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Bio-Derived Furanic Compounds with Natural Metabolism: New Sustainable Possibilities for Selective Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043997. [PMID: 36835429 PMCID: PMC9966152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived C6-furanic compounds have become the cornerstone of sustainable technologies. The key feature of this field of chemistry is the involvement of the natural process only in the first step, i.e., the production of biomass by photosynthesis. Biomass-to-HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) conversion and further transformations are carried out externally with the involvement of processes with poor environmental factors (E-factors) and the generation of chemical wastes. Due to widespread interest, the chemical conversion of biomass to furanic platform chemicals and related transformations are thoroughly studied and well-reviewed in the current literature. In contrast, a novel opportunity is based on an alternative approach to consider the synthesis of C6-furanics inside living cells using natural metabolism, as well as further transformations to a variety of functionalized products. In the present article, we review naturally occurring substances containing C6-furanic cores and focus on the diversity of C6-furanic derivatives, occurrence, properties and synthesis. From the practical point of view, organic synthesis involving natural metabolism is advantageous in terms of sustainability (sunlight-driven as the only energy source) and green nature (no eco-persisted chemical wastes).
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Ho KT, Balboula AZ, Homma K, Takanari J, Bai H, Kawahara M, Thi Kim Nguyen K, Takahashi M. Synergistic effect of standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem and heat shock on progesterone synthesis with lipid droplets and mitochondrial function in bovine granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106181. [PMID: 36150639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a well-known steroid hormone that plays a key role in oocyte growth and the maintenance of pregnancy in mammals, including cattle. Heat stress (HS) has an adverse effect on P4 synthesis through an imbalance in the cellular redox status. We have recently revealed that a standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS) increases P4 through non-HS induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and a synergistic increase of HSP70 by enhancing the intracellular redox balance, which was adversely affected by HS in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). Bovine GCs collected from bovine ovarian follicles were cultured at 38.5 °C and 41 °C for 12 h with or without 5 mg/mL EAS. After treatment, cells and culture suppernatant were collected for the analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect in P4 levels. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect expression of steroidogenesis related genes. Fluorescence staining was used to detect mitochondrial activity and lipid droplet. P4 level was increased by EAS treatment in association with increase in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), mitochondrial membrane activity and lipid droplet both under non-HS and HS conditions. Notably, synergistic effect of EAS with HS co-treatment was observed to show a greater increase in P4 synthesis when comparison with EAS treatment under non-HS condition. Furthermore, inhibition of HSP70 significantly reduced EAS-induced P4 synthesis, mitochondrial activity and synthesis of lipid droplets. These results suggest that P4 synthesis by EAS is mediated by the steroidogenesis pathway via HSP70-regulated activation of STAR and 3β-HSD, together with improved mitochondrial activity and lipid metabolism in bovine GCs. Moreover, effect of EAS has a synergistic effect of with HSP70-regulated steroidogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoi Thieu Ho
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Kohei Homma
- AMINO UP Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- AMINO UP Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Knockdown of heat shock transcription factor 1 decreases temperature stress tolerance in Bemisia tabaci MED. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16059. [PMID: 36163391 PMCID: PMC9512819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in the heat shock response is to activate the transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, the gene encoding HSF (Bthsf1) was characterized in MED B. tabaci. The full-length cDNA encoded a protein of 652 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 5.55. The BtHSF1 deduced amino acid sequence showed strong similarity to HSF in other insects. Expression analyses using quantitative real-time PCR indicated that Bthsf1 was significantly up-regulated in B. tabaci adults and pupae during thermal stress. Although Bthsf1 was induced by both hot and cold stress, the amplitude of expression was greater in the former. Bthsf1 had distinct, significant differences in expression pattern during different duration of high but not low temperature stress. Oral ingestion of dsBthsf1 repressed the expression of Bthsf1 and four heat shock proteins (Bthsp90, Bthsp70-3, Bthsp20 and Bthsp19.5) in MED B. tabaci during hot and cold stress. In conclusion, our results show that Bthsf1 is differentially expressed during high and low temperature stress and regulates the transcription of multiple hsps in MED B. tabaci.
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Shimada A, Ueno H, Inagaki M, Yoshimitsu H. Glutaminase inhibitory activity of umbelliferone isolated from kabosu ( Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka). Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:605-609. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1788553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Shimada
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Inagaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshimitsu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Standardized Extract of Asparagus officinalis Stem Attenuates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced IL-6 and IL-1β Production by Suppressing p44/42 MAPK and Akt Phosphorylation in Murine Primary Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206189. [PMID: 34684771 PMCID: PMC8540605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive host inflammation following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We recently reported that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit (S1) induces pro-inflammatory responses by activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages. A standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS) is a unique functional food that elicits anti-photoaging effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory signaling in hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet B-exposed skin fibroblasts. To elucidate its potential in preventing excessive inflammation in COVID-19, we examined the effects of EAS on pro-inflammatory responses in S1-stimulated macrophages. Murine peritoneal exudate macrophages were co-treated with EAS and S1. Concentrations and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Expression and phosphorylation levels of signaling proteins were analyzed using western blotting and fluorescence immunomicroscopy. EAS significantly attenuated S1-induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 in a concentration-dependent manner without reducing cell viability. EAS also markedly suppressed the S1-induced transcription of IL-6 and IL-1β. However, among the TLR4 signaling proteins, EAS did not affect the degradation of inhibitor κBα, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit, and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase p54 subunit after S1 exposure. In contrast, EAS significantly suppressed S1-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt. Attenuation of S1-induced transcription of IL-6 and IL-1β by the MAPK kinase inhibitor U0126 was greater than that by the Akt inhibitor perifosine, and the effects were potentiated by simultaneous treatment with both inhibitors. These results suggest that EAS attenuates S1-induced IL-6 and IL-1β production by suppressing p44/42 MAPK and Akt signaling in macrophages. Therefore, EAS may be beneficial in regulating excessive inflammation in patients with COVID-19.
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A standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem improves HSP70-mediated redox balance and cell functions in bovine cumulus-granulosa cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18175. [PMID: 34518614 PMCID: PMC8437968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock (HS) protein 70 (HSP70), a well-known HS-induced protein, acts as an intracellular chaperone to protect cells against stress conditions. Although HS induces HSP70 expression to confer stress resistance to cells, HS causes cell toxicity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Recently, a standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS), produced from the byproduct of asparagus, has been shown to induce HSP70 expression without HS and regulate cellular redox balance in pheochromocytoma cells. However, the effects of EAS on reproductive cell function remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of EAS on HSP70 induction and oxidative redox balance in cultured bovine cumulus-granulosa (CG) cells. EAS significantly increased HSP70 expression; however, no effect was observed on HSP27 and HSP90 under non-HS conditions. EAS decreased ROS generation and DNA damage and increased glutathione (GSH) synthesis under both non-HS and HS conditions. Moreover, EAS synergistically increased HSP70 and HSF1 expression and increased progesterone levels in CG cells. Treatment with an HSP70 inhibitor significantly decreased GSH level, increased ROS level, and decreased HSF1, Nrf2, and Keap1 expression in the presence of EAS. Furthermore, EAS significantly increased progesterone synthesis. Thus, EAS improves HSP70-mediated redox balance and cell function in bovine CG cells.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Piao X, Zheng P, Zhang H, Pang S, Qu Z, Wang Y. Changes of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in fresh and processed ginsengs. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2068-2075. [PMID: 32328273 PMCID: PMC7174236 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study estimated changes of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde (5-HMF) in different ginseng products with different temperatures and time pretreatment. Heat treatment was performed at various temperatures for 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, and 3.00 hr, respectively. Ultrasonic extraction and reflux extraction were used to evaluate the extraction rate and different solvents (such as 80% methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and an extraction with both dichloromethane and ethyl acetate solvents) using two extraction methods (liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction) to remove matrix interference. An ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) method was used for quantitative and changing analysis of 5-HMF in different ginseng samples. The results indicated that the content of 5-HMF increased dramatically with heating temperature and time, and the 5-HMF in the ginseng samples ranged from 0.01 to 112.32 g/kg protein. The highest value was observed in the honey-added ginseng samples with the highest amount of addition and highest temperature treatment, and the lowest value was found in the fresh ginseng samples. These results implied that 5-HMF may be as an indicator to estimate the honey addition level and heat treatment degree during the processing of ginseng products, and the content of 5-HMF is a promising parameter to evaluate the quality of products (ginseng). The production and regulation of potentially harmful Maillard reaction products (PHMRPs)-5-HMF in ginseng manufacture will provide an important reference for safe ginseng processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yufang Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xiangmin Piao
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Peihe Zheng
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Shifeng Pang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Zhengyi Qu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yingping Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and PlantsChinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesChangchunJilinChina
- College of Chinese Medicinal MaterialsJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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8
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Inoue S, Takanari J, Abe K, Nagayama A, Ikeya Y, Kohda N. Isolation and Structure Determination of a Heat Shock Protein Inducer, Asparagus-Derived Proline-Containing 3-Alkyldiketopiperazines (Asparaprolines), From a Standardized Extract of Asparagus officinalis Stem. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20914681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ETAS® has been developed from the stems of Asparagus officinalis L. as a functional ingredient for nutraceuticals. ETAS possesses heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induction activity and may contribute to maintenance and improvement of health. Here, 3 compounds (1, 2, 3) were isolated from ETAS. The structures of 1, 2, and 3 were deduced by HREIMS and NMR spectroscopic data, and the compounds were identified as cyclo(l-Phe-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Tyr-l-Pro), and cyclo(l-Leu-l-Pro), respectively. Each compound contained a diketopiperazine ring derived from proline with an alkyl group at C-3; thus, we termed them asparagus-derived proline-containing 3-alkyldiketopiperazines (Asparaprolines). In an HSP70 mRNA induction assay in HL-60 cells, Asparaprolines significantly enhanced the expression of HSP70 mRNA compared with a control. To our knowledge, these results demonstrate for the first time that proline-containing diketopiperazines derived from natural amino acids exhibit HSP70 mRNA induction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Inoue
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Nagayama
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kohda
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shiga, Japan
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Koda T, Shirato K, Takanari J, Imai H. Effects of a Standardized Extract of Asparagus officinalisStem on Photoaging in the Epidermal Layer of the Skin Using Cultured Keratinocytes. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19857345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koda
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Imai
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Chen W, Geng SL, Song Z, Li YJ, Wang H, Cao JY. Alternative splicing and expression analysis of HSF1 in diapause pupal brains in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1258-1269. [PMID: 30324758 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause is the arrest of the development of insects and can be used for the development of effective agricultural pest management strategies. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is reported to be up-regulated during diapause to maintain survival in some insect species. However, its regulatory mechanism is unknown. RESULTS Expression of hsp70 in Helicoverpa armigera was found to be up-regulated in diapause pupal brains. To elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of hsp70, we focused our attention on its transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Four alternative splicing variants of HSF1 from pupal brains of H. armigera were identified, and subcellular localization analysis indicated that these variants were exclusively expressed in the nucleus. Real-time PCR analysis showed that all of these variants were up-regulated in diapause pupal brains, and their expression patterns were consistent with that of hsp70. Finally, promoter activity assay and Western blotting detection demonstrated that hsp70 was activated and up-regulated by these variants. CONCLUSION Expression of hsp70 in H. armigera during diapause is regulated by multiple alternatively spliced isoforms of HSF1. The results of this study may provide important information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of hsps during insect diapause. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Juan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Medicine, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Yun Cao
- School of Economics and Trade, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Shirato K, Koda T, Takanari J, Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Imaizumi K, Ohno H, Kizaki T. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of ETAS®50 by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor- κB p65 Nuclear Import in Ultraviolet-B-Irradiated Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:5072986. [PMID: 29967648 PMCID: PMC6008667 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5072986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces proinflammatory responses in skin cells, including dermal fibroblasts, accelerating premature skin aging (photoaging). ETAS 50, a standardized extract from the Asparagus officinalis stem, is a novel and unique functional food that suppresses proinflammatory responses of hydrogen peroxide-stimulated skin fibroblasts and interleukin- (IL-) 1β-stimulated hepatocytes. To elucidate its antiphotoaging potencies, we examined whether ETAS 50 treatment after UV-B irradiation attenuates proinflammatory responses of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). UV-B-irradiated NHDFs showed reduced levels of the cytosolic inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α (IκBα) protein and increased levels of nuclear p65 protein. The nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation inhibitor JSH-23 abolished UV-B irradiation-induced IL-1β mRNA expression, indicating that p65 regulates transcriptional induction. ETAS 50 also markedly suppressed UV-B irradiation-induced increases in IL-1β mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that ETAS 50 retained p65 in the cytosol after UV-B irradiation. Western blotting also showed that ETAS 50 suppressed the UV-B irradiation-induced increases in nuclear p65 protein. Moreover, ETAS 50 clearly suppressed UV-B irradiation-induced distribution of importin-α protein levels in the nucleus without recovering cytosolic IκBα protein levels. These results suggest that ETAS 50 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on UV-B-irradiated NHDFs by suppressing the nuclear import machinery of p65. Therefore, ETAS 50 may prevent photoaging by suppressing UV irradiation-induced proinflammatory responses of dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koda
- Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Co. Ltd., 363-32 Shinei, Kiyota, Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation, The Yamatokai Foundation, 1-13-12 Nangai, Higashiyamato, Tokyo 207-0014, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Koda T, Shirato K, Takanari J, Imai H. Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) Facilitates the Turnover of UV-B-Irradiated Keratinocytes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:138-142. [PMID: 29710031 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) is prepared from the lower, residual parts of asparagus, and some functionalities, such as anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities, have been suggested. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ETAS on photoaging in the epidermal layer of the skin using cultured keratinocytes. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were irradiated or left unirradiated with UV-B (10 mJ/cm2) and incubated with ETAS (0.5 or 2 mg/mL) or vehicle. After 3 or 13 h, molecular examinations were performed, and after 24 or 48 h, cell viabilities were determined by a CCK-8 assay. ETAS addition may induce keratinocyte migration and proliferation as well as apoptosis under molecular examination. These results suggest that ETAS might accelerate turnover of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koda
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University
| | - Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hideki Imai
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University
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Koda T, Takanari J, Kitadate K, Imai H. Enzyme-treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) Enhances Memory in Normal Rats and Induces Neurite-outgrowth in PC12 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) contains various phytochemicals. It has been reported that ETAS protected early cognitive impairment of SAMP8 mice and Aβ-induced reduction of PC12 cell viability. In addition, ETAS had several functions on healthy people. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ETAS on normal memory function of rats and neurite-outgrowth of PC12 cells. ETAS significantly accelerated learning acquisition in in vivo and neurite-outgrowth in in vitro study. In conclusion, ETAS affected on memory function in early stage in normal rats. The basis of this effect may induce neurite-outgrowth in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koda
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Imai
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
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Sui Z, Qi C, Huang Y, Ma S, Wang X, Le G, Sun J. Aqueous extracts from asparagus stems prevent memory impairments in scopolamine-treated mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:1460-1467. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts fromAsparagus officinalisL. reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments by increasing acetylcholine and expression of BDNF and CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
| | - Ce Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Asparagus Engineering Technology Research Centre of Hebei
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute
- Qinhuangdao 066004
| | - Shufeng Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
| | - Xinguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
| | - Guowei Le
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
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15
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Shirato K, Takanari J, Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Imaizumi K, Ohno H, Kizaki T. Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract Prevents Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Responses by Suppressing p65 Nuclear Translocation in Skin L929 Fibroblasts. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) attenuates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in skin fibroblast L929 cells. To further elucidate the anti-aging effects of ETAS on skin, we examined whether ETAS has preventive effects on H2O2-induced pro-inflammatory responses of skin fibroblasts. H2O2 induced Ser536 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, and increased the mRNA levels of interleukin-12α (IL-12α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in L929 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with JSH-23, an inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation, abolished the H2O2-induced expression of IL-12α and iNOS, indicating that the increased transcription is regulated by p65. The H2O2-stimulated nuclear accumulation of p65 and induction of IL-12α and iNOS mRNA were significantly attenuated after pretreatment with ETAS for 3 h, and these responses were completely abolished when the duration was extended to 24 h. However, ETAS did not affect the H2O2-stimulated degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of p65. On the other hand, ETAS treatment for 24 h resulted in decreased protein levels of importin-α. These results suggest that ETAS prevents pro-inflammatory responses by suppressing the p65 nuclear translocation in skin fibroblasts induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Co. Ltd., 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation, the Yamatokai Foundation, 1-13-12 Nangai, Higashiyamato, Tokyo 207-0014, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Shirato K, Takanari J, Ogasawara J, Sakurai T, Imaizumi K, Ohno H, Kizaki T. Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Murine Skin Fibroblast L929 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) exerts a wide variety of beneficial biological actions including facilitating anti-cortisol stress and neurological anti-aging responses. However, the anti-skin aging effects of ETAS remain to be elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in skin aging. Increased ROS levels in fibroblasts in response to ultraviolet irradiation activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), and the resultant gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) isoforms accelerates collagen breakdown in the dermis. Therefore, we explored whether ETAS has anti-skin aging effects by attenuating the oxidative stress responses in fibroblasts. Simultaneous treatment of murine skin L929 fibroblasts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and either ETAS or dextrin showed that ETAS significantly suppressed H2O2-induced expression of MMP-9 mRNA as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. ETAS also clearly suppressed H2O2-stimulated phosphorylation of c-Jun (AP-1 subunit) and JNK as determined by Western blot. However, ETAS did not affect the increased amounts of carbonyl proteins in response to H2O2, also as determined by Western blotting. These results suggest that ETAS diminishes cellular responsiveness to ROS but does not scavenge ROS. Thus, ETAS has the potential to prevent skin aging through attenuating the oxidative stress responses in dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Company Limited, 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imaizumi
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation, the Yamatokai Foundation, 1-13-12 Nangai, Higashiyamato, Tokyo 207-0014, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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TAKANARI J, NAKAHIGASHI J, SATO A, WAKI H, MIYAZAKI S, UEBABA K, HISAJIMA T. Effect of Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) on Psychological Stress in Healthy Individuals. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 62:198-205. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideaki WAKI
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Shogo MIYAZAKI
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Kazuo UEBABA
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Tatsuya HISAJIMA
- Graduate School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University
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Li J, Li N, Huang B, Zhao W, Wang W, Si Y, Yan C. Biotransformation of Licochalcone A by transgenic crown galls of Panax quinquefolium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ogasawara J, Ito T, Wakame K, Kitadate K, Sakurai T, Sato S, Ishibashi Y, Izawa T, Takahashi K, Ishida H, Takabatake I, Kizaki T, Ohno H. ETAS, an Enzyme-treated Asparagus Extract, Attenuates Amyloid β-Induced Cellular Disorder in PC 12 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the pathological characterizations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in cerebral cortical cells. The deposition of Aβ in neuronal cells leads to an increase in the production of free radicals that are typified by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing cell death. A growing body of evidence now suggests that several plant-derived food ingredients are capable of scavenging ROS in mammalian cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS), which is rich in antioxidants, is one of these ingredients. The pre-incubation of differentiated PC 12 cells with ETAS significantly recovered Aβ-induced reduction of cell viability, which was accompanied by reduced levels of ROS. These results suggest that ETAS may be one of the functional food ingredients with anti-oxidative capacity to help prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Koji Wakame
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takabatake
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
- Celelign Orthodontic Clinic, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Ito T, Ono T, Sato A, Goto K, Miura T, Wakame K, Nishioka H, Maeda T. Toxicological assessment of enzyme-treated asparagus extract in rat acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies and genotoxicity tests. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 68:240-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ito T, Maeda T, Goto K, Miura T, Wakame K, Nishioka H, Sato A. Enzyme-treated asparagus extract promotes expression of heat shock protein and exerts antistress effects. J Food Sci 2014; 79:H413-9. [PMID: 24498968 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) has been developed as a functional material produced from asparagus stem. Studies were conducted to determine the effect of ETAS on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and alleviation of stress. HeLa cells were treated with ETAS, and HSP70 mRNA and protein levels were measured using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. ETAS showed significant increases in HSP70 mRNA at more than 0.125 mg/mL and the protein at more than 1.0 mg/mL. The antistress effect was evaluated in a murine sleep-deprivation model. A sleep-deprivation stress load resulted in elevation of blood corticosterone and lipid peroxide concentrations, while supplementation with ETAS at 200 and 1000 mg/kg body weight was associated with significantly reduced levels of both stress markers, which were in the normal range. The HSP70 protein expression level in mice subjected to sleep-deprivation stress and supplemented with ETAS was significantly enhanced in stomach, liver, and kidney, compared to ETAS-untreated mice. A preliminary and small-sized human study was conducted among healthy volunteers consuming up to 150 mg/d of ETAS daily for 7 d. The mRNA expression of HSP70 in peripheral leukocytes was significantly elevated at intakes of 100 or 150 mg/d, compared to their baseline levels. Since HSP70 is known to be a stress-related protein and its induction leads to cytoprotection, the present results suggest that ETAS might exert antistress effects under stressful conditions, resulting from enhancement of HSP70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ito
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd, 363-22 Shin-ei, Kiyota, Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
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Sakurai T, Ito T, Wakame K, Kitadate K, Arai T, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Sato S, Ishibashi Y, Fujiwara T, Akagawa K, Ishida H, Ohno H. Enzyme-treated Asparagus officinalis Extract Shows Neuroprotective Effects and Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Senescence-accelerated Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in the number of patients with dementia involving Alzheimer's disease (AD) are seen as a grave public health problem. In neurodegenerative disorders involving AD, biological stresses, such as oxidative and inflammatory stress, induce neural cell damage. Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis) is a popular vegetable, and an extract prepared from this reportedly possesses various beneficial biological activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) on neuronal cells and early cognitive impairment of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. The expression of mRNAs for factors that exert cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic functions, such as heat-shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase-1, was upregulated in NG108–15 neuronal cells by treatment with ETAS. Moreover, when release of lactate dehydrogenase from damaged NG108–15 cells was increased for cells cultured in medium containing either the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside or the hypoxia mimic reagent cobalt chloride, ETAS significantly attenuated this cell damage. Also, when contextual fear memory, which is considered to be a hippocampus-dependent memory, was significantly impaired in SAMP8 mice, ETAS attenuated the cognitive impairment. These results suggest that ETAS produces cytoprotective effects in neuronal cells and attenuates the effects on the cognitive impairment of SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ito
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | - Koji Wakame
- Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd., Sapporo 004-0839, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Arai
- Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama 339–8551, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Shogo Sato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Tomonori Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Kimio Akagawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 181–8611, Japan
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