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Gampa M, Nagar S, Kumari K, Tanwar E, Goyal S, Kumar V, Singh B. Cyclic extraction of phosphate from soybean meal using immobilized Aspergillus oryzae SBS50 phytase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:39-55. [PMID: 37962643 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytase enzyme found in plants, animals, and microorganisms is mainly involved in catalyzing the systematic removal of a phosphate group from phytic acid. Enzyme immobilization is one of the cost-effective methods for the wide usage of enzymes in the industrial sector. This paper reports the covalent immobilization of phytase on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide beads. The immobilization yield, efficiency, and activation energy were found to be 47.8%, 71.5%, and 15.78 J/mol, respectively. The bound enzyme displayed a shift in pH optima from 5.5 to 4.5, which is more beneficial to increase digestibility in comparison with the free enzyme. Immobilized phytase retained 42.60% of its activity after 1.0 h incubation at 80 °C, whereas free enzyme retained only 4.20% of its activity. Thermodynami increase in half-lives, D-values, enthalpy and free energy change after covalent immobilization could be credited to the enhanced stability. Immobilized phytase could be reused for five consecutive cycles retaining 51% of its initial activity with sodium phytate. The immobilized phytase was also found effective to hydrolyze the soybean meal, thus increasing the digestibility of poultry feed. The hydrolyzing reaction of soybean meal was carried out for six consecutive cycles and immobilized phytase retained nearly 50% of activity till the fifth cycle. The amount of phosphorus released after treatment with immobilized phytase was far higher than that from free phytase. Immobilization on this support is significant, as this support can sustain high mechanical resistance at high pH and temperature. This considerable stability and reusability of the bound enzyme may be advantageous for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Gampa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ekta Tanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sakshi Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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Reddy BHR, Thankachan P, Hatakayama M, Hiremath N, Moretti D, Nanjareddy YA, Thumilan MB, Ravikumar RL, Phadnis S, Bose B, Poveda L, Kalaiah G, Zimmermann MB, Shimizu KK, Schlapbach R, Kurpad AV, Sreeman SM. A Natural Low Phytic Acid Finger Millet Accession Significantly Improves Iron Bioavailability in Indian Women. Front Nutr 2022; 8:791392. [PMID: 35402470 PMCID: PMC8988890 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.791392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency and anemia are common in low- and middle-income countries. This is due to a poor dietary iron density and low iron absorption resulting from the high inhibitory phytic acid content in cereal and millet-based diets. Here, we report that a naturally occurring low phytic acid finger millet accession (571 mg 100 g−1), stable across three growing seasons with normal iron content (3.6 mg 100 g−1), increases iron absorption by 3-folds in normal Indian women. The accessions differing in grain phytic acid content, GE 2358 (low), and GE1004 (high) were selected from a core collection of 623 accessions. Whole genome re-sequencing of the accessions revealed significant single nucleotide variations segregating them into distinct clades. A non-synonymous mutation in the EcABCC phytic acid transporter gene between high and low accessions could affect gene function and result in phytic acid differences. The highly sensitive dual stable-isotope erythrocyte incorporation method was adopted to assess the fractional iron absorption. The low phytic acid accession resulted in a significantly higher iron absorption compared with the high phytic acid accession (3.7 vs. 1.3%, p < 0.05). The low phytic acid accession could be effective in preventing iron deficiency in regions where finger millet is habitually eaten. With its low water requirement, finger millet leaves low environmental footprints and hence would be an excellent sustainable strategy to mitigate iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellam H. Rajashekar Reddy
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Prashanth Thankachan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Masoami Hatakayama
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Netravati Hiremath
- All India Coordinated Research Project (Foods and Nutrition), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Diego Moretti
- Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yellodu A. Nanjareddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mathi B. Thumilan
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Shamprasad Phadnis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Beena Bose
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lucy Poveda
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geetha Kalaiah
- All India Coordinated Research Project (Foods and Nutrition), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Michael B. Zimmermann
- Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anura V. Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sheshshayee M. Sreeman
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Sheshshayee M. Sreeman
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Corrêa TLR, de Araújo EF. Fungal phytases: from genes to applications. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1009-1020. [PMID: 32410091 PMCID: PMC7455620 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid stores 60-90% of the inorganic phosphorus in legumes, oil seeds, and cereals, making it inaccessible for metabolic processes in living systems. In addition, given its negative charge, phytic acid complexes with divalent cations, starch, and proteins. Inorganic phosphorous can be released from phytic acid upon the action of phytases. Phytases are phosphatases produced by animals, plants, and microorganisms, notably Aspergillus niger, and are employed as animal feed additive, in chemical industry and for ethanol production. Given the industrial relevance of phytases produced by filamentous fungi, this work discusses the functional characterization of fungal phytase-coding genes/proteins, highlighting the physicochemical parameters that govern the enzymatic activity, the development of phytase super-producing strains, and key features for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamy Lívia Ribeiro Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Vicosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Elza Fernandes de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Vicosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
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Kalkan SO, Bozcal E, Hames Tuna EE, Uzel A. Characterisation of a thermostable and proteolysis resistant phytase from Penicillium polonicum MF82 associated with the marine sponge Phorbas sp. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1785434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saban Orcun Kalkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Bozcal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Esin Hames Tuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Atac Uzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Pereira AM, Guedes M, Matos E, Pinto E, Almeida AA, Segundo MA, Correia A, Vilanova M, Fonseca AJM, Cabrita ARJ. Effect of Zinc Source and Exogenous Enzymes Supplementation on Zinc Status in Dogs Fed High Phytate Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030400. [PMID: 32121315 PMCID: PMC7142709 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential element, a cofactor of many enzymes, and performs catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. Once in the gastrointestinal tract, zinc can interact with food constituents. Phytic acid, the major phosphorus storage in plants, limits zinc availability from animal feeds due to the formation of insoluble complexes with phytates. This study tested the effect of supplemental zinc source (zinc sulfate and a chelate zinc proteinate) and the addition of exogenous enzymes from a solid-state fermentation product of Aspergillus niger to a high phytate diet. The study was designed according to three Latin Squares 4 × 4 with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with four periods, four diets, and 12 young adult Beagles. Periods lasted 5 weeks each. Diets were supplemented with 75 mg/kg of zinc sulfate (IZ) or zinc proteinate (OZ), and without or with 200 mg/kg of exogenous enzymes (IZ+, OZ+). Results showed that zinc proteinate increased the bioavailability of phosphorus, yet the zinc biomarkers remained unaffected by the zinc source, with the exception of lymphocyte subsets that benefit from zinc proteinate. The use of exogenous enzymes did not affect zinc availability nor nutrient and energy digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.G.); (A.J.M.F.)
| | - Margarida Guedes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.G.); (A.J.M.F.)
| | - Elisabete Matos
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A., Estrada Nacional 109 Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. João Ovar, Portugal;
| | - Edgar Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Agostinho A. Almeida
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Alexandra Correia
- i3S/IBMC—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- i3S/IBMC—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.); (M.V.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J. M. Fonseca
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.G.); (A.J.M.F.)
| | - Ana Rita J. Cabrita
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.G.); (A.J.M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-428-000
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Coutinho TC, Tardioli PW, Farinas CS. Phytase Immobilization on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Improves Its Properties for Use in Animal Feed. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:270-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Microbial degradation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6): specificity, kinetics, and simulation. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:268. [PMID: 29868306 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is crucial to deal with nutritional problems in monogastric animals as well as to prevent environmental phosphate pollution. The present study deals with the degradation of IP6 by microorganisms such as Sporosarcina spp. pasteurii, globiospora, psychrophila, Streptococcus thermophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii. These microbes were screened for phytase production under laboratory conditions. The specificity of the enzyme was tested for various phosphorylated substrates such as sodium phytate (IP6), sodium hexametaphosphate, phenyl phosphate, α-d-glucose-6 phosphate, inosine 5' monophosphate and pyridoxal 5' phosphate. These enzymes were highly specific to IP6. The influence of modulators such as phytochemicals and metal ions on the enzymatic activity was assessed. These modulators in different concentrations had varying effect on microbial phytases. Calcium (in optimal concentration of 0.5 M) played an important role in enzyme activation. The enzymes were then characterized based on their molecular weight 41~43 kDa. The phytase-producing microbes were assessed for IP6 degradation in a simulated intestinal setup. Among the selected microbes, Sporosarcina globiospora hydrolyzed IP6 effectively, as confirmed by colorimetric time-based analysis.
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Substrate specificity and transfucosylation activity of GH29 α-l-fucosidases for enzymatic production of human milk oligosaccharides. N Biotechnol 2018; 41:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bandyopadhyay D, Das K, Sen SK. Purification of thermo and acid tolerant extracellular phytase from a new soil isolate of Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina S-12. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nielsen AV, Meyer AS. Phytase-mediated mineral solubilization from cereals under in vitro gastric conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3755-3761. [PMID: 26678688 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate) in cereals may improve mineral bioavailability in humans. This study quantified enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytic acid by measuring inositol tri- to hexakisphosphate (InsP3-6) degradation and iron and zinc release during microbial phytase action on wheat bran, rice bran and sorghum under simulated gastric conditions. RESULTS InsP3-6 was depleted within 15-30 min of incubation using an Aspergillus niger phytase or Escherichia coli phytase under simulated gastric conditions, with the two enzymes dephosphorylating cereal phytic acid at similar rates and to similar extents. Microbial phytase-catalyzed phytate dephosphorylation was accompanied by increased iron and zinc release from the cereal substrates. However, for wheat bran at pH 5, the endogenous wheat phytase activity produced mineral release equal to or better than that of the microbial phytases. No increases in soluble cadmium, lead or arsenic were observed with microbial phytase-catalyzed phytate dephosphorylation. CONCLUSION Microbial phytase treatment abated phytate chelation hence enhanced the release of iron and zinc from phytate-rich cereals under simulated gastric conditions. The data infer that acid-stable microbial phytases can help improve iron bioavailability from phytate-rich cereal substrates via post-ingestion activity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vf Nielsen
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Soeltofts Plads 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Soeltofts Plads 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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