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Tekbaş A, Bremer-Streck S, Wissenbach DK, Peters FT, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Soonawalla Z, Rauchfuß F, Settmacher U, Dahmen U. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection of Thymoquinone in Oil and Serum for Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16431. [PMID: 38003621 PMCID: PMC10671713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the primary component of Nigella sativa L. (NS) oil, which is renowned for its potent hepatoprotective effects attributed to its antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and both anti- and pro-apoptotic properties. The aim of this work was to establish a method of measuring TQ in serum in order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of TQ prior to a targeted therapeutic application. In the first step, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection and quantification of TQ in an oily matrix was established and validated according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) criteria. For the assessment of the clinical application, TQ concentrations in 19 oil preparations were determined. Second, two serum samples were spiked with TQ to determine the TQ concentration after deproteinization using toluene. Third, one healthy volunteer ingested 1 g and another one 3 g of a highly concentrated NS oil 30 and 60 min prior to blood sampling for the determination of serum TQ level. After the successful establishment and validation of the measurement method, the highest concentration of TQ (36.56 g/L) was found for a bottled NS oil product (No. 1). Since a capsule is more suitable for oral administration, the product with the third highest TQ concentration (No. 3: 24.39 g/L) was used for all further tests. In the serum samples spiked with TQ, the TQ concentration was reliably detectable in a range between 5 and 10 µg/mL. After oral intake of NS oil (No. 3), however, TQ and/or its derivatives were not detectable in human serum. This discrepancy in detecting TQ after spiking serum or following oral ingestion may be attributed to the instability of TQ in biomatrices as well as its strong protein binding properties. A pharmacokinetics study was therefore not viable. Studies on isotopically labeled TQ in an animal model are necessary to study the pharmacokinetics of TQ using alternative modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tekbaş
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Research Programme “Clinician Scientist Programme”, Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research, Medical Faculty Jena, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Salvador-Allende-Platz 29, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - S. Bremer-Streck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Centralised Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - D. K. Wissenbach
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - F. T. Peters
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - M. von Lilienfeld-Toal
- Institute for Diversity Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 105, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Z. Soonawalla
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - F. Rauchfuß
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - U. Settmacher
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - U. Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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2
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Li W. Dietary phytochemicals against COVID‐19: A focus on thymoquinone. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele University Stoke‐on‐Trent UK
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3
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Mizuno M, Fukuhara K. Antioxidant and Prooxidant Effects of Thymoquinone and Its Hydroquinone Metabolite. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1389-1393. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Mizuno
- Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Kiyoshi Fukuhara
- Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
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Tantak MP, Sekhar V, Tao X, Zhai RG, Phanstiel O. Development of a Redox-Sensitive Spermine Prodrug for the Potential Treatment of Snyder Robinson Syndrome. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15593-15607. [PMID: 34695351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snyder Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is a rare disease associated with a defective spermine synthase gene and low intracellular spermine levels. In this study, a spermine replacement therapy was developed using a spermine prodrug that enters cells via the polyamine transport system. The prodrug was comprised of three components: a redox-sensitive quinone "trigger", a "trimethyl lock (TML)" aryl "release mechanism", and spermine. The presence of spermine in the design facilitated uptake by the polyamine transport system. The quinone-TML motifs provided a redox-sensitive agent, which upon intracellular reduction generated a hydroquinone, which underwent intramolecular cyclization to release free spermine and a lactone byproduct. Rewardingly, most SRS fibroblasts treated with the prodrug revealed a significant increase in intracellular spermine. Administering the spermine prodrug through feeding in a Drosophila model of SRS showed significant beneficial effects. In summary, a spermine prodrug is developed and provides a lead compound for future spermine replacement therapy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Tantak
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| | - Vandana Sekhar
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| | - Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
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Alasalvar C, Chang SK, Bolling B, Oh WY, Shahidi F. Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2382-2427. [PMID: 33719194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeds play important roles in human nutrition and health since ancient time. The term "specialty" has recently been applied to seeds to describe high-value and/or uncommon food products. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to identify various classes of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in specialty seeds. This review discusses nutrients, fat-soluble bioactives, polyphenols/bioactives, antioxidant activity, bioavailability, health benefits, and safety/toxicology of commonly consumed eight specialty seeds, namely, black cumin, chia, hemp, flax, perilla, pumpkin, quinoa, and sesame. Scientific results from the existing literature published over the last decade have been compiled and discussed. These specialty seeds, having numerous fat-soluble bioactives and polyphenols, together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been consumed. Hence, these specialty seeds can be considered as a valuable source of dietary supplements and functional foods due to their health-promoting bioactive components, polyphenols, and corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from these specialty seeds demonstrate bioavailability in humans with promising health benefits. Additional long-term and well-design human intervention trials are required to ascertain the health-promoting properties of these specialty seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bradley Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Won Young Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
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6
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Nosy confirmation: reconstitution of the characteristic odor of softwood via quantitative analysis and human sensory evaluation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1137-1149. [PMID: 31925488 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The significance of wood odors beyond flavoring effects for barbecues and wine aged in barrels has recently been under discussion. Wood has an immense influence on our physical and mental condition through our palate, such as positive health and mood-stimulating effects. As a result of increased public interest, the key odorants from various natural wood species were recently decoded. To gain profound insights into the contribution of single odorants to the overall scent of distinct wood types, this study compares several softwood species (Scots pine, incense cedar, European larch, Norway spruce, and white fir) by odor profile analysis. Nine odor-active constituents, which were previously detected in those woods, were quantified using stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA). Odor activity values (OAVs) calculated on the basis of odor thresholds (OTs) determined in cellulose revealed hexanal, octanal, (E)-non-2-enal, p-cresol, vanillin, and thymoquinone as dominant odorants for wood odor. Recombination experiments by mixing the odorants in their naturally occurring concentrations in a cellulose matrix confirmed the successful characterization of the key odorants for Scots pine and incense cedar wood.
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Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Compounds Based on Toluquinol. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090492. [PMID: 31450731 PMCID: PMC6780176 DOI: 10.3390/md17090492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Encouraged by the promising antitumoral, antiangiogenic, and antilymphangiogenic properties of toluquinol, a set of analogues of this natural product of marine origin was synthesized to explore and evaluate the effects of structural modifications on their cytotoxic activity. We decided to investigate the effects of the substitution of the methyl group by other groups, the introduction of a second substituent, the relative position of the substituents, and the oxidation state. A set of analogues of 2-substituted, 2,3-disubstituted, and 2,6-disubstituted derived from hydroquinone were synthesized. The results revealed that the cytotoxic activity of this family of compounds could rely on the hydroquinone/benzoquinone part of the molecule, whereas the substituents might modulate the interaction of the molecule with their targets, changing either its activity or its selectivity. The methyl group is relevant for the cytotoxicity of toluquinol, since its replacement by other groups resulted in a significant loss of activity, and in general the introduction of a second substituent, preferentially in the para position with respect to the methyl group, was well tolerated. These findings provide guidance for the design of new toluquinol analogues with potentially better pharmacological properties.
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Mohammed SJ, Amin HHH, Aziz SB, Sha AM, Hassan S, Abdul Aziz JM, Rahman HS. Structural Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effect of Black Seed Oil. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6515671. [PMID: 31531117 PMCID: PMC6721493 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6515671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the structure of bioactive components of black seed oil (BSO) and their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Initially, the structural examination was conducted using various spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, TLC, and UV-visible spectroscopy, which are important in determining substituents, functional groups, and the presence of conjugated double bonds in BSO. From the FTIR spectra, a variety of sharp, strong, and weak peaks were specified relating to the main components of thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and thymol in BSO. The results of UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the presence of thymoquinone as a major compound, and conjugated double bonds were also found. In addition, qualitative TLC analysis was used to identify thymoquinone from the methanol-extracted layer in BSO, by calculating the retention factor (R f) value. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity of BSO was studied against various types of bacteria. Strong bacterial inhibitory effects were observed, especially against Bacillus subtilis, with an average inhibition zone of 15.74 mm. Moreover, through the use of the MTT assay in vitro, it was shown that BSO does not exhibit any cytotoxicity towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It was also found from the structural characterization of BSO that the existence of TQ is responsible for potential antibacterial activity without any cytotoxic effects. The main observation of this work is that BSO has antimicrobial activity even against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewara J. Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Hassan H. H. Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
- Komar Research Center, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Aram M. Sha
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Sarwar Hassan
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Jeza M. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
- Baxshin Research Centre, Baxshin Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Heshu S. Rahman
- Department of Clinic and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
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Pang X, Bai L, Wang Z, Yang H, Liu H, Yan H. Establishment of Quantitatively Analytical Methods for the Determination of Aroma Components in Edible Spices Using a Homemade Chromatographic Monolithic Column. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Cui BW, Bai T, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Yang HX, Wu M, Liu J, Qiao CY, Zhan ZY, Wu YL, Kang DZ, Lian LH, Nan JX. Thymoquinone Attenuates Acetaminophen Overdose-Induced Acute Liver Injury and Inflammation Via Regulation of JNK and AMPK Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:577-594. [PMID: 30974967 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a main aromatic component of Nigella sativa L. seeds or Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze. The protective mechanism of TQ against acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP), however, remains unclear. We aimed to investigated the hepato-protective mechanism of TQ on the development of APAP-induced acute liver injury. Male kunming mice were pretreated with TQ or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) before a single APAP injection. Human Chang liver cells were incubated with TQ, SP600125 or AICAR in presence of APAP for 24 h. TQ pretreatment reduced levels of serum aminotransferases and increased hepatic glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities via inhibiting CYP2E1 expression. TQ inhibited JNK, ERK and P38 phosphorylation induced by APAP. Meanwhile, TQ inhibited PI3K/mTOR signaling activation and activated AMPK phosphorylation. Moreover, TQ prevented APAP-induced hepatocytes apoptosis regulated by Bcl-2 and Bax. Furthermore, TQ inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation on APAP-induced acute liver injury. In addition, TQ significantly inhibited P2X7R protein expression and IL-1 β release. APAP-enhanced JNK phosphorylation and APAP-suppressed AMPK phosphorylation were also observed in Chang liver cells, and these changes were recovered by pretreatment with TQ, SP600125 and AICAR. Our findings suggest that TQ may actively prevent APAP-induced acute liver injury, and the effect may be mediated by JNK and AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Wen Cui
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ting Bai
- † Medical College of Dalian University, Dalian 251122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong Yang
- † Medical College of Dalian University, Dalian 251122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Jiang
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mei Wu
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Ying Qiao
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zi-Ying Zhan
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dong-Zhou Kang
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- * Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
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Johnson-Ajinwo OR, Ullah I, Mbye H, Richardson A, Horrocks P, Li WW. The synthesis and evaluation of thymoquinone analogues as anti-ovarian cancer and antimalarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Upregulation of SIRT1-AMPK by thymoquinone in hepatic stellate cells ameliorates liver injury. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:80-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Johnson-Ajinwo OR, Richardson A, Li WW. Cytotoxic effects of stem bark extracts and pure compounds from Margaritaria discoidea on human ovarian cancer cell lines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1-4. [PMID: 25636863 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G. L. Webster (Euphorbiaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant in Africa used for the treatment of various diseases. So far, no cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on cancer cell lines have been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cells of extracts of M. discoidea and characterize the major bioactive compounds. METHODS Both organic and aqueous extracts of this plant were obtained by maceration. The sulforhodamine B cell proliferation assay was used for evaluation of their cytotoxic activities and the potential bioactive compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The organic extract of M. discoidea showed stronger cytotoxicity than the aqueous extract with IC50 values of 14.4±3.0, 14.2±1.2 and 34.7±0.5µg/ml on OVCAR-8, A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780cis ovarian cancer cells, respectively. The organic extract was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation by partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol in water. The ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent on the three ovarian cancer cell lines. A GC-MS analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives of this fraction indicated the presence of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and the alkaloid securinine. The IC50 values of these two compounds were determined to be in the range of 3-16µM, which indicated that they could contribute to the cytotoxic activity of the extract of M. discoidea. CONCLUSIONS This study has evaluated the cytotoxicity of stem bark extracts of M. discoidea against ovarian cancer cells and provided a basis of further development of this plant for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okiemute Rosa Johnson-Ajinwo
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, ST4 7QB Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Richardson
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, ST4 7QB Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Wu Li
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, ST4 7QB Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
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Yang Y, Bai T, Sun P, Lian LH, Yao YL, Zheng HX, Li X, Li JB, Wu YL, Nan JX. Thymoquinone, a bioactive component of Nigella sativa Linn seeds or traditional spice, attenuates acute hepatic failure and blocks apoptosis via the MAPK signaling pathway in mice. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first report on hepatoprotective effect of thymoquinone induced byd-GalN/LPS. Thymoquinone alleviated the progress ofd-GalN/LPS induced acute hepatic failure via attenuating hepatocytes apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathway.
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