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Ma J, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zheng R, Tan H, Zhang H, Jin Z, Wu Y, Sun Z. Phillyrin: A potential therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis via modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112960. [PMID: 39159565 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the predominant cause of disability among elderly people worldwide and is characterized by cartilage degeneration and excessive bone formation. Phillyrin, derived from forsythia, is a key extract renowned for its pronounced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Forsythia, deeply integrated into traditional Oriental medicine, has historically been utilized for its various pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hepato-protective properties. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory impact of phillyrin on the progression of osteoarthritis remains enigmatic. The objective of this research was to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties of phillyrin in mouse chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, as well as to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying the phenomenon at play. Additionally, the investigation extends to observing the impact of phillyrin by establishing a murine osteoarthritic model. The ultimate goal was to identify phillyrin as a potential antiosteoarthritic agent. This investigation employs a multifaceted approach. Initially, key action targets of phillyrin, along with its probable action pathways, were identified by molecular docking and network pharmacological techniques. These findings were subsequently confirmed through both in vivo and in vitro studies. Network pharmacological analysis revealed NFE2L2 (NRF2), NFKB1, TLR4, and SERPING1 as pivotal candidate targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis with phillyrin. Molecular docking revealed hydrogen bond interactions between phillyrin and Arg415, Arg483, Ser508, and Asn387 on the Nrf2 receptor, while electrostatic interactions occurred with residues Arg415 and Arg380. Experiments conducted in vitro indicated that phillyrin preconditioning hindered the IL-1β-induced expression of proinflammatory factors which included TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, and iNOS. Furthermore, phillyrin counteracts the IL-1β-induced degradation of aggrecan and collagen II within the extracellular matrix (ECM). This protective action is caused by the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by phillyrin. Additionally, the mitigation of chondrocyte aging by phillyrin was observed. Our investigation revealed that phillyrin mitigates inflammation and counteracts cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) patients by suppressing inflammation in chondrocytes and impeding aging through suppression of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rukang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongye Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zebin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zeming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Thiruvengadam R, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Govindasamy R, Thiruvengadam M, Kim JH. Association of nanoparticles and Nrf2 with various oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110535. [PMID: 37187268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regultes the cellular antioxidant defense system at the posttranscriptional level. During oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and binds to antioxidant response element (ARE) to transcribe antioxidative metabolizing/detoxifying genes. Various transcription factors like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and histone methylation might also regulate the expression of Nrf2. Despite its protective role, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling is considered as a pharmacological target due to its involvement in various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, hepatotoxicity and kidney disorders. Recently, nanomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and are also used in various biological applications, for example, biosensors, drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, etc. In this review, we will be discussing the functions of nanoparticles and Nrf2 as a combined therapy or sensitizing agent and their significance in various diseases such as diabetes, cancer and oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Liang C, Liu L, Bao S, Yao Z, Bai Q, Fu P, Liu X, Zhang JH, Wang G. Neuroprotection by Nrf2 via modulating microglial phenotype and phagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13777. [PMID: 36852060 PMCID: PMC9957781 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia are divided into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functional states. In anti-inflammatory state, activated microglia contribute to phagocytosis, neural repair and anti-inflammation. Nrf2 as a major endogenous regulator in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has received much attention. This study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying Nrf2-mediated regulation of microglial phenotype and phagocytosis in hematoma clearance after ICH. In vitro experiments, BV-2 cells were assigned to normal group and administration group (Nrf2-siRNA, Nrf2 agonists Monascin and Xuezhikang). In vivo experiments, mice were divided into 5 groups: sham, ICH + vehicle, ICH + Nrf2-/-, ICH + Monascin and ICH + Xuezhikang. In vitro and in vivo, 72 h after administration of Monascin and Xuezhikang, the expression of Nrf2, inflammatory-associated factors such as Trem1, TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory, neural repair and phagocytic associated factors such as Trem2, CD206 and BDNF were analyzed by the Western blot method. In vitro, fluorescent latex beads or erythrocytes were uptaken by BV-2 cells in order to study microglial phagocytic ability. In vivo, hemoglobin levels reflect the hematoma volume. In this study, Nrf2 agonists (Monascin and Xuezhikang) upregulated the expression of Trem2, CD206 and BDNF while decreased the expression of Trem1, TNF-α and CD80 both in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, after Monascin and Xuezhikang treatment, the phagocytic capacity of microglia increased in vitro, neurological deficits improved and hematoma volume lessened in vivo. These results were reversed in the Nrf2-siRNA or the Nrf2-/- mice. All these results indicated that Nrf2 enhanced hematoma clearance and neural repair, improved neurological outcomes through enhancing microglial phagocytosis and alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Key Words
- BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CNS, Central nervous system
- DAMPs, Danger-associated molecular patterns
- HO-1,Heme oxygenase-1, Hp,Haptoglobin
- Hematoma clearance
- ICH, Intracerebral hemorrhage
- IFNγ,Interferon-gamma, IL-1β,Interleukin 1β
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteasesNF-κB,Nuclear factor-kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
- Microglial phenotype
- NO, Nitric oxide
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PPAR-ɤ, Peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Phagocytosis
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- Trem1, Triggering receptors I expressed on myeloid cells
- Trem2, Triggering receptors II expressed on myeloid cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.,People's Hospital of Yaodu District, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Shuangjin Bao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhenjia Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.,Department of Neurology, Sanya Central Hospital (Haian Third People's Hospital), Hainan Medical University, Sanya 572000, China
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Adin SN, Gupta I, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. Monascin and ankaflavin-Biosynthesis from Monascus purpureus, production methods, pharmacological properties: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:137-147. [PMID: 35353924 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus copiously yields beneficial secondary metabolites , including Monascus pigments, which are broadly used as food additives, as a nitrite substitute in meat products, and as a colorant in the food industry. Monascus yellow pigments (monascin and ankaflavin) have shown potential antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and antiobesity activities. Cosmetic and textile industries are other areas where it has established its potential as a dye. This paper reviews the production methods of Monascus yellow pigments, biosynthesis of Monascus pigments from M. purpureus, factors affecting yellow pigment production during fermentation, and the pharmacological properties of monascin and ankaflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nashvia Adin
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Pan YN, Jia C, Yu JP, Wu ZW, Xu GC, Huang YX. Fibroblast growth factor 9 reduces TBHP-induced oxidative stress in chondrocytes and diminishes mouse osteoarthritis by activating ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109606. [PMID: 36700776 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and progressive disease that affects joints. Pathologically, it is characterized by oxidative stress-mediated excessive chondrocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) has been shown to exert antioxidant effects and prevent degenerative diseases by activating ERK-related signaling pathways. However, the mechanism of FGF9 in the pathogenesis of OA and its relationship with anti-oxidative stress and related pathways are unclear. In this study, mice with medial meniscus instability (DMM) were used as the in vivo model whereas TBHP-induced chondrocytes served as the in vitro model to explore the mechanism underlying the effects of FGF9 in OA and its association with anti-oxidative stress. Results showed that FGF9 reduced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in TBHP-treated chondrocytes and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to activate the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, silencing the Nrf2 gene or blocking the ERK signaling pathway abolished the antioxidant effects of FGF9. FGF9 treatment reduced joint space narrowing, cartilage ossification, and synovial thickening in the DMM model mice. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that FGF9 can inhibit TBHP-induced oxidative stress in chondrocytes through the ERK and Nrf2-HO1 signaling pathways and prevent the progression of OA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Pei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhou-Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-Chao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Xing Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Development of mode of action networks related to the potential role of PPARγ in respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105821. [PMID: 34403731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor, operating at the intercept of metabolic control and immunomodulation. It is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues and organs, including lungs. There is a growing body of information supporting the role of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to develop mode of action (MoA) networks reflecting the relationships between PPARγ signalling and the progression/alleviation of a spectrum of lung pathologies. Data mining was performed using the resources of the NIH PubMed and PubChem information systems. By linking available data on pathological/therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, knowledge-based MoA networking at different levels of biological organization (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system) was performed. Multiple MoA networks were developed to relate PPARγ modulation to the progress or the alleviation of pulmonary disorders, triggered by diverse pathogenic, genetic, chemical, or mechanical factors. Pharmacological targeting of PPARγ signalling was discussed with regard to ligand- and cell type-specific effects in the context of distinct disease inductor- and disease stage-dependent patterns. The proposed MoA networking analysis allows for a better understanding of the potential role of PPARγ modulation in lung pathologies. It presents a mechanistically justified basis for further computational, experimental, and clinical monitoring studies on the dynamic control of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases.
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Zhu DC, Wang YH, Lin JH, Miao ZM, Xu JJ, Wu YS. Maltol inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2021; 12:1327-1337. [PMID: 33443518 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and inflammation. Currently, there is hardly any effective treatment for OA due to its complicated pathology and the severe side effects of the treatment drugs used. It has been reported that maltol, a Maillard reaction product derived from ginseng, inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in several animal models. However, the potential anti-inflammatory effects of maltol in OA treatment are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of maltol on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced mouse chondrocytes and protective effects of maltol on these chondrocytes in medial meniscus destabilization (DMM) OA mouse models. Mice, randomly divided into maltol (n = 15), vehicle (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups were treated with the same dose of maltol or saline, respectively. The cartilage tissues were extracted for histological analysis 8 weeks postoperative. For the in vitro studies, chondrocytes were treated with 10 ng mL-1 IL-1β combined with maltol at different concentrations. In vitro assays showed that the maltol pre-treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of multiple inflammatory factors induced by IL-1β, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). In addition, maltol alleviated the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by inhibiting the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and thrombospondin motif 5 (ADAMTS5), as well as reversing the degradation of aggrecan and collagen II. Moreover, maltol suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in in vitro and in vivo studies. These findings indicate that maltol reduces the inflammation induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that maltol may be a potential drug for the effective treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Min Miao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao-Sen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Bhandari R, Kaur J, Kaur S, Kuhad A. The Nrf2 pathway in psychiatric disorders: pathophysiological role and potential targeting. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:115-139. [PMID: 33557652 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1887141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: All psychiatric disorders exhibit excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neural damage as their common characteristic. The endogenous nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is implicated in the defense mechanism against oxidative stress and has a significant role in psychiatric disorders.Areas covered: We explore the role of Nrf2 pathway and its modulators in psychiatric disorders. The literature was searched utilizing various databases such as Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Pub-Med, and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2020. The search included research articles, clinical reports, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.Expert opinion: Environmental factors and genetic predisposition can be a trigger for the development of psychiatric disorders. Nrf2 downregulates certain inflammatory pathways and upregulates various antioxidant enzymes to maintain a balance. However, its intricate balance with NF-Kβ (Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) and its crosstalk with the transcription factor Nrf2 is critical in severe oxidative stress. Several Nrf2 modulators are now in clinical trials and can help reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. There are immense potential opportunities for these modulators to become a novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Japneet Kaur
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Simerpreet Kaur
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ding Y, Kang J, Liu S, Xu Y, Shao B. The Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:588516. [PMID: 33281727 PMCID: PMC7705069 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a complex pathological process that often occurs secondary to trauma, surgery, and shock. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a subunit of the PPAR and is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. After being activated by its ligand, PPARγ can combine with specific DNA response elements to regulate the transcription and expression of genes. It has a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, modulating anti-tumor mechanisms, and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARγ exerts a protective effect during CI/RI. This article aims to summarize the research progress of studies that have investigated the protective effects of PPARγ in CI/RI and the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which these effects are modulated, including inhibition of excitatory amino acid toxicity, reduced Ca2+ overload, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of microglial activation, maintain the BBB, promotion of angiogenesis, and neurogenesis and anti-apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:30-51. [PMID: 33024516 PMCID: PMC7520643 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory infections. The airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign organisms. These cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors (T2Rs) and respond by producing antimicrobials, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Coordinated regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary transport. Airway cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and proliferation. Akt also regulates proteins involved in innate immune pathways. Akt phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzymes expressed in airway epithelial cells. Activation of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral roles. Moreover, Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms, including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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11
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Monascin exhibits neuroprotective effects in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease via antioxidation and anti-neuroinflammation. Neuroreport 2020; 31:637-643. [PMID: 32427711 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence verified that oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory response exacerbates motor deficits and increases neuronal loss in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we explore the neuroprotective effects of monascin in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that monascin remarkedly attenuated behavioral impairments and the depletion of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone in the rats. Besides, monascin decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde while promoted the expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and other antioxidant factors. Further detection of the expression of related proteins showed that monascin significantly promoted the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, F-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1, but inhibited the expression of NF-κB. What's more, levels of growth factors that are essential for neuronal and synaptic function were increased under the effects of monascin. All in all, our results revealed that monascin exerted neuroprotective effects in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease via antioxidation and anti-neuroinflammation.
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12
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Shi YX, Chen WS. Monascin ameliorate inflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells via suppressing the NF-κB/p65 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:461-468. [PMID: 32489561 PMCID: PMC7239424 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41045.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, in which inflammatory reactions play a vital role. Microglia cells activation, an essential process of neuroinflammation, can produce neurotoxic molecules and neurotrophic factors, which aggravate inflammation and neuronal injury. Monascin, a major component of red yeast rice, is an azaphilonoid pigment with potential anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effects in central nervous system have not been evaluated. Our goal in this project was to explore the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Monascin, which may be via anti-inflammatory action. Materials and Methods We used lipopolysaccharide to induce BV-2 microglial cells in order to form an inflammation model in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects of Monascin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blot and Immunofluorescent staining. Results Our data indicated that inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide were suppressed by Monascin treatment. Furthermore, the related pro-inflammatory genes were inhibited consistent with the results of ELISA assay. Western blotting results showed that the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB/p65) was reduced by Monascin treatment may be through suppressing the activation of IκB. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that the translocation of NF-κB/p65 to the cellular nuclear was blockaded after Monascin treatment. Conclusion Taken together, Monascin exerts anti-inflammatory effect and suppressed microglia activation, which suggested its potential therapeutic effect for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lin A, Inman RD, Streutker CJ, Zhang Z, Pritzker KPH, Tsui HW, Tsui FWL. Lipocalin 2 links inflammation and ankylosis in the clinical overlap of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:51. [PMID: 32188494 PMCID: PMC7081573 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the clinical overlap between gut inflammation and joint ankylosis, as exemplified by the concurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). As dysbiosis may serve as a common contributor, the anti-microbial pleiotropic factor lipocalin 2 could be a potential mediator due to its roles in inflammation and bone homeostasis. Methods Baseline colonic pathology was conducted in the ank/ank mouse model. Serum lipocalin 2 was analyzed by ELISA, in ank/ank mutants versus C3FeB6-A/Aw-jwt/wt, in patients with concurrent AS-IBD, AS alone, IBD alone, or mechanical back pain, and in healthy controls. In the ank/ank mouse model, the expression of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was examined by real-time PCR. Intraperitoneal injection was done with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone or antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether for four consecutive days. Serum levels of lipocalin 2 were examined on the sixth day. Results This study showed that the ank/ank mice with fully fused spines had concurrent colonic inflammation. By first using the ank/ank mouse model with progressive ankylosis and subclinical colonic inflammation, confirmed in patients with concurrent AS and IBD, elevated circulating lipocalin 2 levels were associated with the coexisting ankylosis and gut inflammation. The intracellular pathway of lipocalin 2 was further investigated with the ank/ank mouse model involving PPARγ. Colonic expression of PPARγ was negatively associated with the degree of gut inflammation. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone treatment significantly upregulated the serum levels of lipocalin 2, suggesting a potential regulatory role of PPARγ in the aberrant expression of lipocalin 2. Conclusions In summary, lipocalin 2 modulated by PPARγ could be a potential pathway involved in concurrent inflammation and ankylosis in AS and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,KeyIntel Medical Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Robert D Inman
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth P H Pritzker
- KeyIntel Medical Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hing Wo Tsui
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence W L Tsui
- KeyIntel Medical Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Luo Z, Hu Z, Bian Y, Su W, Li X, Li S, Wu J, Shi L, Song Y, Zheng G, Ni W, Xue J. Scutellarin Attenuates the IL-1β-Induced Inflammation in Mouse Chondrocytes and Prevents Osteoarthritic Progression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:107. [PMID: 32161544 PMCID: PMC7054241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease wherein the articular cartilage exhibits inflammation and degradation. Scutellarin (SCU) is a flavonoid glycoside with a range of pharmacological activities, as shown in previous studies demonstrating its anti-inflammatory activity. How SCU impacts the progression of OA, however, has not been explored to date. Herein, we assessed the impact of SCU on murine chondrocytes in an OA model system. In in vitro assays, we measured chondrocyte expression of key OA-associated factors such as matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via qRT-PCR and Western blotting, the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by qRT-PCR. Our results showed that the downregulation of MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, COX-2, and iNOS expression by SCU and the overproduction of IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 induced by IL-1β were all inhibited by SCU in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, SCU was able to reverse aggrecan and collagen II degradation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway activation both in vivo and in vitro. We further used a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) murine model of OA to explore the therapeutic benefits of SCU in vivo. Together, our findings suggest SCU to be a potentially valuable therapeutic agent useful for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zucheng Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yonghuan Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jixin Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Virk MS, Ramzan R, Virk MA, Yuan X, Chen F. Transfigured Morphology and Ameliorated Production of Six Monascus Pigments by Acetate Species Supplementation in Monascus ruber M7. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010081. [PMID: 31936171 PMCID: PMC7023389 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus species have been used for the production of many industrially and medically important metabolites, most of which are polyketides produced by the action of polyketide synthases that use acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as precursors, and some of them are derived from acetate. In this study the effects of acetic acid, and two kinds of acetates, sodium acetate and ammonium acetate at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5%) on the morphologies, biomasses, and six major Monascus pigments (MPs) of M. ruber M7 were investigated when M7 strain was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28 °C for 4, 8, 12 days. The results showed that all of the added acetate species significantly affected eight above-mentioned parameters. In regard to morphologies, generally the colonies transformed from a big orange fleecy ones to a small compact reddish ones, or a tightly-packed orange ones without dispersed mycelia with the increase of additives concentration. About the biomass, addition of ammonium acetate at 0.1% increased the biomass of M. ruber M7. With respect to six MPs, all acetate species can enhance pigment production, and ammonium acetate has the most significant impacts. Production of monascin and ankaflavin had the highest increase of 11.7-fold and 14.2-fold in extracellular contents at the 8th day when 0.1% ammonium acetate was supplemented into PDA. Intracellular rubropunctatin and monascorubrin contents gained 9.6 and 6.46-fold at the 8th day, when 0.1% ammonium acetate was added into PDA. And the extracellular contents of rubropunctamine and monascorubramine were raised by 1865 and 4100-fold at the 4th day when M7 grew on PDA with 0.5% ammonium acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.V.); (R.R.); (X.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.V.); (R.R.); (X.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Xi Yuan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.V.); (R.R.); (X.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.S.V.); (R.R.); (X.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87282111
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17
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Tseng V, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Redox Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:874-897. [PMID: 30582337 PMCID: PMC6751396 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) maintains pulmonary vascular health through coordination of antioxidant defense systems, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Insufficient PPARγ contributes to pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis, whereas therapeutic restoration of PPARγ activity attenuates PH in preclinical models. Recent Advances: Numerous studies in the past decade have elucidated the complex mechanisms by which PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV) protects against PH. The scope of PPARγ-interconnected pathways continues to expand and includes induction of antioxidant genes, transrepression of inflammatory signaling, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic integrity, control of cell cycle and proliferation, and regulation of vascular tone through interactions with nitric oxide and endogenous vasoactive molecules. Furthermore, PPARγ interacts with an extensive regulatory network of transcription factors and microRNAs leading to broad impact on cell signaling. Critical Issues: Abundant evidence suggests that targeting PPARγ exerts diverse salutary effects in PH and represents a novel and potentially translatable therapeutic strategy. However, progress has been slowed by an incomplete understanding of how specific PPARγ pathways are critically disrupted across PH disease subtypes and lack of optimal pharmacological ligands. Future Directions: Recent studies indicate that ligand-induced post-translational modifications of the PPARγ receptor differentially induce therapeutic benefits versus adverse side effects of PPARγ receptor activation. Strategies to selectively target PPARγ activity in diseased cells of pulmonary circulation and RV, coupled with development of ligands designed to specifically regulate post-translational PPARγ modifications, may unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile master transcriptional and metabolic regulator in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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18
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Sun J, Liu HY, Lv CZ, Qin J, Wu YF. Modification, Antitumor Activity, and Targeted PPARγ Study of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid, an Important Active Ingredient of Licorice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9643-9651. [PMID: 31390199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is often used as sweetener and cosmetic ingredients in food and pharmaceutical industries. Among them, glycyrrhetic acid is one of the most important agents. Studies have shown that glycyrrhetic acid exhibited antitumor activities as PPARγ agonist. However, the limited number of PPARγ glycyrrhetinic agonists and their high toxicity greatly limit the design based on the structure. Therefore, clarifying the binding mode between PPARγ and small molecules, we focused on the introduction of a natural active piperazine skeleton in the position of glycyrrhetinic acid C-3. According to the Combination Principle and the Structure-Based Drug Design, 19 glycyrrhetic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential PPARγ agonists. Compounds 4c and 4q were screened as high-efficiency and low-toxicity lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou 310023 , People's Republic of China
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Company, Limited , Nanjing 210046 , People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Liu
- School of Life Science , Shandong University of Technology , Zibo 255049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Lv
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou 310023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Life Science , Shandong University of Technology , Zibo 255049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Feng Wu
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Science & Technology , Hangzhou 310023 , People's Republic of China
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19
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Bhargava P, Verma VK, Malik S, Khan SI, Bhatia J, Arya DS. Hesperidin regresses cardiac hypertrophy by virtue of PPAR‐γ agonistic, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22283. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Bhargava
- Department of PharmacologyCardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of PharmacologyCardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Salma Malik
- Department of PharmacologyCardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Sana Irfan Khan
- Department of PharmacologyCardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of PharmacologyCardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of PharmacologyCardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
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20
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Yao Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Ding J, Wang S, Huang B, Ke S, Gao C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive biomaterials mediate tissue microenvironments and tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5019-5037. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ROS-responsive biomaterials alleviate the oxidative stress in tissue microenvironments, promoting tissue regeneration and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Haolan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jie Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Baiqiang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Shifeng Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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21
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Zheng G, Zhan Y, Tang Q, Chen T, Zheng F, Wang H, Wang J, Wu D, Li X, Zhou Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Xu H, Tian N, Zhang X. Monascin inhibits IL-1β induced catabolism in mouse chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis. Food Funct 2018; 9:1454-1464. [PMID: 29473075 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease and is the fourth major cause of disability, but there are no effective therapies because of its complex pathology and the side effects of the drugs.
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22
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Wang G, Wang L, Sun XG, Tang J. Haematoma scavenging in intracerebral haemorrhage: from mechanisms to the clinic. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:768-777. [PMID: 29278306 PMCID: PMC5783832 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The products of erythrocyte lyses, haemoglobin (Hb) and haem, are recognized as neurotoxins and the main contributors to delayed cerebral oedema and tissue damage after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Finding a means to efficiently promote absorption of the haemolytic products (Hb and haem) around the bleeding area in the brain through stimulating the function of the body's own garbage cleaning system is a novel clinical challenge and critical for functional recovery after ICH. In this review, available information of the brain injury mechanisms underlying ICH and endogenous haematoma scavenging system is provided. Meanwhile, potential intervention strategies are discussed. Intracerebral blood itself has ‘toxic’ effects beyond its volume effect after ICH. Haptoglobin–Hb–CD163 as well as haemopexin–haem–LRP1 is believed to be the most important endogenous scavenging pathway which participates in blood components resolution following ICH. PPARγ–Nrf2 activates the aforementioned clearance pathway and then accelerates haematoma clearance. Meanwhile, the scavenger receptors as novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat ICH are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqing Wang
- The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Xin-Gang Sun
- The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Sukjamnong S, Chan YL, Zakarya R, Saad S, Sharma P, Santiyanont R, Chen H, Oliver BG. Effect of long-term maternal smoking on the offspring's lung health. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L416-L423. [PMID: 28522560 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00134.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy contributes to long-term health problems in offspring, especially respiratory disorders that can manifest in either childhood or adulthood. Receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are multiligand receptors abundantly localized in the lung, capable of responding to by-products of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory responses. RAGE signaling is a key regulator of inflammation in cigarette smoking-related pulmonary diseases. However, the impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on lung RAGE signaling in the offspring is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE), as well as mitochondria-targeted antioxidant [mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ)] treatment, during pregnancy on the RAGE-mediated signaling pathway in the lung of male offspring. Female Balb/c mice (8 wk) were divided into a sham group (exposed to air), an SE group (exposed to cigarette smoke), and an SE + MQ group (exposed to cigarette smoke with MitoQ supplement from mating). The lungs from male offspring were collected at 13 wk. RAGE and its downstream signaling, including nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase family consisting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, ERK2, c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphorylated JNK, in the lung were significantly increased in the SE offspring. Mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase was reduced, whereas IL-1β and oxidative stress response nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 were significantly increased in the SE offspring. Maternal MitoQ treatment normalized RAGE, IL-1β, and Nrf-2 levels in the SE + MQ offspring. Maternal SE increased RAGE and its signaling elements associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in offspring lungs, whereas maternal MitoQ treatment can partially normalize these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surpon Sukjamnong
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Razia Zakarya
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Renal Group Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachana Santiyanont
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hui Chen
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Centre for Health Technologies & Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Li Y, Zhang H. Soybean isoflavones ameliorate ischemic cardiomyopathy by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Food Funct 2017; 8:2935-2944. [PMID: 28745354 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00342k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) is the major cause of heart failure. Conventional medicine has been proved ineffective with adverse effects. Soybean presents exciting adjunctive therapies and shows protective benefits for IC. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Isoflavones are the main bioactive components of soybean and may be protective against heart disease. Isoflavones were extracted by using an acidic-ethanol method and analyzed by HPLC. All patients with ischemic stroke were randomly and evenly assigned to two groups: the isoflavone group (80 mg day-1, n = 100) and control group (80 mg day-1 placebo, n = 100), and the whole period of the experiment was 24 weeks. The effects of soybean isoflavone on brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured. HPLC fractionation shows that isoflavone extracts are mainly composed of 55% genistein, 23% daidzein, and 14% glycitein. Isoflavone therapy reduced more levels of triglyceride and LDL-c in females than in males. FMD was higher in the isoflavone group than in the control group after 24-week therapy (treatment effect 2.0%, 95% CI 0.18-3.0, P = 0.01). The baseline differences were adjusted in FMD and the isoflavone therapies were closely associated with the reduction of FMD impairment at 24 weeks (odds ratio 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.85, P = 0.01). The effects of isoflavone on brachial FMD were negatively associated with base FMD (r = -0.65, P < 0.01). Furthermore, isoflavone therapy caused a significant increase in the levels of erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a significant decrease in serum levels of C-reactive protein, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In contrast, the isoflavones had no effects on the levels of oxidation-related molecules when Nrf2 was silenced. These results suggest that soybean isoflavones ameliorate IC patients by improving their antioxidant capacities via the upregulation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University Bethune, Xinmin Street No.71, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University Bethune, Xinmin Street No.71, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
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25
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Wang J, Wang G, Yi J, Xu Y, Duan S, Li T, Sun XG, Dong L. The effect of monascin on hematoma clearance and edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:24-29. [PMID: 28655601 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly devastating form of stroke with high mortality and morbidity. Hematomas are the primary cause of neurologic deficits associated with ICH. The products of hematoma are recognized as neurotoxins and the main contributors to edema formation and tissue damage after ICH. Finding a means to efficiently promote absorption of hematoma is a novel clinical challenge for ICH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), had been shown that, can take potential roles in the endogenous hematoma clearance. However, monascin, a novel natural Nrf2 activator with PPARγ agonist, has not been reported to play a role in ICH. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of monascin on neurological deficits, hematoma clearance and edema extinction in a model of ICH in rats. METHODS 164 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham; vehicle; monascin groups with low dosages (1mg/kg/day), middle dosages (5mg/kg/day) and high dosages (10mg/kg/day) respectively. Animals were euthanized at 1, 3 and 7days following neurological evaluation after surgery. We examined the effect of monascin on the brain water contents, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and hemoglobin levels, meanwhile reassessed the volume of hematoma and edema around the hematoma by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in each group. RESULTS The high dosage of monascin significantly improved neurological deficits, reduced the volume of hematoma in 1-7days after ICH, decreased BBB permeability and edema formation in 1-3days following ICH. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the high dosage of monascin played a neuroprotective role in ICH through reducing BBB permeability, edema and hematoma volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Yingze, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Yingze, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 382 WuYi Avenue, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Jinying Yi
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Yingze, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 382 WuYi Avenue, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shuna Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Yingze, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Yingze, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xin-Gang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 382 WuYi Avenue, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Yingze, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
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Lin CH, Lin TH, Pan TM. Alleviation of metabolic syndrome by monascin and ankaflavin: the perspective of Monascus functional foods. Food Funct 2017; 8:2102-2109. [PMID: 28608901 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolites of Monascus with multiple benefits are popular subjects for the development of functional foods. The yellow pigments, monascin and ankaflavin, which are the constituent metabolites of M. purpureus, M. pilosus and M. ruber, are becoming the focus of research on Monascus. Monascin and ankaflavin are azaphilone compounds with similar structures that exhibit multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, immunomodulation, attenuation of Alzheimer's disease risk factor, and anti-tumorigenic effects. Monascin and ankaflavin not only possess pleiotropic bioactivities, but are also more potent than monacolin K in lowering lipid levels and have lower toxicity. Monascin and ankaflavin act as the activators of PPARγ agonist/Nrf-2 that subsequently ameliorate metabolic syndrome. Following the intensive exploration of Monascus bioactivities in recent years, the focus of research on Monascus-functional foods has shifted from whole fermented products/extracts to specific bioactive compounds. Therefore, the production of monascin and ankaflavin is an important topic with respect to Monascus-functional foods. Although several genomic studies have paved the way for understanding the production of secondary metabolites in Monascus, efforts are still required to effectively manipulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with genetic engineering and/or culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hui Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsing Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from a microalga in a murine recurrent colitis model. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:2044-2052. [PMID: 28025954 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet and nutritional factors have emerged as possible interventions for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which are characterised by chronic uncontrolled inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Microalgal species are a promising source of n-3 PUFA and derived oxylipins, which are lipid mediators with a key role in the resolution of inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from Chlamydomonas debaryana on a recurrent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice model. Moderate chronic inflammation of the colon was induced in BALB/c mice by weekly intracolonic instillations of low dose of TNBS. Administration of the lyophilised microalgal biomass started 2 weeks before colitis induction and was continued throughout colitis development. Mice were killed 48 h after the last TNBS challenge. Oral administration of the microalgal biomass reduced TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation, evidenced by an inhibition of body weight loss, an improvement in colon morphology and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. This product also down-regulated colonic expressions of inducible nitric oxide, cyclo-oxygenase 2 and NF-κB, as well as increased PPAR-γ. In addition, lyophilised microalgal biomass up-regulated the expressions of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and the target gene heme oxygenase 1. This study describes for the first time the prophylactic effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised microalgae biomass from C. debaryana in the acute phase of a recurrent TNBS-induced colitis model in mice. These findings suggest the potential use of this microalga, or derived oxylipins, as a nutraceutical in the treatment of IBD.
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Shi YC, Pan TM, Liao VHC. Monascin from Monascus-Fermented Products Reduces Oxidative Stress and Amyloid-β Toxicity via DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7114-7120. [PMID: 27554775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and toxicity are leading risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Monascin (MS) is a novel compound proposed for antioxidative stress applications and is derived from an edible fungus secondary metabolite. This study assessed the effects of MS on oxidative stress, paralysis, Aβ accumulation, and lifespan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and investigated its underlying mechanisms of action. The results showed that MS increased the survival of C. elegans under juglone-induced oxidative stress and attenuated endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, MS induced a decline in Aβ-induced paralysis phenotype and Aβ deposits in the transgenic strains CL4176 and CL2006 of C. elegans, which expresses human muscle-specific Aβ1-42 in the cytoplasm of body wall muscle cells. In addition, mRNA levels of strain CL4176 of several antioxidant genes (sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, hsp16.2) and daf-16 were up-regulated by MS treatment when compared to the nontreated controls. Further evidence showed that MS treatment in C. elegans strains lacking DAF-16/FOXO did not affect paralysis or lifespan phenotypes. The findings indicate that MS reduces oxidative stress and Aβ toxicity via DAF-16 in C. elegans, suggesting that MS can be used for the prevention of AD-associated oxidative stress complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Ching Shi
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering and ‡Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Chang YY, Hsu WH, Pan TM. Monascus secondary metabolites monascin and ankaflavin inhibit activation of RBL-2H3 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:192-199. [PMID: 25525886 DOI: 10.1021/jf504013n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monascus-fermented products have been used as dietary food and traditional medicine due to their beneficial effects on circulation and digestive systems in Asia for thousands of years. Besides, monascin and ankaflavin, secondary metabolites from Monascus-fermented products, have proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In previous research, monascin and ankaflavin ameliorated ovalbumin-induced airway allergic reaction often used as a type I allergy asthma model. Additionally, mast cells play critical roles in type I allergy. Therefore, RBL-2H3 cells were used as the mast cell model to determine whether the improving effects on asthma of monascin and ankaflavin came from influencing mast cells. PMA and ionomycin are common activators of mast cells because they stimulate the main signaling molecules during mast cell activation. Forty micromolar monascin and ankaflavin inhibited PMA/ionomycin-induced mast cell degranulation and TNF-α secretion through suppressing the phosphorylation of PKC and MAPK family ERK, JNK, and p38. Consequently, monascin and ankaflavin affected the activation of mast cells and may have the potential to improve type I allergy.
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