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Lu M, Zhang L, Pan J, Shi H, Zhang M, Li C. Advances in the study of the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn ( Crataegus anamesa Sarg.) extracts in cardiovascular diseases. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37337667 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorn belongs to the rose family and is a type of functional food. It contains various chemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and organic acid compounds. This study aimed to review the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn and its extracts on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hawthorn has a wide range of biological functions. Evidence suggests that the active components of HE reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, regulate lipid levels to prevent lipid accumulation, and inhibit free cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation. Additionally, hawthorn extract (HE) can protect vascular endothelial function, regulate endothelial dysfunction, and promote vascular endothelial relaxation. It has also been reported that the effective components of hawthorn can prevent age-related endothelial dysfunction, increase cellular calcium levels, cause antiplatelet aggregation, and promote antithrombosis. In clinical trials, HE has been proved to reduce the adverse effects of CVDs on blood lipids, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate, and exercise tolerance. Previous studies have pointed to the benefits of hawthorn and its extracts in treating atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Therefore, as both medicine and food, hawthorn can be used as a new drug source for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Huishan Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Saien J, Kharazi M, Pino V, Pacheco-Fernández I. Trends offered by ionic liquid-based surfactants: Applications in stabilization, separation processes, and within the petroleum industry. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saien
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mona Kharazi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Verónica Pino
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Idaira Pacheco-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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Tang J, Cao Y, Wang X, Yan W, Yao S. A targeted extraction with solvent-free pressurized method based on analyte-like oxonium salts: An example for simultaneous determination of bamboo-leaf flavonoids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462595. [PMID: 34662825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By using novel oxonium salts in "Sandwich" mode, an improved approach of targeted enrichment through a pressurized solvent-free extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV) analysis was developed for main bioactive flavonoids in bamboo leaves. As solid extractants, these salts have the same structural nucleus with analytes. By comparison, the yield of this new method was higher than that of reported ways, and the highest enrichment factor reached 394.22. The whole process was more consistent with pseudo-second order model (R2=0.9994) with the rate constant of 0.0537 (g/mg·min). Moreover, ideal selectivity, linearity, repeatability, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and recovery were all achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Wentao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Nanomicellar Extraction of Polyphenols-Methodology and Applications Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111392. [PMID: 34768823 PMCID: PMC8584012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of the appropriate extraction method is crucial, especially for the receiving of active substances from plant material. The extraction using supercritical liquids and micellar-mediated extraction (MME) is the most advantageous among the alternative methods to classical solid-liquid extraction. However, the latter seems to be the best solution when the desired actives are polar. The following article presents a comprehensive review of the micellar-mediated extraction method in the last decade. The theoretical principle of the process was also refreshed and the current state of knowledge on the applications for analytical and manufacturing purposes was summarized.
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Sultana H, Barai M, Mandal MK, Manna E, Maiti DK, Dhara D, Panda AK. Effect of ionic liquid on the micellization behavior of bile salts in aqueous medium. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1915155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Barai
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Emili Manna
- Centre for Life Science, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Xue Q, Wang Y, Fei C, Ren C, Li W, Li W, Yin F, Li L. Profiling and analysis of multiple constituents in Crataegi Fructus before and after processing by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9033. [PMID: 33368723 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Crataegi Fructus (CF) is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines with a long history of clinical applications. CF is often processed to minimize gastric membrane irritation, although differently processed products can have different biological effects. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively identify the chemical composition of CF, determine the changes caused by processing, and elucidate the active constituents causing the clinical effects. This study aimed to define a theoretical basis for intensive mechanistic studies of CF processing and its reasonable clinical applications. METHODS An optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QqTOFMS) method in positive and negative ion modes, coupled with multivariate statistical analyses, was developed for the identification and analysis of chemical components in raw and processed products of CF. RESULTS A total of 87 compounds were identified, including 61 marker compounds that were found to be primary contributors to the significant differences (p < 0.01) between raw and processed products using principal component analysis, t-test, and Venn analysis. The conversion mechanism for a subset of the changed compounds was inferred by analyzing 25 unique differential components between the raw and processed CF. CONCLUSIONS A rapid and efficient analytical method for identifying the chemical components in CF before and after processing was successfully established. We show how the changes in the chemical constituents in processed CF could be investigated using multivariate statistical analysis methods, and thus facilitate understanding of the processing mechanism of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zhang J, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhao X, Liu Z, Zhou W. A systems-based analysis to explore the multiple mechanisms of Shan Zha for treating human diseases. Food Funct 2021; 12:1176-1191. [PMID: 33432314 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shan Zha has garnered increasing attention in the field of functional foods and medicines due to its widely reported healing effects. However, the potential mechanisms of Shan Zha for human health benefits have not been fully interpreted. Therefore, in the current study, a systems-based method that integrates ADME evaluation, target fishing, gene ontology enrichment analysis, network pharmacology, and pathway analysis is proposed to clarify the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of Shan Zha. As a result, 45 active components of Shan Zha that interacted with 161 protein targets were screened and identified. Moreover, gene ontology enrichment, network and pathway analysis indicated that Shan Zha is beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular system diseases, digestive system diseases, immune system diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other diseases through multiple mechanisms. Our study not only proposed an integrated method to comprehensively elucidate the complicated mechanisms of Shan Zha for the treatment of various disorders at the system level, but also provided a reference approach for the mechanistic research of other functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lilei Zhang
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China. and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Analysis of phenolic acids by ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet and electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:132-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Cao J, Peng LQ, Du LJ, Zhang QD, Xu JJ. Ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid-based micellar extraction combined with microcrystalline cellulose as sorbent in dispersive microextraction for the determination of phenolic compounds in propolis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cao J, Peng LQ, Xu JJ, Du LJ, Zhang QD. Simultaneous microextraction of inorganic iodine and iodinated amino acids by miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion with molecular sieves and ionic liquids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Abdelhamid HN. Ionic liquids for mass spectrometry: Matrices, separation and microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Cao W, Cao J, Ye LH, Xu JJ, Hu SS, Peng LQ. Synthesis and application of mesoporous molecular sieve for miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of bioactive flavonoids from toothpaste, plant, and saliva. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2951-60. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Hu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Li-Qing Peng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou P.R. China
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Zhao J, Ge LY, Xiong W, Leong F, Huang LQ, Li SP. Advanced development in phytochemicals analysis of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (2011-2014). J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:39-54. [PMID: 26385085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, we wrote a review for summarizing the phytochemical analysis (2006-2010) of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (Zhao et al., J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7453-7475). Since then, more than 750 articles related to their phytochemical analysis have been published. Therefore, an updated review for the advanced development (2011-2014) in this topic is necessary for well understanding the quality control and health beneficial phytochemicals in these materials, as well as their research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Ya Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Wei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Fong Leong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Effervescent-salt-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction using mesoporous hybrid materials coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace-level compounds in complicated plant preparations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1763-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Li C, Lu Z, Zhao C, Yang L, Fu Y, Shi K, He X, Li Z, Zu Y. Ionic-liquid-based ultrasound/microwave-assisted extraction of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one from maize (Zea maysL.) seedlings. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:291-300. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Zhicheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Kunming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
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Hu SS, Cao W, Dai HB, Da JH, Ye LH, Cao J, Li XY. Ionic-liquid-micelle-functionalized mesoporous Fe3O4 microspheres for ultraperformance liquid chromatography determination of anthraquinones in dietary supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8822-8829. [PMID: 25119112 DOI: 10.1021/jf502323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic solid-phase extraction method using ionic liquid (IL)-micelle-functionalized mesoporous Fe3O4 microspheres (MFMs) was proposed for the preconcentration of anthraquinones in dietary supplements. The analytes were then determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography combined with an ultraviolet detector. The extraction parameters, such as the choice of ILs, the concentrations of ILs and MFMs, the pH of diluent, and the concentration of acetic acid in the eluent, were presented. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 0.4-2.8 ng mL(-1) and 1.4-9.4 ng mL(-1), respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was investigated by recovery in herb and granules of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, yielding values between 89.25% and 96.48%. The use of the proposed method in the sample pretreatment of complex dietary supplements is feasible due to the high surface area and excellent adsorption capacity of MFMs after modification with IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Hu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 310036, China
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Optimization of ionic liquid based simultaneous ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted extraction of rutin and quercetin from leaves of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) by response surface methodology. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:283024. [PMID: 25243207 PMCID: PMC4163383 DOI: 10.1155/2014/283024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquids based simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction (ILs-UMAE) method has been proposed for the extraction of rutin (RU), quercetin (QU), from velvetleaf leaves. The influential parameters of the ILs-UMAE were optimized by the single factor and the central composite design (CCD) experiments. A 2.00 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br) was used as the experimental ionic liquid, extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 12 min, liquid-solid ratio 32 mL/g, microwave power of 534 W, and a fixed ultrasonic power of 50 W. Compared to conventional heating reflux extraction (HRE), the RU and QU extraction yields obtained by ILs-UMAE were, respectively, 5.49 mg/g and 0.27 mg/g, which increased, respectively, 2.01-fold and 2.34-fold with the recoveries that were in the range of 97.62–102.36% for RU and 97.33–102.21% for QU with RSDs lower than 3.2% under the optimized UMAE conditions. In addition, the shorter extraction time was used in ILs-UMAE, compared with HRE. Therefore, ILs-UMAE was a rapid and an efficient method for the extraction of RU and QU from the leaves of velvetleaf.
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