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Andernach L, Schury C, Nickel M, Böttger J, Kaufmann M, Rohn S, Granvogl M, Hanschen FS. Non-enzymatic degradation of aliphatic Brassicaceae isothiocyanates during aqueous heat treatment. Food Chem 2024; 449:138939. [PMID: 38599103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates are valuable for human health as they exert health promoting effects. As thermal food processing could affect their levels in a structure dependent way, the stability and reactivity of 12 Brassicaceae isothiocyanates during aqueous heating at 100 °C and pH 5-8 were investigated. The formation of their corresponding amines and N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas was quantified. Further, the potential to form odor active compounds was investigated by HRGC-MS-olfactometry. A strong structure-reactivity relationship was found and shorter side chains and electron withdrawing groups increase the reactivity of isothiocyanates. 3-(Methylsulfonyl)-propyl isothiocyanate was least stable. The main products are the corresponding amines (up to 69% recovery) and formation of N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas is only relevant at neutral to basic pH values. Apart from allyl isothiocyanate also 3-(methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate is precursor to many sulfur-containing odor active compounds. Thus, the isothiocyanate-structure affects their levels but also contributes to the flavor of boiled Brassicaceae vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Andernach
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Carolina Schury
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85354, Germany
| | - Marie Nickel
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Jana Böttger
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85354, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Sabine Hanschen
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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Qu Y, Li X, Chen X, Li J, Yu Z, Shen R. Novel pH-sensitive gellan gum-ε-polylysine hydrogel microspheres for sulforaphene delivery. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39045717 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to improve the stability and utilization of sulforaphene (SFE) and to enhance the intestinal stability and pH-sensitive release of SFE in the gastrointestinal tract. To achieve this objective, calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used as a crosslinking agent to fabricate novel SFE-loaded gellan gum (GG)-ε-polylysine (ε-PL) pH-sensitive hydrogel microspheres by using the ionic crosslinking technique. RESULTS The molecular docking results of GG, ε-PL, and SFE were good and occurred in the natural state. The loading efficiency (LE) of all samples was above 70%. According to the structural characterization results, GG and ε-PL successfully embedded SFE in a three-dimensional network structure through electrostatic interaction. The swelling characteristics and in vitro release results revealed that the microspheres were pH-sensitive, and SFE was mainly retained inside the hydrogel microsphere in the stomach, and subsequently released in the intestine. The result of cytotoxicity assay showed that the hydrogel microspheres were non-toxic and had an inhibitory effect on human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION Thus, the hydrogel microspheres could improve SFE stability and utilization and achieve the intestinal targeted delivery of SFE. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhangfu Yu
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghu Shen
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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Hur GH, Lee TK, Cho YJ, Kim JH, Park JHY, Yang H, Lee KW. Optimization of cultivar, germination time and extraction for radish sprout extract with high sulforaphene content. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5010-5020. [PMID: 38314949 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetable sprout has been highlighted as a promising functional material rich in bioactive compounds called isothiocyanates (ITCs) and it can be grown in very short periods in controlled indoor farms. However, because ITCs content depends on multiple factors such as cultivar, germination time and myrosinase activity, those variables need to be controlled during germination or extraction to produce functional materials enriched in ITCs. Sulforaphene (SFEN), an ITC found primarily in radishes (Raphanus sativus L.), exerts beneficial effects on obesity. However, the optimal germination and extraction conditions for radish sprout (RSP) to increase SFEN content remain unascertained, and the extract's anti-obesity effect has yet to be evaluated. RESULTS The present study found that the SFEN content was highest in purple radish sprout (PRSP) among the six cultivars investigated. Optimal SFEN content occurred after 2 days of PRSP germination (2 days PRSP). To maximize the dry matter yield, total ITCs and SFEN contents in RSP extract, we found the optimal conditions for extracting PRSP [27.5 °C, 60 min, 1:75.52 solute/solvent (w/v), no ascorbic acid] using response surface methodology. Consistent with high SFEN content, 2 days PRSP extract significantly outperformed 3 days or 4 days PRSP extract in inhibiting lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, 2 days PRSP extract suppressed adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related protein expression. CONCLUSION Regarding the cultivar, germination time and extraction conditions, optimally produced PRSP extract contains high SFEN content and exerts anti-obesity effects. Thus, we suggest PRSP extract as a potent functional material for obesity prevention. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hyun Hur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Basic Science Research Institute, Sungshin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hee Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bio convergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee TK, Hur G, Kim JH, Park JHY, Yang H, Lee KW. Micro-grinding-based production for sulforaphene-enriched radish seeds extract via facilitating glucosinolates-myrosinase reaction, and evaluation of its anti-adipogenic effects. Food Chem 2023; 429:136864. [PMID: 37506660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFEN), an isothiocyanate (ITC) abundant in radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds (RS), has many health benefits, including anti-obesity effects. SFEN content is affected by multiple factors during processing, such as glucoraphenin (GLE) (the precursor of SFEN) availability, myrosinase (essential for conversion from GLE to SFEN) activity, and SFEN stability. We examined the physiochemical-properties and anti-adipogenic effects of SFEN-enriched RSE produced by two processes, roasting and micro-grinding. The roasting process lowered SFEN content and myrosinase activity over 50 °C. However, among micro-grinding conditions, smaller particle size (#2 grind, ≈11.31 μm) more effectively increased SFEN content in RS compared to larger particles (#1 grind, ≈ 179.50 μm) by accelerating available GLE and myrosinase release from RS. Grind #2 also effectively inhibited the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes compared to #1. Thus, micro-grinding can be suggested for producing SFEN-enriched RSE with anti-adipogenic activity as a functional material for obesity prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Hur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea; Basic Science Research Institute, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bio convergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yu X, Gao L, Miao Z, Zhang L, Wu R, Sun S, Sun N, Zhu L, Sheng H. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the component variations of Raphani Semen during the stir-frying process and elucidation of transformation pathways of multiple components. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115726. [PMID: 37729746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Raphani Semen (RS) encompasses two distinct application forms in Chinese clinical practice: raw RS (RRS) and stir-fried RS (SRS). They exhibit divergent drug properties and effects, as described in traditional Chinese medicine theory known as "Sheng shu yi zhi, sheng sheng shu jiang". The dissimilarity in RS's drug properties is intrinsically linked to alterations in its internal components during the stir-frying process. Previous studies have demonstrated that stir-frying renders myrosinase inactive, thereby preventing the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates in RS. However, the precise enzymatic hydrolysis pathway and products of glucosinolates remain unclear. Furthermore, it remains uncertain whether other components undergo changes influenced by endogenous enzymes. The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the chemical components disparities between RRS and SRS using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Additionally, it seeks to elucidate the potential transformation pathways of multiple components from an enzymatic hydrolysis perspective. We have developed a sensitive and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS) method for quantifying the content of 5 characteristic components, including glucoraphenin, sinapine thiocyanate, sulforaphene, sinapic acid, and 3',6-disinapoylsucrose. Based on retention time and MS spectra, we have identified 19 characteristic components in both SRS and RRS, encompassing glucosinolates and sulfur-containing derivatives, oligosaccharide esters, and small-molecule phenolic acids. Notably, 18 of these components undergo changes during the enzymatic hydrolysis process, leading to the identification of 4 transformation pathways: glucoraphenin, 6-sinapoylglucoraphenin, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose and β-D-(3,4-disinapoyl) furanofructosyl-α-D-(6-sinapisoyl) glucoside, along with 3'-O-sinapoyl-6-O-feruloylsucrose. Quantitative analysis reveals significant differences, including lower levels of glucoraphenin in RRS compared to SRS, higher sulforaphene and sinapic acid levels in RRS, while sinapine thiocyanate and 3',6-disinapoylsucrose remain unchanged before and after stir-frying. The results of this study highlight distinct chemical compositions between RRS and SRS. Additionally, the method of characterization and content determination constructed in this paper has strong practical value and provides a useful approach for comprehensively evaluating the chemical composition and quality of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Rong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shaoxing Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Niu Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Huagang Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Hu R. Effects of Sulforaphene on the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus Mutans In Vitro and Dental Caries Development In Vivo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37760656 PMCID: PMC10525627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE) is a common nutritional supplement with antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of SFE on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to investigate the caries-controlling potential of SFE. The effects of SFE on S. mutans were investigated using the broth microdilution method, crystal violet staining, SEM observation, acid tolerance assays, lactic acid quantification, and polysaccharide measurements. A rat caries model was established to evaluate the caries-controlling effects and biocompatibility of SFE in vivo. SFE inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Furthermore, SFE restrained the cariogenic properties of S. mutans, including its acid production, acid tolerance, and extracellular polysaccharide production, without affecting the bacterial viability at sub-inhibitory levels. In the rat caries model, SFE significantly arrested the onset and development of dental caries. Moreover, no visible hemolytic phenomenon or cytotoxicity was detected in the SFE groups. After four weeks of SFE treatment, all rats remained in apparent good health with no significant differences in weight gain; their hemogram and biochemical parameters were normal; no pathological changes were observed in the oral mucosa, liver, or kidneys. In conclusion, SFE was safe and inhibited the development of caries effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- The College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Binhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- The College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Lee TK, Hur G, Choi J, Ban C, Kim JY, Yang H, Park JHY, Lee KW, Kim JH. Enhancing stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene in radish seed extracts using nanoemulsion made with high oleic sunflower oil. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1269-1279. [PMID: 37362810 PMCID: PMC10290006 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of nanoemulsions on the stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene (SFEN) in radish seed extract (RSE) was investigated. Four types of oil were used as lipid ingredients of the nanoemulsions: soybean, high oleic acid sunflower, coconut, and hydrogenated palm oils. SFEN in RSE nanoemulsions showed greater stability to temperature, acid, and alkaline conditions than SFEN in RSE suspended in water (RSE-S). Particularly under alkaline conditions, the half-life of SFEN in the nanoemulsion with high oleic sunflower oil (RSE-HOSO) was 8 times longer than that of RSE-S. Furthermore, in the pharmacokinetics study, it was observed that AUC0-8 increased and oral clearance (CL/F) decreased significantly in rats orally administered RSE-HOSO compared with RSE-S (p < 0.05). This study indicates that the type of oil used in nanoemulsions affects the stability and bioavailability of SFEN in RSE. These results may provide a guideline for the development of functional foods containing RSE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Hur
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyoon Choi
- Department of Next Generation Applied Sciences, Graduate School, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Choongjin Ban
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yea Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Fermentation and Brewing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
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Gao L, Li H, Li B, Shao H, Yu X, Miao Z, Zhang L, Zhu L, Sheng H. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, transformation of ingredients and pharmacology of the dried seeds of Raphanus sativus L. (Raphani Semen), A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115387. [PMID: 35580770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Raphani Semen (Lai Fu-zi in Chinese, RS), the dried seeds of Raphanus sativus L., is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. RS has long been used for eliminating bloating and digestion, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic in clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides a critical and comprehensive summary of traditional uses, phytochemistry, transformation of ingredients and pharmacology of RS based on research data that have been reported, aiming at providing a basis for further study on RS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search terms "Raphani Semen", "the seeds of Raphanus sativus L." and "radish seed" were used to obtain the information from electronic databases such as Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed and other web search instruments. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, transformation of ingredients and pharmacology of RS were summarized. RESULTS RS has been traditionally used to treat food dyspeptic retention, distending pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, constipation, diarrhea and dysentery, panting, and cough with phlegm congestion in the clinical practice. The chemical constituents of RS include glucosinolates and sulfur-containing derivatives, phenylpropanoid sucrosides, small organic acids and derivatives, flavone glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, oligosaccharides and others. Among them, glucosinolates can be transformated to isothiocyanates by plant myrosinase or the intestinal flora, which display a variety of activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, treatment of metabolic diseases, central nervous system protection, anti-osteoporosis. RS has a variety of pharmacological activities, including treatment of metabolic diseases, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, central nervous system protection, anti-osteoporosis, etc. This review will provide useful insight for exploration, further study and precise medication of RS in the future. CONCLUSIONS According to its traditional uses, phytochemistry, transformation of ingredients and pharmacology, RS is regarded as a promising medical plant with various chemical compounds and numerous pharmacological activities. However, the material bases and mechanisms of traditional effect of RS need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Huili Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Huagang Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Lu Y, Maria Vos RD, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Fu C, Liu SQ, Huang D. The degradation kinetics and mechanism of moringin in aqueous solution and the cytotoxicity of degraded products. Food Chem 2021; 364:130424. [PMID: 34182363 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the degradation of moringin (4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]-isothiocyanate), a major bioactive isothiocyanate (ITC) found in moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam), at various food processing conditions. Moringin degrades rapidly to several water-soluble products via a pseudo-first-order kinetics. By analyzing the reaction products, the degradation mechanism was found to be through hydrolyzing to (A) 1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl) α-l-rhamnopyranoside (rhamnobenzyl alcohol RBA) or (B) rhamnobenzylamine. The formed amine further reacts with moringin to form N,N'-bis{4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}thiourea (di-rhamnobenzyl thiourea, DRBTU). In addition, moringin isomerizes to 4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]thiocyanate (RBTC), which further reacts with moringin to form S,N-bis{4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}-dithiocarbamate (DRBDTC). Furthermore, pH was found to have an effect on the degradation of moringin. RBA and RBTC were major degraded products in neutral and acidic conditions while thiourea (DRBTU) was in alkaline condition. Although moringin showed higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells, its degraded products showed very weak or no activities, suggesting that the isothiocyanate group of ITCs is essential for their cancer chemoprevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Romy Dorothea Maria Vos
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Molan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Garcia-Ibañez P, Roses C, Agudelo A, Milagro FI, Barceló AM, Viadel B, Nieto JA, Moreno DA, Carvajal M. The Influence of Red Cabbage Extract Nanoencapsulated with Brassica Plasma Membrane Vesicles on the Gut Microbiome of Obese Volunteers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051038. [PMID: 34068672 PMCID: PMC8151636 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the red cabbage extracts on the bioaccessibility of their isothiocyanates, and their effect on the intestinal microbiota using a dynamic model of human digestion treated with the gut microbiome of obese adults. The elicitation of red cabbage plants with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) duplicated the content of glucosinolates (GSLs) in the plant organs used for elaborating the encapsulated formula. The use of plasma membrane vesicles, according to a proper methodology and technology, showed a high retention of sulforaphane (SFN) and indol-3-carbinol (I3C) over the course of the 14-day digestion study. The microbiome was scarcely affected by the treatments in terms of microbiota composition or the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, but a 3 to 4-fold increase was observed in the production of butyric acid with the encapsulated extract treatment. Based on our pilot red cabbage extract study, the consumption of this extract, mainly encapsulated, may play a potential role in the management of obesity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (M.C.)
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carles Roses
- Servei de Genòmica I Bioinformàtica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.R.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Agatha Agudelo
- Sakata Seed Ibérica S.L., Pl. Poeta Vicente Gaos, 6 Bajo, 46021 Valencia, Spain;
- Biotechnology Department, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, UPV, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de la Salud Carlos III, 289029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Barceló
- Servei de Genòmica I Bioinformàtica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.R.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Blanca Viadel
- AINIA, Technology Centre, C/Benjamin Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (B.V.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Juan Antonio Nieto
- AINIA, Technology Centre, C/Benjamin Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (B.V.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (M.C.)
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11
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Radünz M, Hackbart HCDS, Bona NP, Pedra NS, Hoffmann JF, Stefanello FM, Da Rosa Zavareze E. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds rich broccoli extract: Encapsulation by electrospraying and antitumor activity against glial tumor cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111020. [PMID: 32339867 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, intracranial malignant tumors, are aggressive, asymptomatic and difficult to treat due to their degree of infiltration, alternatives are needed to treat the disease. In this sense, natural compounds from the specialized metabolism of plants can act to control the disease. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, present in broccoli, have a potential to promote tumor cell death, however due to the low stability of these compounds, encapsulation becomes an alternative for their preservation. The objective was to encapsulate the broccoli extract by electrospraying and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in the primary cell culture of astrocytes and gliomas. The capsules were produced and characterized by encapsulation efficiency, functional groups, thermal stability and morphology, the capsule that presented the best parameters was used for the evaluation of cell cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Capsules with equal or less than 50 % extract showed high encapsulation efficiency, high thermal stability and uniform morphology due to non-saturation of the active zein sites, which allowed a complete encapsulation of the added extract, as well as a greater protection of the compounds. The capsule with 50 % of the extract showed good results of the efficiency, morphology and thermal stability and was used to evaluate the antitumor activity, since the addition of extract in proportions greater than 60 % promoted saturation of the active sites and lower encapsulation efficiency, and directly affects the morphology and thermal stability. The encapsulated and unencapsulated extracts showed strong selective antitumor effect against glial tumor cells without toxicity to non-tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Radünz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helen Cristina Dos Santos Hackbart
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elessandra Da Rosa Zavareze
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Andini S, Araya-Cloutier C, Sanders M, Vincken JP. Simultaneous Analysis of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates by Reversed-Phase Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3121-3131. [PMID: 32053364 PMCID: PMC7068719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method to simultaneously analyze various glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) by reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for 14 GSLs and 15 ITCs. It involved derivatization of ITCs with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The limits of detection were 0.4-1.6 μM for GSLs and 0.9-2.6 μM for NAC-ITCs. The analysis of Sinapis alba, Brassica napus, and Brassica juncea extracts spiked with 14 GSLs and 15 ITCs indicated that the method generally had good intraday (≤10% RSD) and interday precisions (≤16% RSD). Recovery of the method was unaffected by the extracts and within 71-110% for GSLs and 66-122% for NAC-ITCs. The method was able to monitor the enzymatic hydrolysis of standard GSLs to ITCs in mixtures. Furthermore, GSLs and ITCs were simultaneously determined in Brassicaceae plant extracts before and after myrosinase treatment. This method can be applied to further investigate the enzymatic conversion of GSLs to ITCs in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andini
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Satya Wacana Christian University, Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Sanders
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Feng C, Tan X, Hagedoorn PL, Gu C, Xu H, Zhou X. Effect of aliphatic diamine spacer length on enzymatic performance of myrosinase immobilized on chitosan microsphere and its application for sulforaphene production. J Biotechnol 2019; 299:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Liang H, Wei Y, Li R, Cheng L, Yuan Q, Zheng F. Intensifying sulforaphane formation in broccoli sprouts by using other cruciferous sprouts additions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:957-962. [PMID: 30263824 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a significant chemopreventive compound which is the predominant glucosinolate in broccoli sprouts. However, the existence of the epithiospecifier protein could direct the hydrolysis of glucosinolates toward sulforaphane nitrile formation instead of sulforaphane. Therefore, the study aimed on improving the yielding of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with a new method of the united hydrolysis of cruciferous sprouts. According to the results, the addition of radish, rocket and rape sprouts to broccoli sprouts could promote the hydrolysis of the glucoraphanin to anticancer effective sulforaphane to 2.03, 2.32 and 1.95-fold, respectively, compared to single broccoli sprouts. Meanwhile, the formation of non-bioactive sulforaphane nitrile in these three groups decreased greatly. However, the addition of mustard sprouts had no positive effect. These observations could make a contribution to the potential chemoprotective effects of broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Wei
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimin Li
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- 1State Key laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- 2Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
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15
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Glucoraphenin, sulforaphene, and antiproliferative capacity of radish sprouts in germinating and thermal processes. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Han Z, Li H, Yu XC, Sun DW. Effects of Low Temperature Cooking on the Retention of 4-(Methylthio)-3-Butenyl Isothiocyanate (MTBITC) of Chinese White Radish (Raphanussativus L.). FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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The mechanism of sulforaphene degradation to different water contents. Food Chem 2016; 194:1022-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Hanschen FS, Yim B, Winkelmann T, Smalla K, Schreiner M. Degradation of Biofumigant Isothiocyanates and Allyl Glucosinolate in Soil and Their Effects on the Microbial Community Composition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132931. [PMID: 26186695 PMCID: PMC4505889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicales species rich in glucosinolates are used for biofumigation, a process based on releasing enzymatically toxic isothiocyanates into the soil. These hydrolysis products are volatile and often reactive compounds. Moreover, glucosinolates can be degraded also without the presence of the hydrolytic enzyme myrosinase which might contribute to bioactive effects. Thus, in the present study the stability of Brassicaceae plant-derived and pure glucosinolates hydrolysis products was studied using three different soils (model biofumigation). In addition, the degradation of pure 2-propenyl glucosinolate was investigated with special regard to the formation of volatile breakdown products. Finally, the influence of pure glucosinolate degradation on the bacterial community composition was evaluated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene amplified from total community DNA. The model biofumigation study revealed that the structure of the hydrolysis products had a significant impact on their stability in the soil but not the soil type. Following the degradation of pure 2-propenyl glucosinolate in the soils, the nitrile as well as the isothiocyanate can be the main degradation products, depending on the soil type. Furthermore, the degradation was shown to be both chemically as well as biologically mediated as autoclaving reduced degradation. The nitrile was the major product of the chemical degradation and its formation increased with iron content of the soil. Additionally, the bacterial community composition was significantly affected by adding pure 2-propenyl glucosinolate, the effect being more pronounced than in treatments with myrosinase added to the glucosinolate. Therefore, glucosinolates can have a greater effect on soil bacterial community composition than their hydrolysis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S. Hanschen
- Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Bunlong Yim
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Section of Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Messeweg 11–12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Section of Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Messeweg 11–12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, D-14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
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19
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Tian G, Li Y, Yuan Q, Cheng L, Kuang P, Tang P. The stability and degradation kinetics of Sulforaphene in microcapsules based on several biopolymers via spray drying. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, Rohn S. Reactivity and stability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in foods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11430-50. [PMID: 25163974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of glucosinolates and their behavior during food processing is very complex. Their instability leads to the formation of a bunch of breakdown and reaction products that are very often reactive themselves. Although excessive consumption of cabbage varieties has been thought for long time to have adverse, especially goitrogenic effects, nowadays, epidemiologic studies provide data that there might be beneficial health effects as well. Especially Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli, radish, or cabbage, are rich in these interesting plant metabolites. However, information on the bioactivity of glucosinolates is only valuable when one knows which compounds are formed during processing and subsequent consumption. This review provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview on the chemical reactivity of different glucosinolates and breakdown products thereof during food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hanschen
- Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren and Erfurt e.V. Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren (Germany) http://www.igzev.de.
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21
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, Rohn S. Reaktivität und Stabilität von Glucosinolaten und ihren Abbauprodukten in Lebensmitteln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Yamada T, Wei M, Toyoda T, Yamano S, Wanibuchi H. Inhibitory effect of Raphanobrassica on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:107-13. [PMID: 24835035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is well known to be associated with chronic gastritis and also development of gastric cancer. Raphanobrassica (RB) is an intergeneric hybrid of the genera Raphanus (radish) and Brassica (cabbages) containing appreciable amounts of glucoraphanin (GR) and glucoraphenin (GRe), which are actively hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase to sulforaphane and sulforaphene, respectively. Both of these metabolites exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two freeze-dried products of RB (RB1 and RB2) on H. pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Six-week-old male Mongolian gerbils were inoculated orally with H. pylori (ATCC 43504), and 2weeks later were fed diets containing no additives or diets supplemented with 2% RB1 (containing both GR and GRe) or 2% RB2 (containing GR only) for 10weeks. In the RB1, but not the RB2 group, mononuclear cell infiltration, mRNA expression of IL-6, and cell proliferation in the gastric mucosa were significantly suppressed. These results indicate that RB1 containing both GR and GRe exerted significant inhibitory effects on H. pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils apparently mediated via suppression of IL-6 expression and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Yamano
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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