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Du M, Gong M, Wu G, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) vs Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Comprehensive Review of Potential Advantages in Molecular Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Production Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5503-5525. [PMID: 38442367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively characterized due to its many biological activities and health benefits, but conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) is still not well understood. However, CLnA has shown to be more effective than CLA as a potential functional food ingredient. Current research has not thoroughly investigated the differences and advantages between CLnA and CLA. This article compares CLnA and CLA based on molecular characteristics, including structural, chemical, and metabolic characteristics. Then, the in vivo research evidence of CLnA on various health benefits is comprehensively reviewed and compared with CLA in terms of effectiveness and mechanism. Furthermore, the potential of CLnA in production technology and product protection is analyzed. In general, CLnA and CLA have similar physicochemical properties of conjugated molecules and share many similarities in regulation effects and pathways of various health benefits as well as in the production methods. However, their specific properties, regulatory capabilities, and unique mechanisms are different. The superior potential of CLnA must be specified according to the practical application patterns of isomers. Future research should focus more on the advantageous characteristics of different isomers, especially the effectiveness and safety in clinical applications in order to truly exert the potential value of CLnA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Iriti G, Bonacci S, Lopreiato V, Frisina M, Oliverio M, Procopio A. Functional Compounds of Cold-Pressed Pomegranate Seed Oil: Fatty Acids and Phytosterols Profile as Quality Biomarkers for Origin Discrimination. Foods 2023; 12:2599. [PMID: 37444338 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-pressed pomegranate seed oil (PSO) is a product of the extraction of non-edible pomegranate seeds. Its unique chemical composition in terms of both polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially punicic acid (PA), and secondary metabolites, such as phytosterols, tocopherols and phenols, make it an interesting functional ingredient for food enrichment. It is not clear if the biomarkers profile of PSO depends to factors connected to the geographical origin of seeds. This work presents a statistical comparative analysis, concerning biomolecules composition and geographical origin of 32 commercial cold-pressed PSOs, performed by principal component analysis. The study discriminates between Turkish and Italian PSOs, on the base of the fatty acid profile and phytosterols, and not on the tocopherols and phenols. These results confirmed PA as the main characteristic biomarker of oil genuineness and, for the first time, disclosed a statistically relevant variability of phytosterols, which can be proposed as quality biomarkers for discrimination of geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Iriti
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Marialaura Frisina
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Du M, Jin J, Wu G, Jin Q, Wang X. Metabolic, structure-activity characteristics of conjugated linolenic acids and their mediated health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8203-8217. [PMID: 37021469 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2198006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) is a mixture of octadecenoic acid with multiple positional and geometric isomers (including four 9, 11, 13-C18:3 isomers and three 8, 10, 12-C18:3 isomers) that is mainly present in plant seeds. In recent years, CLnA has shown many promising health benefits with the deepening of research, but the metabolic characteristics, physiological function differences and mechanisms of different isomers are relatively complex. In this article, the metabolic characteristics of CLnA were firstly reviewed, with focus on its conversion, catabolism and anabolism. Then the possible mechanisms of CLnA exerting biological effects were summarized and analyzed from its own chemical and physical characteristics, as well as biological receptor targeting characteristics. In addition, the differences and mechanisms of different isomers of CLnA in anticancer, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory physiological functions were compared and summarized. The current results show that the position and cis-trans conformation of conjugated structure endow CLnA with unique physical and chemical properties, which also makes different isomers have commonalities and particularities in the regulation of metabolism and physiological functions. Corresponding the metabolic characteristics of different isomers with precise nutrition strategy will help them to play a better role in disease prevention and treatment. CLnA has the potential to be developed into food functional components and dietary nutritional supplements. The advantages and mechanisms of different CLnA isomers in the clinical management of specific diseases need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Du
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Pomegranate Seed Oil as a Source of Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) Has No Effect on Atherosclerosis Development but Improves Lipid Profile and Affects the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in apoE/LDLR -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021737. [PMID: 36675252 PMCID: PMC9863817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) (cis-9,trans-11,cis-13; punicic acid) compared to linolenic acid (LnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (cis-9,trans-11) in apoE/LDLR-/- mice. In the LONG experiment, 10-week old mice were fed for the 18 weeks. In the SHORT experiment, 18-week old mice were fed for the 10 weeks. Diets were supplied with seed oils equivalent to an amount of 0.5% of studied fatty acids. In the SHORT experiment, plasma TCh and LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in animals fed CLnA and CLA compared to the Control. The expression of PPARα in liver was four-fold increased in CLnA group in the SHORT experiment, and as a consequence the expression of its target gene ACO was three-fold increased, whereas the liver's expression of SREBP-1 and FAS were decreased in CLnA mice only in the LONG experiment. Punicic acid and CLA isomers were determined in the adipose tissue and liver in animals receiving pomegranate seed oil. In both experiments, there were no effects on the area of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic roots. However, in the SHORT experiment, the area of atherosclerosis in the entire aorta in the CLA group compared to CLnA and LnA was significantly decreased. In conclusion, CLnA improved the lipid profile and affected the lipid metabolism gene expression, but did not have the impact on the development of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE/LDLR-/- mice.
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Yuan G, Tan M, Chen X. Punicic acid ameliorates obesity and liver steatosis by regulating gut microbiota composition in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:7897-7908. [PMID: 34241611 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of punicic acid (PUA, cis9,trans11,cis13-18 : 3) on obesity and liver steatosis in mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD), and to explore the possible mechanism. Mice were fed with either a HFD or a control diet for 8 weeks. Half of HFD-mice received daily supplementation of PUA. Supplementation with PUA ameliorated the liver steatosis and obesity in mice fed by HFD, as demonstrated by the decreased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, body weight gain and fat weight. A HFD increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, whereas supplementation with PUA effectively restored it. PUA supplementation counteracted the upregulation in family Desulfovibrionaceae and Helicobacteraceae, and the downregulation in Muribaculaceae and Bacteroidaceae induced by HFD. Correspondingly, the family of Desulfovibrionaceae was positively related, whereas Muribaculaceae was negatively related to the amount of epididymal and perirenal fat, and the level of liver triglyceride and total cholesterol. The family Helicobacteraceae was also positively related to the amount of epididymal and perirenal fat. Moreover, PUA supplementation counteracted the increase in the population of Anaerotruncus, Faecalibaculim, Mucispirillum, and the decrease in the population of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Oscillibacter at the genus level induced by HFD. These results demonstrated that PUA can at least in part ameliorate obesity and liver steatosis in mice induced by HFD by regulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Ge S, Duo L, Wang J, Yang J, Li Z, Tu Y. A unique understanding of traditional medicine of pomegranate, Punica granatum L. and its current research status. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113877. [PMID: 33515685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pomegranate, Punica granatum L., has been used in traditional medicine in China and several regions of the world including Ayurveda, Islamic, and Persian for the treatment of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and several types of cancer, as well as for peptic ulcer and oral diseases for hundreds of years. Presently, pomegranate is treated as both a "medicine food homology" herbal medicine and a healthy food supplemental product. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work is to develop an overview of pomegranate in the context of the status of its traditional medicine theories, the spread along the Silk Road, ethnopharmacological uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and the involved pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on P. granatum L. was acquired from published materials, including monographs on medicinal plants, ancient and modern recorded classical texts; and pharmacopoeias and electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang Data). RESULTS Pomegranate has been used in many traditional medical systems throughout history. It is widely cultivated in Central Asia and spread throughout China along the Silk Road. Many phytochemicals, such as tannins, organic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and volatile oils have been identified from different parts of pomegranate, these compounds have a wide range of activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-oncogenic properties, as well as conferring resistance to cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, A summary of the four promising pharmacological pathways is provided. CONCLUSIONS The traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and signaling pathways of pomegranate are summarized comprehensively in the review. It can be treated as a guidance for the future clinical and basic research. The information provided in this review will be very useful for further studies to develop novel therapeutic directions for application of pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Ge
- Medical Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China; Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Duo
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Ya Tu
- Medical Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China; Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Li A, Wang N, Li N, Li B, Yan F, Song Y, Hou J, Huo G. Modulation effect of chenpi extract on gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13541. [PMID: 33570789 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study employed high-fat diet (HFD) induced murine model to assess the relationship between the lipid-lowering effect of aged citrus peel (chenpi) extract and the alterations of gut microbiota. The results showed that intake of chenpi extract for 12 week dose-dependently suppressed HFD-induced body weight, food intake, Lee's index, together with decreased the level of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, chenpi extract administration up-regulated the abundance and diversity of fecal microbiota and down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes, which was characterized by the lower family of Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae, and higher family of Bacteroidales_S24-7, Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Consistently, at the genus levels, chenpi extract treatment reversed the expansions of Helicobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Desulfovibrio, while increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Alistipes (belonging to Rikenellaceae family), Anaerotruncus and Odoribacter (belonging to Ruminococcaceae family), which were significantly negatively correlated with the levels of the serum lipid parameters. In conclusion, our findings indicated that anti-obesity ability of chenpi extract might be related to the improvement of gut microbiota imbalance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes has increased significantly, and it has become a public health problem that seriously affects the health of the people. Chenpi contains a large amount of active ingredients, flavonoids, and other compounds, which can promote the absorption of the digestive system and have good effects on diseases such as the cardiovascular system. Our previous study has confirmed that the chenpi extract effectively regulated the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder induced by high-fat diet. However, it is not clear whether the effect is closely related to the improvement of gut microbiota. Accordingly, our result would provide a theoretical basis for future research on the relationship between obesity, chenpi extract, and gut microbiota, and support additional understanding of its potential anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fenfen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Song
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Evaluation of green extraction processes, lipid composition and antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed oil. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Almeida JA, Santana HAP, Motta-Santos D, Nogueira ME, Silva KKS, Miotto H, Medeiros CS, Faria-Ravagnani CC, Voltarelli FA, Guimarães RDCA. High-Protein Diet Associated with Bocaiuva Supplementation Decreases Body Fat and Improves Glucose Tolerance in Resistance-Trained Rats. J Med Food 2019; 23:258-265. [PMID: 31464557 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely used for health and performance. However, the combination of whey protein and natural foods (i.e., fruits) is still unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of supplemental HPD with Bocaiuva (Acrocomia sp.) in metabolic and body composition parameters of rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Wistar rats (203.3 ± 30 g) were randomly allocated to five groups: normoproteic control (CON, n = 5), sedentary high-protein (SH, n = 5), RT + H (trained high-protein [TH], n = 5), sedentary+Bocaiuva (SH+B, n = 4), and RT+Bocaiuva (TH+B, n = 4) diet groups. After 12 weeks of RT, the maximal strength increased in both trained groups (P < .05). The TH + B group had lower values of adiposity index (AI) (3.8 ± 0.7% vs. 6.8 ± 1.3%) and visceral fat (0.038 ± 0.004 g/g vs. 0.067 ± 0.012 g/g) compared with the SH group, respectively (P < .05). The other groups did not show differences in values of AI (CON, 5.4 ± 1.6%, TH, 5.4 ± 1.3%, and SH+B, 5.5 ± 1.2%). In addition, the fasting glucose of trained groups (TH, 106.0 ± 4.5, and TH+B, 100.4 ± 13.5 dL/mg) was significantly lower when compared with controls (SH, 120.0 ± 14.4, and SH+B, 119 ± 6.4 dL/mg) (P < .05). Bocaiuva combined with an HPD reduced visceral fat and AI in addition to improving glucose tolerance of rats submitted to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeser A Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre P Santana
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Graduate Program in Sports Science, Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Murilo E Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Keemilyn Karla S Silva
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Miotto
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Claudia S Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Christianne C Faria-Ravagnani
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Voltarelli
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia A Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Teh HE, Yokoyama WH, German JB, McHugh TH, Pan Z. Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Expeller-Pressed and Solvent-Extracted Fruit Seed Oils and Defatted Pomegranate Seed Meals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6150-6159. [PMID: 31117552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumptions of fruit seed oils and meals could potentially improve cardiovascular health by reducing plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The study objective was to compare the effectiveness of expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted grape, tomato, pomegranate seed oils, and defatted pomegranate meals in lowering plasma and hepatic cholesterol using hamster models. Hamsters were fed with fruit seed oils (FSO), defatted pomegranate seed meals (PDM), or control diets. After a 3-week feeding period, plasma total triglycerides of treatment diets were significantly lower. FSO also reduced total, very-low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL), and LDL-cholesterols, while PDM only lowered VLDL-cholesterols. Decreases in low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) ratios were also observed in most treatments. In liver, triglycerides, total, and free cholesterol levels did not vary between control and treatments. There were no significant differences in lipid modulating properties between solvent-extracted and expeller-pressed oils. In conclusion, partial replacements of saturated fat in high-fat diets with tomato, pomegranate, and grape seed oils could effectively reduce plasma triglyceride levels and improve HDL/LDL ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wallace H Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | | | - Tara H McHugh
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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11
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Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Alivand M, Hamishehkar H, Mobasseri M, Ebrahimzadeh V, Alipour M, Alipour B. Effect of pomegranate seed oil supplementation on the GLUT-4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19621-19628. [PMID: 30945297 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormality in glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) function and insulin secretion are the main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs, nowadays, nutraceuticals have been of much interest to investigators. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on the GLUT-4 gene expression and glycemic control in obese people with T2DM. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 52 obese type 2 diabetic patients for 8 weeks in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018. Patients were divided into the intervention group (n = 26; who consumed daily three capsules containing 1 g PSO) and the placebo group (n = 26; the same amounts paraffin). GLUT-4 gene expression and glycemic indices were evaluated by standard methods. GLUT-4 gene expression was increased significantly in the PSO group. Within-group changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were significant in the PSO group. After adjusting the age, gender, and baseline values, FBS was significantly decreased. Insulin concentration, HbA1C, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β did not manifest significant changes. PSO increased the GLUT-4 gene expression in diabetic patients without any side effects. However, future clinical studies are needed to confirm the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Talented Student Center, Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrinology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahide Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mahdiye Alipour
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Beitollah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Białek M, Białek A, Lepionka T, Paśko P, Galanty A, Tokarz A, Czauderna M. Punica granatum
(Pomegranate) Seed Oil and
Momordica charantia
(Bitter Melon) Extract Affect the Lipid's Profile and Oxidative Stability of Femoral Muscles of Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of SciencesInstytucka 305‐110JabłonnaPoland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of BromatologyMedical University of WarsawBanacha 102‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- Department of BromatologyMedical University of WarsawBanacha 102‐097WarsawPoland
- Laboratory of HygieneFood and NutritionMilitary Institute of Hygiene and EpidemiologyKozielska 401‐001WarsawPoland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and NutritionMedical CollegeJagiellonian UniversityMedyczna 930‐688KrakówPoland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of PharmacognosyMedical CollegeJagiellonian UniversityMedyczna 930‐688KrakówPoland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of BromatologyMedical University of WarsawBanacha 102‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of SciencesInstytucka 305‐110JabłonnaPoland
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13
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Kiwifruit seed oil prevents obesity by regulating inflammation, thermogenesis, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Qu L, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Liu D, Zhang C, Fan D, Deng J, Yang H. Kiwifruit seed oil ameliorates inflammation and hepatic fat metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Alivand M, Alipour B. Punicic acid: A potential compound of pomegranate seed oil in Type 2 diabetes mellitus management. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2112-2120. [PMID: 30317607 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the most common form of the disease, has become a serious threat to public health and is a growing burden on global economies. Due to the unexpected adverse effects of antidiabetic medicines, the use of nutraceuticals as a complementary therapy has drawn extensive attention by investigators. In this issue, a novel nutraceutical, Punicic acid (PA)-the main ingredient of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) that has potential therapeutic effects in T2DM-has been investigated. PA is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, and unlike synthetic ligands, such as thiazolidinediones, it has no side effects. PA exerts antidiabetic effects via various mechanisms, such as reducing inflammatory cytokines, modulating glucose homeostasis, and antioxidant properties. In this review, we discussed the potential therapeutic effects of PSO and PA and represented the related mechanisms involved in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Nutrition Research Center, Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Nutrition Research Center, Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Maraghe, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Beitollah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Adu‐Frimpong M, Omari‐Siaw E, Mukhtar YM, Xu X, Yu J. Formulation of Pomegranate Seed Oil: A Promising Approach of Improving Stability and Health‐Promoting Properties. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adu‐Frimpong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu University301 Xuefu Road, 212001ZhenjiangChina
| | - Emmanuel Omari‐Siaw
- Dr. E. Omari‐SiawDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesKumasi Technical UniversityKumasiGhana
| | - Yusif Mohammed Mukhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu University301 Xuefu Road, 212001ZhenjiangChina
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu University301 Xuefu Road, 212001ZhenjiangChina
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue EngineeringJiangsu University301 Xuefu Road, 212001ZhenjiangChina
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17
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Ghorbanzadeh R, Rezaei K. Optimization of an Aqueous Extraction Process for Pomegranate Seed Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Białek A, Stawarska A, Bodecka J, Białek M, Tokarz A. Pomegranate seed oil influences the fatty acids profile and reduces the activity of desaturases in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:9-16. [PMID: 28559164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the influence of diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil - as conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) source, or conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and to examine the mechanism of their activity. The content of fatty acids, levels of biomarkers of lipids' oxidation and the activity of key enzymes catalyzing lipids metabolism were measured. Obtained results revealed that conjugated fatty acids significantly decrease the activity of Δ5-desaturase (p=0.0001) and Δ6-desaturase (p=0.0008) and pomegranate seed oil reduces their activity in the most potent way. We confirmed that diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil - a rich source of punicic acid leads to the increase of cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in livers (p=0.0003). Lack of side effects and beneficial influence on desaturases activity and fatty acids profile claim pomegranate seed oil to become interesting alternative for CLA as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bodecka
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Faghihimani Z, Mirmiran P, Sohrab G, Iraj B, Faghihimani E. Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Metabolic State of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:124. [PMID: 27994825 PMCID: PMC5139452 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.194883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus is a serious health concern in the world. New data determined that the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is chronic low-grade inflammation, resulting insulin resistance. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has anti-inflammatory effects; though it may reduce insulin resistance and improve glycemia in diabetes mellitus. The present study has been designed to investigate the effects of PSO as a natural dietary component on metabolic state of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In a randomized double-blind clinical trial study, 80 patients (28 men) with Type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group consumed PSO capsules, containing 1000 mg PSO twice daily (2000 mg PSO), whereas controls take placebo for 8 weeks. The participants followed their previous dietary patterns and medication use. Dietary factors and metabolic factors including lipid profile, fasting plasma sugar, and insulin and were assayed at the baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS Participants in two intervention and control group were similar regarding anthropometric and the dietary factors at baseline and after trial (P > 0.05). Mean level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein was not different significantly between groups after trial (P > 0.05). Consumption of PSO did not significantly affect the levels of parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HbA1c, alanine transferase, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of 2000mg PSO per day for 8 weeks had no effect on FBS, insulin resistance and lipid profile in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Faghihimani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Iraj
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Faghihimani
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Białek A, Jelińska M, Tokarz A, Pergół A, Pinkiewicz K. Influence of pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon aqueous extract on polyunsaturated fatty acids and their lipoxygenase metabolites concentration in serum of rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 126:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Mollazadeh H, Sadeghnia HR, Hoseini A, Farzadnia M, Boroushaki MT. Effects of pomegranate seed oil on oxidative stress markers, serum biochemical parameters and pathological findings in kidney and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1256-66. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1207053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Aruna P, Venkataramanamma D, Singh AK, Singh RP. Health Benefits of Punicic Acid: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:16-27. [PMID: 33371578 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Punicic acid (PA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3 n-5), which is classified as a conjugated linolenic acid. PA is also referred as a "super CLnA" whose effect is even more potent than that of an ordinary CLnA. It is found mainly in the seeds of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) and Trichoxanthes kirilowii and some other minor sources. It possesses a wide array of biological properties including antidiabetic, antiobesity, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic activity against various forms of cancer. In spite of this, PA has not been explored as a nutraceutical or as an ingredient of food products which can be aimed at specific consumer target groups. This review details the various health-beneficial properties of PA and explores the possibilities of its utilization as an active ingredient in various food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aruna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - D Venkataramanamma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - R P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
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23
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Yuan G, Chen X, Li D. Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by conjugated fatty acid in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1883-1895. [PMID: 25634802 DOI: 10.1021/jf505050c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) have drawn significant attention for their variety of biologically beneficial effects. Evidence suggested that CLA and CLNA could play physiological roles by regulating the expression and activity of PPAR γ. This review summarizes the current understanding of evidence of the role of CLA (cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) and CLNA (punicic acid and α-eleostearic acid) in modulating the expression or activity of PPAR γ that could in turn be employed as complementary treatment for obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, China
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24
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Yuan GF, Chen XE, Li D. Conjugated linolenic acids and their bioactivities: a review. Food Funct 2015; 5:1360-8. [PMID: 24760201 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of octadecatrienoic acid (α-linolenic acid, cis9,cis12,cis15-18:3 n-3) found in plant seeds. Three 8,10,12-18:3 isomers and four 9,11,13-18:3 isomers have been reported to occur naturally. CLNA isomers such as punicic acid, α-eleostearic acid and jacaric acid have been attributed to exhibit several health benefits that are largely based on animal and in vitro studies. This review has summarized and updated the evidence regarding the metabolism and bioactivities of CLNA isomers, and comprehensively discussed the recent studies on the effects of anti-carcinogenic, lipid metabolism regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and antioxidant activities of CLNA isomers. The available results may provide a potential application for CLNA isomers from natural sources, especially edible plant seeds, as effective functional food ingredients and dietary supplements for the above mentioned disease management. Further research, especially human randomized clinical trials, is warranted to investigate the detailed physiological effects, bioactivity and molecular mechanism of CLNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Yuan
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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25
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Khoddami A, Roberts TH. Pomegranate oil as a valuable pharmaceutical and nutraceutical. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment; University of Sydney; 2015 NSW Australia
| | - Thomas H. Roberts
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment; University of Sydney; 2015 NSW Australia
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26
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Franczyk-Żarów M, Czyżyńska I, Drahun A, Maślak E, Chłopicki S, Kostogrys RB. Margarine supplemented with conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) has no effect on atherosclerosis but alleviates the liver steatosis and affects the expression of lipid metabolism genes in apoE/LDLR-/-mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
| | - Izabela Czyżyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
| | - Anna Drahun
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
| | - Edyta Maślak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET); Kraków Poland
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET); Kraków Poland
| | - Renata B. Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
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27
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Banihani S, Makahleh S, El-Akawi Z, Al-Fashtaki R, Khabour O, Gharibeh M, Saadah N, Al-Hashimi F, Al-Khasieb N. Fresh pomegranate juice ameliorates insulin resistance, enhances β-cell function, and decreases fasting serum glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Nutr Res 2014; 34:862-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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