The proposed method is promising as an alternative method for genistein determination
with facile and fast analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinya Traipop
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellent, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Chuanuwatanakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellent, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellent, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakkasit Punrat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mornar A, Buhač T, Klarić DA, Klarić I, Sertić M, Nigović B. Multi-targeted Screening of Phytoestrogens in Food, Raw Material, and Dietary Supplements by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yanaka K, Higuchi M, Ishimi Y. Anti-Osteoporotic Effect of Soy Isoflavones Intake on Low Bone Mineral Density Caused by Voluntary Exercise and Food Restriction in Mature Female Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:335-342. [PMID: 31474683 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Female athlete triad (FAT) is an interrelationship between menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability with or without eating disorder, and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in female athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether isoflavone intake can prevent bone loss caused by voluntary wheel running under energy-restricted condition. We used a female rat model of osteoporosis for female athletes established previously. Fourteen female Sprague-Dawley rats (8-wk old) were fed ad libitum and had free access to wheels throughout the study. At 18 wk of age, the rats were divided randomly into the following groups: 1) running control (RC), 2) running energy restriction (RR), and 3) running energy restriction and isoflavone-fed (RR+Iso) groups. The RR group was 30% dietary restricted. The RR+Iso group was 30% dietary restricted and fed the diet containing 0.5% isoflavone powder (Fujiflavone P40). The experimental period lasted 31 wk. At the end of this experiment, BMD of the proximal femur in the RR group was significantly lower than that in the RC group. However, the BMD in the RR+Iso group was not significantly different from that in the RC group. Moreover, the plasma estradiol (E2) level in the RR and RR+Iso groups was significantly lower than that in the RC group. These findings suggest that isoflavone intake inhibited bone loss when the E2 level was low in female mature rat model. Our findings may reveal the possible novel role of isoflavone in osteoporosis among female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yanaka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
- Kushiro Sanjikai Hospital
| | | | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- National Institutes of Biochemical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Bustamante-Rangel M, Delgado-Zamarreño MM, Pérez-Martín L, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Domínguez-Álvarez J. Analysis of Isoflavones in Foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:391-411. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Bustamante-Rangel
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - María Milagros Delgado-Zamarreño
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Lara Pérez-Martín
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Encarnación Rodríguez-Gonzalo
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez-Álvarez
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
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Simultaneous Determination of Daidzein, Genistein and Formononetin in Coffee by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. SEPARATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/separations4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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8
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Liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for determination of isoflavones in soy standard reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:949-960. [PMID: 27832301 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two independent analytical approaches, based on liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, have been developed for determination of isoflavones in soy materials. These two methods yield comparable results for a variety of soy-based foods and dietary supplements. Four Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) have been produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to assist the food and dietary supplement community in method validation and have been assigned values for isoflavone content using both methods. These SRMs include SRM 3234 Soy Flour, SRM 3236 Soy Protein Isolate, SRM 3237 Soy Protein Concentrate, and SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. A fifth material, SRM 3235 Soy Milk, was evaluated using the methods and found to be inhomogeneous for isoflavones and unsuitable for value assignment. Graphical Abstract Separation of six isoflavone aglycones and glycosides found in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3236 Soy Protein Isolate.
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Kuligowski M, Pawłowska K, Jasińska-Kuligowska I, Nowak J. Isoflavone composition, polyphenols content and antioxidative activity of soybean seeds during tempeh fermentation. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1197316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Almeida IMC, Rodrigues F, Sarmento B, Alves RC, Oliveira MBPP. Isoflavones in food supplements: chemical profile, label accordance and permeability study in Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:938-46. [PMID: 25653232 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumers nowadays are playing an active role in their health-care. A special case is the increasing number of women, who are reluctant to use exogenous hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and are looking for complementary therapies. However, food supplements are not clearly regulated in Europe. The EFSA has only recently begun to address the issues of botanical safety and purity regulation, leading to a variability of content, standardization, dosage, and purity of available products. In this study, isoflavones (puerarin, daidzin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, formononetin, prunetin, and biochanin A) from food supplements (n = 15) for menopausal symptoms relief are evaluated and compared with the labelled information. Only four supplements complied with the recommendations made by the EC on the tolerable thresholds. The intestinal bioavailability of these compounds was investigated using Caco-2 cells. The apparent permeability coefficients of the selected isoflavonoids across the Caco-2 cells were affected by the isoflavone concentration and product matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M C Almeida
- REQUIMTE - Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Ahmad A, Ramasamy K, Majeed ABA, Mani V. Enhancement of β-secretase inhibition and antioxidant activities of tempeh, a fermented soybean cake through enrichment of bioactive aglycones. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:758-66. [PMID: 25756802 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.942791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Soybean and its fermented products are the most common source of isoflavones in human food. OBJECTIVE The present study quantifies the major glycosides and aglycones in soybean and its fermented product tempeh isoflavone extracts. The comparision of antioxidant effects and BACE1 inhibitory activity between the isoflavones of soybean and tempeh were also established. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein (aglycones), and their sugar conjugates (glycosides) daidzin and genistin in soybean and tempeh isoflavones were quantified using HPLC analysis. Comparative studies on BACE 1 (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 or β-secretase 1) inhibition and free-radical scavenging activities (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion chelating ability) were conducted. RESULTS The amount of actives (mg/100 g) in soybean isoflavone compared with tempeh isoflavone is as follows: daidzein 16.72 mg/100 g versus 38.91 mg/100 g, genistein 11.10 mg/100 g versus 24.03 mg/100 g, daidzin 6.16 mg/100 g versus 0.69 mg/100 g, and genistin 24.61 mg/100 g versus 6.57 mg/100 g. The IC50 values of soybean and tempeh isoflavones against BACE1 were 10.87 and 5.47 mg/ml, respectively. The tempeh isoflavone had a more potent DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.67 mg/ml) than the soybean isoflavone (IC50 = 10 mg/ml). The ferrous ion chelating ability of the isoflavones was practically similar (IC50 = 10.40 mg/ml, soybean and 11.13 mg/ml, tempeh). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study indicates that tempeh is a healthy supplement to alleviate oxidative stress through the enrichment of aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia and
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Ganzera M. Supercritical fluid chromatography for the separation of isoflavones. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:364-9. [PMID: 25656487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The first protocol for the analysis of isoflavones by supercritical fluid chromatography is reported. Optimum results were obtained on an Acquity UPC(2) BEH 1.7 μm column, using a solvent gradient of supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol (with phosphoric acid as additive) for elution. The method enables the baseline separation of nine isoflavones (aglyca and glycosides) in 8 min, and is suitable for their quantitative determination in dietary supplements containing soy (Glycine max), red glover (Trifolium pratense) and kudzu (Pueraria lobata). Method validation confirmed that the assay is selective, linear (R(2)≥0.9994), accurate (recovery rates from 97.6 to 102.4%), as well as precise on the short- and long-term level (intra-day precision ≤2.1%), and shows an on-column detection limit of 0.2 ng and below. This, together with an excellent performance shown in the analysis of real samples, indicates that SFC is well suited for the fast and accurate determination of isoflavones in complex matrices. Disadvantages compared to the established approaches were not observed, so that SFC has to be considered in this case as an (at least) equivalent analytical alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, CCB, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhang S, Chen G, Chu J, Wu B, He B. High production of succinyl isoflavone glycosides by Bacillus licheniformis ZSP01 resting cells in aqueous miscible organic medium. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:255-9. [PMID: 24919721 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To achieve efficient production of succinyldaidzin and succinylgenistin, resting cells of a solvent-stable strain Bacillus licheniformis ZSP01 were used to react with pure isoflavones or soybean flour extract in a reaction medium with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. Strikingly, 0.8 mM daidzein, 0.8 mM genistein, 2.0 mM daidzin, and 2.0 mM genistin were transformed to succinyl isoflavone glycosides in 27 H (yield >90%). The soybean flour extract (6.1%, w/v) contained 0.32 mM daidzein, 0.84 mM daidzin, 0.38 mM genistein, and 1.04 mM genistin. Over 95% of total isoflavones (daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin) in the soybean flour extract were converted to succinyl isoflavone glycosides after 27 H. Strain ZSP01 shows both high glycosylation and succinylation activities. These results suggest that B. licheniformis ZSP01 could be useful for the efficient production of succinyl soybean isoflavone glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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López-Gutiérrez N, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL. Identification and quantification of the main isoflavones and other phytochemicals in soy based nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1348:125-36. [PMID: 24835762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific phytochemicals composition of soy nutritional supplements is usually not labelled. Hence, 12 dietary supplements were analyzed in order to detect and identify the main phytochemicals present in these samples, using a database containing 60 compounds. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to single-stage Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) has been used. Two consecutive extractions, using as extraction solvent a mixture of methanol:water (80:20, v/v), were employed, followed by two dilutions (10 or 100 times depending on the concentration of the components in the sample) with a mixture of an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate 30mM:methanol (50:50, v/v). The method was validated, obtaining adequate recovery and precision values. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were calculated, ranging from 2 to 150μgL(-1). Isoflavones were the predominant components present in the analyzed supplements with values higher than 93% of the total amount of phytochemicals in all cases. The aglycones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein and biochanin A) as well as their three conjugated forms, β-glucosides (genistin, daizin and glycitin) were detected and quantified, being daidzein the isoflavone detected at higher concentration in 8 out of 12 samples reported, with values ranging from 684 to 35,970mgkg(-1), whereas biochanin A was detected at very low concentrations, ranging from 18 to 50mgkg(-1). Moreover, other phytochemicals as flavones, flavonols, flavanones and phenolic acids were also detected and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
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