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Zhang R, Tang R, Wang W, Bi J, Xu X, Fan Q, Li Y, Chen Q. Engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase improves the conversion efficiency of rebaudioside A to glucosylated steviol glycosides and increases the content of short-chain glycosylated steviol glycoside. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:113. [PMID: 37312096 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with steviol glycosides, the taste of glucosylated steviol glycosides is better and more similar to that of sucrose. At present, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is primarily used to catalyze the conversion of steviol glycosides to glucosylated steviol glycosides, with soluble starch serving as a glycosyl donor. The main disadvantages of enzymatic transglycosylation are the limited number of enzymes available, the low conversion rates that result in low yields, and the lack of selectivity in the degree of glycosylation of the products. In order to fill these gaps, the proteome of Alkalihalobacillus oshimensis (also named Bacillus oshimensis) was used for mining novel CGTases. RESULTS Here, CGTase-15, a novel β-CGTase with a wide pH adaptation range, was identified and characterized. The catalyzed product of CGTase-15 tasted better than that of the commercial enzyme (Toruzyme® 3.0 L). In addition, two amino acid sites, Y199 and G265, which play important roles in the conversion of steviol glycosides to glucosylated steviol glycosides were identified by site-directed mutagenesis. Compared with CGTase-15, CGTase-15-Y199F mutant significantly increased the conversion rate of rebaudioside A (RA) to glucosylated steviol glycosides. Compared with CGTase-15, the content of short-chain glycosylated steviol glycosides catalyzed by CGTase-15-G265A mutant was significantly increased. Moreover, the function of Y199 and G265 was verified in other CGTases. The above mutation pattern has also been applied to CGTase-13 (a CGTase discovered by our laboratory with great potential in the production of glycosylated steviol glycosides), confirming that the catalytic product of CGTase-13-Y189F/G255A mutant has a better taste than that of CGTase-13. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the improvement of the sensory profiles of glycosylated steviol glycosides through site-directed mutagenesis of CGTase, which is significant for the production of glycosylated steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiahua Bi
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xianrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Lin X, Bai Y, Jiang Q. Precise Fabrication of Folic Acid-Targeted Therapy on Metformin Encapsulated β-Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials for Treatment of Lung Cancer. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Site-saturation mutagenesis of proline 176 in Cyclodextrin Glucosyltransferase from Bacillus sp. Y112 effects product specificity and enzymatic properties. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Castillo J, Caminata Landriel S, Sánchez Costa M, Taboga OA, Berenguer J, Hidalgo A, Ferrarotti SA, Costa H. A single mutation in cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii changes cyclodextrin and maltooligosaccharides production. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 31:399-407. [PMID: 30690526 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) are bacterial enzymes that catalyze starch conversion into cyclodextrins, which have several biotechnological applications including solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, masking of unpleasant odors and flavors in pharmaceutical preparations, and removal of cholesterol from food. Additionally, CGTases produce maltooligosaccharides, which are linear molecules with potential benefits for human health. Current research efforts are concentrated in the development of engineered enzymes with improved yield and/or particular product specificity. In this work, we analyzed the role of four residues of the CGTase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii as determinants of product specificity. Single mutations were introduced in the CGTase-encoding gene to obtain mutants A137V, A144V, L280A and M329I and the activity of recombinant proteins was evaluated. The residue at position 137 proved to be relevant for CGTase activity. Molecular dynamics studies demonstrated additionally that mutation A137V produces a perturbation in the catalytic site of the CGTase, which correlates with a 10-fold reduction in its catalytic efficiency. Moreover, this mutant showed increased production of maltooligosaccharides with a high degree of polymerization, mostly maltopentaose to maltoheptaose. Our results highlight the role of residue 137 as a determinant of product specificity in this CGTase and may be applied to the rational design of saccharide-producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- JdlM Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Caminata Landriel
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Sánchez Costa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Taboga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Berenguer
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hidalgo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Ferrarotti
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Costa
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INEDES-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Zhang J, Li M, Zhang Y. Enhancing the thermostability of recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase via optimized stabilizer. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Theoretical study of an anti-Markovnikov addition reaction catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin. J Mol Model 2018; 24:77. [PMID: 29500625 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic internal cavity, which allows it to form host-guest complexes with a wide range of guests, such as organics, inorganics, and biomolecules. The aforementioned features lead to an extensive range of applications of β-CD, as the properties of β-CD mean that it is environmentally friendly and can be recovered and reused without mass loss. Here, the β-CD-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov addition of styrene to thiophenol in the presence of aerial oxygen and in aqueous solution to give 1-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)-1-ethanol was studied using density functional theory (DFT) and the Hartree-Fock (HF) method. The optimal configuration of the inclusion complex of styrene and thiophenol within β-CD was obtained, which indicated that styrene and thiophenol enter from the secondary and primary hydroxyl ends of β-CD, respectively. Moreover, hydrogen bonding of β-CD with styrene and thiophenol contributes to the stability of the inclusion complex. An investigation of the charges from electrostatic potentials using a grid-based method (CHELPG) highlighted the distribution of atomic charges upon complexation. The reaction sites of styrene and thiophenol were determined based on electrostatic potentials (ESPs) and condensed dual descriptors. The calculated 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum of β-CD implied that the chemical shifts of its protons change and H3 and H5 move to higher fields upon complexation, while the calculated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectrum of styrene suggested that this molecule is electrophilic. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Hu X, Zou C. Pentaerythrityl tetra-β-cyclodextrin: Synthesis, characterization and application in multiple responses hydrogel. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Pan S, Ding N, Ren J, Gu Z, Li C, Hong Y, Cheng L, Holler TP, Li Z. Maltooligosaccharide-forming amylase: Characteristics, preparation, and application. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:619-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Liu Y, Ban X, Li C, Gu Z, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z. Met349 Mutations Enhance the Activity of 1,4-α-Glucan Branching Enzyme from Geobacillus thermoglucosidans STB02. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5674-5680. [PMID: 28557456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1,4-α-Glucan branching enzyme (GBE, EC 2.4.1.18) is used to increase the number of α-1,6 branch points in starch and glycogen. On the basis of a multiple sequence alignment of the GBEs from a variety of bacteria, residue 349 (Geobacillus thermoglucosidans STB02 numbering) in region III is generally methionine in bacteria with higher identity, while it is threonine or serine in bacteria with lower identity. Four mutants (M349T, M349S, M349H, and M349Y) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and characterized. M349T and M349S showed 24.5% and 21.1% increases in specific activity compared with that of wild-type GBE, respectively. In addition, M349T and M349S displayed 24.2% and 17.6% enhancements in the α-1,6-glycosidic linkage ratio of potato starch samples, respectively. However, M349Y displayed a significant reduction in activity. Moreover, the mutations at M349 have a negligible effect on substrate specificity. Thus, M349T and M349S are more suitable for industrial applications than wild-type GBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Jia X, Guo Y, Lin X, You M, Lin C, Chen L, Chen J. Fusion of a family 20 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM20) with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase of Geobacillus
sp. CHB1 improves catalytic efficiency. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:471-480. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Jia
- Institute of Applied Ecology; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences; Fuzhou China
| | - Yonghua Guo
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences; Fuzhou China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences; Fuzhou China
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou China
| | - Chenqiang Lin
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences; Fuzhou China
| | - Longjun Chen
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences; Fuzhou China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer; Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences; Fuzhou China
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Zhang K, Su L, Duan X, Liu L, Wu J. High-level extracellular protein production in Bacillus subtilis using an optimized dual-promoter expression system. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:32. [PMID: 28219382 PMCID: PMC5319110 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently constructed a Bacillus subtilis strain (CCTCC M 2016536) from which we had deleted the srfC, spoIIAC, nprE, aprE and amyE genes. This strain is capable of robust recombinant protein production and amenable to high-cell-density fermentation. Because the promoter is among the factors that influence the production of target proteins, optimization of the initial promoter, PamyQ from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, should improve protein expression using this strain. This study was undertaken to develop a new, high-level expression system in B. subtilis CCTCC M 2016536. RESULTS Using the enzyme β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (β-CGTase) as a reporter protein and B. subtilis CCTCC M 2016536 as the host, nine plasmids equipped with single promoters were screened using shake-flask cultivation. The plasmid containing the PamyQ' promoter produced the greatest extracellular β-CGTase activity; 24.1 U/mL. Subsequently, six plasmids equipped with dual promoters were constructed and evaluated using this same method. The plasmid containing the dual promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' produced the highest extracellular β-CGTase activity (30.5 U/mL) and was relatively glucose repressed. The dual promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' also mediated substantial extracellular pullulanase (90.7 U/mL) and α-CGTase expression (9.5 U/mL) during shake-flask cultivation, demonstrating the general applicability of this system. Finally, the production of β-CGTase using the dual-promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' system was investigated in a 3-L fermenter. Extracellular expression of β-CGTase reached 571.2 U/mL (2.5 mg/mL), demonstrating the potential of this system for use in industrial applications. CONCLUSIONS The dual-promoter PHpaII-PamyQ' system was found to support superior expression of extracellular proteins in B. subtilis CCTCC M 2016536. This system appears generally applicable and is amenable to scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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12
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Double mutations enhance β-cyclization activity of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Li C, Xu Q, Gu Z, Chen S, Wu J, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase variants experience different modes of product inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Asp577 mutations enhance the catalytic efficiency of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 83:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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