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Inguscio CR, Cisterna B, Carton F, Barberis E, Manfredi M, Malatesta M. Modifications of Blood Molecular Components after Treatment with Low Ozone Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17175. [PMID: 38139004 PMCID: PMC10742958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ex vivo treatment of a limited volume of blood with gaseous oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) mixtures and its rapid reinfusion into the patient is a widespread medical procedure. O3 instantly reacts with the blood's antioxidant systems, disappearing before reinfusion, although the molecules formed act as messengers in the organism, inducing multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. An appropriate dose of O3 is obviously essential to ensure both safety and therapeutic efficacy, and in recent years, the low-dose O3 concept has led to a significant reduction in the administered O3 concentrations. However, the molecular events triggered by such low concentrations in the blood still need to be fully elucidated. In this basic study, we analysed the molecular modifications induced ex vivo in sheep blood by 5 and 10 µg O3/mL O2 by means of a powerful metabolomics analysis in association with haemogas, light microscopy and bioanalytical assays. This combined approach revealed increased oxygenation and an increased antioxidant capacity in the O3-treated blood, which accorded with the literature. Moreover, original information was obtained on the impact of these low O3 concentrations on the metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides, with the modified metabolites being mostly involved in the preservation of the oxidant-antioxidant balance and in energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rita Inguscio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Barbara Cisterna
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Flavia Carton
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
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Exploring the phytoconstituents targeting TNF-α as potential lead compounds to treat inflammatory diseases: an in-silico approach. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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3
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Wang S, Liu Q, Zeng T, Zhan J, Zhao H, Ho CT, Xiao Y, Li S. Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals. Food Funct 2022; 13:11986-11998. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), which is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, has been consumed as a vegetable and also used as herbal medicine for thousands of years worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yunli Xiao
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Efficacy of Bottle Gourd Seeds' Extracts in Chemical Hazard Reduction Secreted as Toxigenic Fungi Metabolites. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110789. [PMID: 34822573 PMCID: PMC8620683 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottle gourd seeds are surrounded by innumerable bioactive components of phytochemicals. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bottle gourd extracts as antimicrobial and an-ti-mycotoxigenic against toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Polar and nonpolar extracts were made from the seeds. The polar eco-friendly extract was prepared by an ultrasonication-assisted technique utilizing aqueous isopropanol (80%), whereas the non-polar extract was obtained using petroleum ether (40–60). The antioxidant efficacy, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content of the extracts were all measured. The fatty acid profile was measured using GC equipment, and the influence on toxigenic fungus and mycotoxin release was also investigated. The antioxidant efficacy of the polar extract is reflected. The total phenolic values of the oil and polar extract were 15.5 and 267 mg of GAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the oil was 2.95 mg catechol/g, whereas the isopropyl extract of seeds contained 14.86 mg catechol/g. The polar extract inhibited the DPPH more effectively than oil. When compared to other seed oils, the fatty acid composition differed. The pathogens were distinguished by the MIC and MFC for the polar extract. Three sterols were found in the oil, with a high concentration of B-sitosterols. The oil’s valuable -carotene content and tocopherol content were recorded. When compared to traditional antibiotics, the polar extract has shown promising antimicrobial activity against infections and toxigenic fungi. Bottle gourd extracts, as a non-traditional bioactive source, are viewed as a potentially promising alternative that might contribute to increased food safety, shelf-life, and security.
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Perez JL, Shivanagoudra SR, Perera WH, Kim DM, Wu CS, Sun Y, Jayaprakasha G, Patil BS. Bitter melon extracts and cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides antagonize lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Kung WM, Lin MS. Beneficial Impacts of Alpha-Eleostearic Acid from Wild Bitter Melon and Curcumin on Promotion of CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain 2: Therapeutic Roles in CNS Injuries and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073289. [PMID: 33804820 PMCID: PMC8037269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and abnormal mitochondrial function are related to the cause of aging, neurodegeneration, and neurotrauma. The activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), exaggerating these two pathologies, underlies the pathogenesis for the aforementioned injuries and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) belongs to the human NEET protein family with the [2Fe-2S] cluster. CISD2 has been verified as an NFκB antagonist through the association with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR-β). This protective protein can be attenuated under circumstances of CNS injuries and diseases, thereby causing NFκB activation and exaggerating NFκB-provoked neuroinflammation and abnormal mitochondrial function. Consequently, CISD2-elevating plans of action provide pathways in the management of various disease categories. Various bioactive molecules derived from plants exert protective anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and serve as natural antioxidants, such as conjugated fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Herein, we have summarized pharmacological characters of the two phytochemicals, namely, alpha-eleostearic acid (α-ESA), an isomer of conjugated linolenic acids derived from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.), and curcumin, a polyphenol derived from rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. In this review, the unique function of the CISD2-elevating effect of α-ESA and curcumin are particularly emphasized, and these natural compounds are expected to serve as a potential therapeutic target for CNS injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Man Kung
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Muh-Shi Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Department of Health Business Administration, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2665-1900
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Perera WH, Shivanagoudra SR, Pérez JL, Kim DM, Sun Y, K. Jayaprakasha G, S. Patil B. Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic Properties and In Silico Modeling of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from Fruits of an Indian Cultivar of Momordica charantia L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041038. [PMID: 33669312 PMCID: PMC7920048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the last decades. Studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are intimately involved in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Momordica charantia L. fruits are used in traditional medicine to manage diabetes. Herein, we report the purification of a new 23-O-β-d-allopyranosyl-5β,19-epoxycucurbitane-6,24-diene triterpene (charantoside XV, 6) along with 25ξ-isopropenylchole-5(6)-ene-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), karaviloside VI (2), karaviloside VIII (3), momordicoside L (4), momordicoside A (5) and kuguaglycoside C (7) from an Indian cultivar of Momordica charantia. At 50 µM compounds, 2–6 differentially affected the expression of pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS, and mitochondrial marker COX-2. Compounds tested for the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes at 0.87 mM and 1.33 mM, respectively. Compounds showed similar α-amylase inhibitory activity than acarbose (0.13 mM) of control (68.0–76.6%). Karaviloside VIII (56.5%) was the most active compound in the α-glucosidase assay, followed by karaviloside VI (40.3%), while momordicoside L (23.7%), A (33.5%), and charantoside XV (23.9%) were the least active compounds. To better understand the mode of binding of cucurbitane-triterpenes to these enzymes, in silico docking of the isolated compounds was evaluated with α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer H. Perera
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Siddanagouda R. Shivanagoudra
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Jose L. Pérez
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Da Mi Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Bhimanagouda S. Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-458-890; Fax: +1-979-862-4522
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Liu Z, Gong J, Huang W, Lu F, Dong H. The Effect of Momordica charantia in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:3796265. [PMID: 33510802 PMCID: PMC7826218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3796265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies of Momordica charantia (MC) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have been reported. This article reviewed the effect and mechanism of MC against diabetes, including the results from in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials. The common side effects of MC were also summarized. We hope that it might open up new ideas for further mechanism exploration and clinical application as well as provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development of drugs or foods derived from MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Grade 2016 of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jandari S, Ghavami A, Ziaei R, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Sharifi S, Khorvash F, Pahlavani N, Mohammadi H. Effects of Momordica charantia L on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1833916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Jandari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Omokhua-Uyi AG, Van Staden J. Phytomedicinal relevance of South African Cucurbitaceae species and their safety assessment: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112967. [PMID: 32422356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE South Africa has a very rich flora. Many of these species such as those in the Cucurbitaceae family are exploited as medicines for the treatment of various infections. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of the review was to synthesize the existing but scattered literature of some plant species in the Cucurbitaceae family used as sources of medicines in South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature survey was carried out on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological relevance and safety assessment of the South African Cucurbitaceae used as medicines. RESULTS A total of 11 plants namely; Coccinia rehmannii Cogn., Cucumis africanus L.f., Cucumis anguria L. var. longaculeatus J.H.Kirkbr., Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin subsp. myriocarpus, Cucumis zeyheri Sond., Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey ex Naudin, Kedrostis nana (Lam) Cogn., Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Momordica balsamina L., Momordica charantia L., and Momordica foetida Schumach. and Thonn were identified. Various traditional medicinal uses for these plants, from common ailments to life-threatening infections were reported. Biological activities including antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective were reported. However, some of the plants have not been investigated for some of the biological activities related to their traditional uses. In addition, most of the studies were carried out using non-standardized extracts. Thus, only a few studies on their bioactive constituents exist. Common compounds identified within the species are hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids such as sinapic, gallic, vanillic and salicylic acids; flavonoids such as naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol and rutin; fatty acids such as linoleic, palmitoleic, myristic and stearic acids; the saponin glycosides, momordicin alkaloids and cucurbitacins. However, most of these compounds have not been tested for biological activities. Cucurbitacins were implicated as a major class of toxic compounds present in the plants resulting in poisoning and death. CONCLUSIONS Adequate knowledge of the traditional use of these plants in medicine and the parts used are very important due to the presence of toxic substances and their wide usage. Proper screening of the safety of these plants and products derived from them calls for urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitebiremen Gift Omokhua-Uyi
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa.
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A Cucurbitane Aldehyde from the Fruit Pulp of Momordica charantia. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Momordica charantia Suppresses Inflammation and Glycolysis in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173783. [PMID: 32825228 PMCID: PMC7504525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is a key event that triggers inflammatory response. The activation is accompanied by metabolic shift such as upregulated glucose metabolism. There are accumulating evidences showing the anti-inflammatory activity of Momordica charantia. However, the effects of M. charantia on inflammatory response and glucose metabolism in activated macrophages have not been fully established. The present study aimed to examine the effect of M. charantia in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and perturbed glucose metabolism in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The results showed that LPS-induced NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation was inhibited by M. charantia treatment. In addition, M. charantia was found to reduce the expression of inflammatory genes including IL6, TNF-α, IL1β, COX2, iNOS, and IL10 in LPS-treated macrophages. Furthermore, the data showed that M. charantia reduced the expression of GLUT1 and HK2 genes and lactate production (-28%), resulting in suppression of glycolysis. Notably, its effect on GLUT1 gene expression was found to be independent of LPS-induced inflammation. A further experiment also indicated that the bioactivities of M. charantia may be attributed to its key bioactive compound, charantin. Taken together, the study provided supporting evidences showing the potential of M. charantia for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities of Bitter Gourd Fruit Extracts at Three Different Cultivation Stages. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7394751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we are presenting the effect of three ripening stages of air-dried bitter gourd fruit extracts on phenolic acid composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The results showed mature bitter gourd fruit extract in 100% methanol showing 78% DPPHº scavenging activity. Immature dried fruit extract in 80% and 100% methanol showed promising antibacterial activities, i.e., >18.5 ± 0.21 mm zone-of-inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, while mature dried fruit extract in 80% methanol showed 18.4 ± 0.17 mm zone-of-inhibition against Escherichia coli. Anticancer activity results of 100% methanol extracts of ripened fruit possess showed 6.72 ± 1.81 and 3.55 ± 0.51 mg/mL IC50 values with HeLa and MDBK cancer cell lines, respectively. The overall results indicate that the immature and ripen fruits of BG could be extracted in pure methanol as an antibacterial and anticancer phytomedicine.
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Rolnik A, Olas B. Vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family and their products: Positive effect on human health. Nutrition 2020; 78:110788. [PMID: 32540673 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family is a large group of crops with more than 800 species known worldwide. Vegetables from this family have been used for centuries, not only for consumption, but also for their medicinal value. The most characteristic cucurbits are pumpkin and cucumber, which are cultivated and consumed in many parts of the world. Seeds from cucurbits have many health benefits and are a popular snack. Cucurbit plants are rich in carotenoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phytochemicals. Vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family have a positive influence on human health, and various studies have clearly indicated that cucurbit vegetables have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and purgative properties. This mini review evaluates the current literature about vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family and their products, in addition to their positive effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rolnik
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland
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In vitro and in silico elucidation of antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive compounds from Momordica charantia L. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3097-3109. [PMID: 31196754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) has been used to manage diabetes and related conditions in various parts of the world. In the present study, ten compounds were isolated from acetone and methanol extracts of bitter melon. The chemical structures of compounds were unambiguously elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra. Identified compounds 1-7 exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase and moderate inhibition of α-glucosidase activities. Momordicoside G and gentisic acid 5-O-β-d-xyloside showed the highest inhibition of α-amylase (70.5%), and α-glucosidase (56.4%), respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of isolated compounds 1-7 were able to bind to the active sites of both enzymes. Additionally, the isolated compounds 1-7 significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory markers NF-κB, INOS, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Cox-2 in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. One phenolic derivative, gentisic acid 5-O-β-d-xyloside, was isolated and identified for the first time from bitter melon, and significantly suppressed the expression of Cox-2 and IL-6 compared to the LPS-treated group. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are targets of anti-diabetes drugs, our findings suggest that compounds purified from bitter melon may have potential to use as functional food ingredients for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and related inflammatory conditions.
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Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Polito L. Momordica charantia, a Nutraceutical Approach for Inflammatory Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:486. [PMID: 31139079 PMCID: PMC6517695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia, commonly called bitter melon, is a plant belonging to Cucurbitaceae family known for centuries for its pharmacological activities, and nutritional properties. Due to the presence of many bioactive compounds, some of which possess potent biological actions, this plant is used in folk medicine all over the world for the treatment of different pathologies, mainly diabetes, but also cancer, and other inflammation-associated diseases. It is widely demonstrated that M. charantia extracts contribute in lowering glycaemia in patients affected by type 2 diabetes. However, the majority of existing studies on M. charantia bioactive compounds were performed only on cell lines and in animal models. Therefore, because the real impact of bitter melon on human health has not been thoroughly demonstrated, systematic clinical studies are needed to establish its efficacy and safety in patients. Besides, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that bitter melon may also elicit toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties of bitter melon, discussing its pharmacological activity as well as the potential adverse effects. Even if a lot of literature is available about bitter melon as antidiabetic drug, few papers discuss the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Nerurkar PV, Orias D, Soares N, Kumar M, Nerurkar VR. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) modulates adipose tissue inflammasome gene expression and adipose-gut inflammatory cross talk in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 68:16-32. [PMID: 31005847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and tissue-specific inflammation has a profound influence on regulation of metabolism, and therefore, strategies to reduce inflammation are of special interest in prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Antiobesity and antidiabetic properties of Momordica charantia (bitter melon, BM) have been linked to its protective effects on inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis. We investigated the mechanisms by which freeze-dried BM juice reduces adipose inflammation in mice fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Although earlier studies indicated that BM inhibited recruitment of macrophages (Mφ) infiltration in adipose tissue of rodents and reduced NF-kB and IL-1β secretions, the mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrate that freeze-dried BM juice inhibits recruitment of Mφ into adipose tissue and its polarization to inflammatory phenotype possibly due to reduction of sphingokinase 1 (SPK1) mRNA in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, reduction of IL-1β secretion by freeze-dried BM juice in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice is correlated to alleviation of NLRP3 inflammasome components and their downstream signaling targets. We confirm previous observations that BM inhibited inflammation of colon and gut microbial dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, which in part may be associated with the observed anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue if HFD-fed mice. Overall, functional foods such as BM may offer potential dietary interventions that may impact sterile inflammatory diseases such as obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha V Nerurkar
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Daniella Orias
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Natasha Soares
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology; Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Saeed F, Afzaal M, Niaz B, Arshad MU, Tufail T, Hussain MB, Javed A. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a natural healthy vegetable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sung HC, Liu CW, Hsiao CY, Lin SR, Yu IS, Lin SW, Chiang MH, Liang CJ, Pu CM, Chen YC, Lin MS, Chen YL. The effects of wild bitter gourd fruit extracts on ICAM-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells of C57BL/6J mice and microRNA-221/222 knockout mice: Involvement of the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:90-99. [PMID: 29655703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracts from wild bitter gourd fruit (WBGE) were reported to possess numerous pharmacological activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of WBGE on human lung epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. PURPOSE To evaluate the molecular basis of the effects of WBGE on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in alveolar epithelial (A549) cells, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and microRNA (miR)-221/-222 knockout (KO) mice with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α; 3 ng/ml) treatment. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS WT mice and miR-221/-222 KO mice were fed a control diet and divided into four groups (C: control mice; T: treated with TNF-α alone; WBGE/T: pretreated with WBGE and then stimulated with TNF-α; WBGE: treated with WBGE alone). The effects of WBGE on ICAM-1 expression and the related signals in A549 cells and mice with or without TNF-α treatment were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS WBGE significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in A549 cells through the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB)/ inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation and decreased leukocyte adhesion. In addition, WBGE reduced endogenous ICAM-1 expression and upregulated miR-221/-222 expression. The overexpression of miR-222 decreased PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/IκB and ICAM-1 expression, which resulted in reducing monocyte adhesion. Moreover, WBGE reduced ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues of WT mice with or without TNF-α treatment and upregulated miR-221/222. WBGE did not affect the miR-221/-222 level and had little effect on ICAM-1 expression in miR-221/-222 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WBGE reduced ICAM-1 expression both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The protective effects were mediated partly through the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Pu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yang WS, Yang E, Kim MJ, Jeong D, Yoon DH, Sung GH, Lee S, Yoo BC, Yeo SG, Cho JY. Momordica charantia Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in Murine Macrophages via Suppression of TAK1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:435-452. [PMID: 29463104 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia known as bitter melon is a representative medicinal plant reported to exhibit numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antitumor, and hypoglycemic actions. Although this plant has high ethnopharmacological value for treating inflammatory diseases, the molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits the inflammatory response are not fully understood. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of this plant. To this end, we studied the effects of its methanol extract (Mc-ME) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Specifically, we evaluated nitric oxide (NO) production, mRNA expression of inflammatory genes, luciferase reporter gene activity, and putative molecular targets. Mc-ME blocked NO production in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells; importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were decreased by Mc-ME treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Luciferase assays and nuclear lysate immunoblotting analyses strongly indicated that Mc-ME decreases the levels of p65 [a nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B subunit] and c-Fos [an activator protein (AP)-1 subunit]. Whole lysate immunoblotting assays, luciferase assays, and overexpression experiments suggested that transforming growth factor [Formula: see text]-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is targeted by Mc-ME, thereby suppressing NF-[Formula: see text]B and AP-1 activity via downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and AKT. These results strongly suggest that Mc-ME exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the action of TAK1, which also affects the activation of NF-[Formula: see text]B and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Seok Yang
- * Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Yang
- † Gyeonggi Science High School for the Gifted, Suwon 16297, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- ‡ Department of Radiology, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- * Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- § Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- § Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungihm Lee
- † Gyeonggi Science High School for the Gifted, Suwon 16297, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- ¶ Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gu Yeo
- ∥ Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- * Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,† Gyeonggi Science High School for the Gifted, Suwon 16297, Republic of Korea
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Chen CR, Liao YW, Kuo YH, Hsu JL, Chang CI. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, 7β,23( S)-dimethoxycucurbita-5,24-dien-3β-ol (1) and 3 β-hydroxycucurbita-6,23( E),25-trien-5 β,19-olide (2), and two known cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, 7 β,25-dimethoxycucurbita-5,23( E)-dien-3 β-ol (3) and karavilagenin D (4), were isolated from the fruit pulp of Momordica charantia. Their structures were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectra (1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) as well as EI-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95002, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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DNA Microarray-Based Screening and Characterization of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MICROARRAYS 2017; 6:microarrays6010004. [PMID: 28146102 PMCID: PMC5374364 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of DNA microarray assay (DMA) has entered a new era owing to recent innovations in omics technologies. This review summarizes recent applications of DMA-based gene expression profiling by focusing on the screening and characterizationof traditional Chinese medicine. First, herbs, mushrooms, and dietary plants analyzed by DMA along with their effective components and their biological/physiological effects are summarized and discussed by examining their comprehensive list and a list of representative effective chemicals. Second, the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized by examining the genes and pathways responsible for the action, the cell functions involved in the action, and the activities found by DMA (silent estrogens). Third, applications of DMA for traditional Chinese medicine are discussed by examining reported examples and new protocols for its use in quality control. Further innovations in the signaling pathway based evaluation of beneficial effects and the assessment of potential risks of traditional Chinese medicine are expected, just as are observed in other closely related fields, such as the therapeutic, environmental, nutritional, and pharmacological fields.
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Kunde DA, Chong WC, Nerurkar PV, Ahuja KD, Just J, Smith JA, Guven N, Eri RD. Bitter melon protects against ER stress in LS174T colonic epithelial cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:2. [PMID: 28049460 PMCID: PMC5210302 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bitter Melon (BM) has been used as a functional food in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for many generations and has gained a great deal of attention due to its apparent benefits in moderating some of the pathogenic processes in a variety of inflammatory conditions. BM extract (BME) has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant properties. In addition, it can ameliorate oxidative stress and potentially ER stress. There is increasing evidence that oxidative and ER stress are major contributors for intestinal secretory cell dysfunction which leads to local inflammation and disease pathogenesis that are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Hence, the search for potential therapeutics against ER stress and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial secretory cells may provide valuable resources for the management of IBD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of BME in ameliorating ER stress in colonic epithelial cells. METHODS Human colonic adenocarcinoma LS174T cells were used for the assessment of BME effects on colonic epithelial cells in vitro. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue exclusion and the effect of BME in ameliorating tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress was determined by analysing the mRNA expression of the common ER stress markers; ATF6, XBP1, GRP78, CHOP and PERK by quantitative RT-PCR and GRP78 and CHOP by western blot. RESULTS In the absence of ER stress, BME exhibited no cell toxicity up to 2.0% w/v and no significant effect on the basal mRNA expression of ER stress markers in LS174T cells. In contrast, pre-treatment of LS174T cells with BME followed by induction of ER stress resulted in a significant decrease in mRNA expression of ATF6, XBP1, GRP78, CHOP and PERK and protein expression of GRP78 and CHOP. Co-treatment during induction of ER stress and post- treatment following induction of ER Stress in LS174T cells resulted in a lower but still significant reduction in mRNA expression levels of most ER stress markers. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies demonstrating the efficacy of BME in reducing expression of ER stress markers in colonic epithelial cells suggesting the potential of BME as a dietary intervention in ameliorating ER stress and oxidation in IBD. Interestingly, while the most significant effect was seen with pre-treatment of cells with BME there was a reduced but still significant effect when co-treated or even post-treated. This suggests that BME may even be effective in modulating ER stress in the face of an existing cell stress environment.
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Bai J, Zhu Y, Dong Y. Response of gut microbiota and inflammatory status to bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) in high fat diet induced obese rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:717-726. [PMID: 27751827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is rich in a variety of biologically active ingredients, and has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat various diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate how bitter melon powder (BMP) could affect obesity-associated inflammatory responses to ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance, and investigated whether its anti-inflammatory properties were effected by modulating the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obese SD rats (Sprague-Dawley rats, rattus norregicus) were randomly divided into four groups: (a) normal control diet (NCD) and distilled water, (b) HFD and distilled water, (c) HFD and 300mg BMP/kg body weight (bw), (d) HFD and 10mg pioglitazone (PGT)/kg bw. RESULTS We observed remarkable decreases in the fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, serum lipid levels, and cell sizes of epididymal adipose tissues in the BMP and PGT groups after 8 weeks. BMP could significantly improve the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), and local endotoxin levels compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). BMP suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) degradation and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/ p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK/p38 MAPKs) in adipose tissue. Sequencing results illustrated that BMP treatment markedly decreased the proportion of the endotoxin-producing opportunistic pathogens and increased butyrate producers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that BMP ameliorates insulin sensitivity partly via relieving the inflammatory status in the system and in white adipose tissues of obese rats, and is associated with a proportional regulation of specific gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Lu HY, Lin BF. Wild bitter melon alleviates dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses and enhancing intestinal regulatory T cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Padhye SB, Anant S. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:81-100. [PMID: 26968675 PMCID: PMC5276711 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds (Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, α-eleostearic acid) and proteins (α-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30) possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Kwatra D, Dandawate P, Padhye S, Anant S. Bitter Melon as a Therapy for Diabetes, Inflammation, and Cancer: a Panacea? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fukumitsu S, Villareal MO, Fujitsuka T, Aida K, Isoda H. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids maslinic acid through NF-κB inactivation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:399-409. [PMID: 26499467 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Consumption of olives (Olea europaea L.), including table olives and oil, is associated with low incidence of inflammation-related diseases. In this study, the effects of maslinic acid (MA), the main constituent of olive pomace, on the expression of genes and proteins involved in inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of MA on carrageenan-induced paw edema and collagen antibody induced arthritis in mice was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS We confirmed the suppressive effects of MA on LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor α production and on the expression of inflammatory response associated genes in RAW 264.7 cells. We also clarified the suppressive effect of MA on LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation as well as the phosphorylation of IκB-α. Furthermore, MA (200 mg/kg in the edema model or 100 mg/kg in the arthritis model) exerted anti-inflammatory and antiarthritis effects as shown by the suppression of paw edema, arthritis score, inflammatory cells, and destruction of synovium in knee joints. CONCLUSION Olive products containing MA are useful as a new preventive and therapeutic food ingredient for inflammatory and arthritic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Nippon Flour Mills Co, Ltd, Central Laboratory, Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Aida
- Nippon Flour Mills Co, Ltd, Central Laboratory, Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Jang SW, Lim SG, Lee DS, Suk K, Lee WH. Fermented bitter gourd extract differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression through nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor-1. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1042405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Tan SP, Kha TC, Parks SE, Roach PD. Bitter melon (Momordica charantiaL.) bioactive composition and health benefits: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1057843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Ciou SY, Hsu CC, Kuo YH, Chao CY. Effect of wild bitter gourd treatment on inflammatory responses in BALB/c mice with sepsis. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2014; 4:17. [PMID: 25520930 PMCID: PMC4264976 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-014-0017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Introduction: Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Seringe) common vegetable in Asia, is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation. Extant literature indicates that wild bitter gourds have components that activate PPARα and PPARγ. This research probed influence of adding wild bitter gourd to diets on inflammation responses in mice with sepsis. Purpose: This study evaluated influence of eating wild bitter gourd on inflammation responses in mice with sepsis. Methods: We injected intraperitoneal LPS to induce sepsis. Male BALB/c mice were divided normal, sepsis, positive control, and three experimental groups. The latter ate diets with low (1%), moderate (2%), and high (10%) ratios of wild bitter gourd lyophilized powder. Before mice were sacrificed, with the exception of the normal group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced sepsis in each group; positive control group was injected with LPS after PDTC. Results: This experiment revealed weights in groups with added wild bitter gourd starkly lower than those of the remaining groups. Blood lipids (TG, cholesterol, and NEFA) were also lower in comparison to the sepsis group, and blood glucose concentrations recovered and approached normal levels. Blood biochemistry values related to inflammation reactions indicated GOT, GPT, C-RP, and NO concentrations of groups with wild bitter gourd added all lower than that of the sepsis group. Secretion levels of the spleen pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α tallied significantly lower in comparison to the sepsis group, whereas secretion levels of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine increased. Expression level of proteins NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2 were inhibited significantly. Conclusion: Wild bitter gourd in diets promoted lipid metabolism, improved low blood glucose in sepsis, and attenuated inflammatory stress. These findings suggested that this plant food might provide medical benefits for certain persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-You Ciou
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yaldız G, Sekeroglu N, Kulak M, Demirkol G. Antimicrobial activity and agricultural properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantiaL.) grown in northern parts of Turkey: a case study for adaptation. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:543-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.949706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Chao CY, Sung PJ, Wang WH, Kuo YH. Anti-inflammatory effect of Momordica charantia in sepsis mice. Molecules 2014; 19:12777-88. [PMID: 25153878 PMCID: PMC6270741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Seringe), a common vegetable in Asia, is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation. Extant literature indicates that wild bitter gourds have components that activate PPARα and PPARγ. This research probed the influence of adding wild bitter gourd to diets on inflammation responses in mice with sepsis induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Male BALB/c mice were divided normal, sepsis, positive control, and three experimental groups. The latter ate diets with low (1%), moderate (2%), and high (10%) ratios of wild bitter gourd lyophilized powder. Before mice were sacrificed, with the exception of the normal group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced sepsis in each group; positive control group was injected with LPS after PDTC. This experiment revealed starkly lower weights in groups with added wild bitter gourd than those of the remaining groups. Blood lipids (TG, cholesterol, and NEFA) were also lower in comparison to the sepsis group, and blood glucose concentrations recovered and approached normal levels. Blood biochemistry values related to inflammation reactions indicated GOT, GPT, C-RP, and NOconcentrations of groups with added wild bitter gourd were all lower than those of the sepsis group. Secretion levels of the spleen pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α tallied significantly lower in comparison to the sepsis group, whereas secretion levels of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine increased. Expression level of proteins NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2 were significantly inhibited. Results indicate wild bitter gourd in diets promoted lipid metabolism, reducing fat accumulation, and improving low blood glucose in sepsis. Addition of wild bitter gourd can reduce inflammation biochemical markers or indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body, hence improving the inflammation responses in mice with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hsien Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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β-Cryptoxanthin alleviates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing inflammatory gene expression in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98294. [PMID: 24858832 PMCID: PMC4032271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent nutritional epidemiological surveys showed that serum β-cryptoxanthin inversely associates with the risks for insulin resistance and liver dysfunction. Consumption of β-cryptoxanthin possibly prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is suggested to be caused by insulin resistance and oxidative stress from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. To evaluate the effect of β-cryptoxanthin on diet-induced NASH, we fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (CL diet) with or without 0.003% β-cryptoxanthin to C56BL/6J mice for 12 weeks. After feeding, β-cryptoxanthin attenuated fat accumulation, increases in Kupffer and activated stellate cells, and fibrosis in CL diet-induced NASH in the mice. Comprehensive gene expression analysis showed that although β-cryptoxanthin histochemically reduced steatosis, it was more effective in inhibiting inflammatory gene expression change in NASH. β-Cryptoxanthin reduced the alteration of expression of genes associated with cell death, inflammatory responses, infiltration and activation of macrophages and other leukocytes, quantity of T cells, and free radical scavenging. However, it showed little effect on the expression of genes related to cholesterol and other lipid metabolism. The expression of markers of M1 and M2 macrophages, T helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells was significantly induced in NASH and reduced by β-cryptoxanthin. β-Cryptoxanthin suppressed the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible and/or TNFα-inducible genes in NASH. Increased levels of the oxidative stress marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were reduced by β-cryptoxanthin in NASH. Thus, β-cryptoxanthin suppresses inflammation and the resulting fibrosis probably by primarily suppressing the increase and activation of macrophages and other immune cells. Reducing oxidative stress is likely to be a major mechanism of inflammation and injury suppression in the livers of mice with NASH.
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Kim HY, Sin SM, Lee S, Cho KM, Cho EJ. The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 18:18-22. [PMID: 24471105 PMCID: PMC3867156 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (·OH). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-PK1 cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion (O2 (-)). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and O2 (-), caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-PK1 cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by ONOO(-). These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Seung Mi Sin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 456-756, Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Inhibitory effects of new varieties of bitter melon on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Liao YW, Chen CR, Chuu JJ, Huang HC, Hsu JL, Huang TC, Kuoe YH, Chang CI. Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from the Fruit Pulp ofMomordica charantiaand Their Cytotoxic Activity. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Sharma RK, Otsuka M, Gaba G, Mehta S. Inhibitors of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κβ)-DNA binding. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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39
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Lysoglycerophospholipids in chronic inflammatory disorders: The PLA2/LPC and ATX/LPA axes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:42-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liao YW, Chen CR, Kuo YH, Hsu JL, Shih WL, Cheng HL, Huang TC, Chang CI. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Fruit Pulp of Momordica Charantia. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, 5β,19-epoxy-23(R)-methoxycucurbita-6,24-dien-3β-ol (1), 5β,19-epoxy-23(S)-methoxycucurbita-6,24-dien-3β-ol (2), and 3β-hydroxy-23(R)-methoxycucurbita-6,24-dien-5β,19-olide (3), were isolated from the fruit pulp of Momordica charantia. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and EI-MS studies. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against the SK-Hep 1 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Liao
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95002, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Chi Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Hsu C, Tsai TH, Li YY, Wu WH, Huang CJ, Tsai PJ. Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation. Food Chem 2012; 135:976-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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EMCD, a hypoglycemic triterpene isolated from Momordica charantia wild variant, attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation in FL83B cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Liao PC, Tsai CC, Chou CH, Chiang YC. Introgression between cultivars and wild populations of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Taiwan. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6469-6491. [PMID: 22754378 PMCID: PMC3382758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The landrace strains of Momordica charantia are widely cultivated vegetables throughout the tropics and subtropics, but not in Taiwan, a continental island in Southeast Asia, until a few hundred years ago. In contrast, the related wild populations with smaller fruit sizes are native to Taiwan. Because of the introduction of cultivars for agricultural purposes, these two accessions currently exhibit a sympatric or parapatric distribution in Taiwan. In this study, the cultivars and wild samples from Taiwan, India, and Korea were collected for testing of their hybridization and evolutionary patterns. The cpDNA marker showed a clear distinction between accessions of cultivars and wild populations of Taiwan and a long divergence time. In contrast, an analysis of eight selectively neutral nuclear microsatellite loci did not reveal a difference between the genetic structures of these two accessions. A relatively short divergence time and frequent but asymmetric gene flows were estimated based on the isolation-with-migration model. Historical and current introgression from cultivars to wild populations of Taiwan was also inferred using MIGRATE-n and BayesAss analyses. Our results showed that these two accessions shared abundant common ancestral polymorphisms, and the timing of the divergence and colonization of the Taiwanese wild populations is consistent with the geohistory of the Taiwan Strait land bridge of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Long-term and recurrent introgression between accessions indicated the asymmetric capacity to receive foreign genes from other accessions. The modern introduction of cultivars of M. charantia during the colonization of Taiwan by the Han Chinese ethnic group enhanced the rate of gene replacement in the native populations and resulted in the loss of native genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chi-Chu Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung 908, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Liao YW, Chen CR, Hsu JL, Cheng HL, Shih WL, Kuo YH, Huang TC, Chang CI. Sterols from the Stems of Momordica charantia. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Feeding cues and injected nutrients induce acute expression of multiple clock genes in the mouse liver. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23709. [PMID: 21901130 PMCID: PMC3162004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is closely associated with energy metabolism. The liver clock can rapidly adapt to a new feeding cycle within a few days, whereas the lung clock is gradually entrained over one week. However, the mechanism underlying tissue-specific clock resetting is not fully understood. To characterize the rapid response to feeding cues in the liver clock, we examined the effects of a single time-delayed feeding on circadian rhythms in the liver and lungs of Per2::Luc reporter knockin mice. After adapting to a night-time restricted feeding schedule, the mice were fed according to a 4, 8, or 13 h delayed schedule on the last day. The phase of the liver clock was delayed in all groups with delayed feeding, whereas the lung clock remained unaffected. We then examined the acute response of clock and metabolism-related genes in the liver using focused DNA-microarrays. Clock mutant mice were bred under constant light to attenuate the endogenous circadian rhythm, and gene expression profiles were determined during 24 h of fasting followed by 8 h of feeding. Per2 and Dec1 were significantly increased within 1 h of feeding. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a similarly acute response in hepatic clock gene expression caused by feeding wild type mice after an overnight fast. In addition to Per2 and Dec1, the expression of Per1 increased, and that of Rev-erbα decreased in the liver within 1 h of feeding after fasting, whereas none of these clock genes were affected in the lung. Moreover, an intraperitoneal injection of glucose combined with amino acids, but not either alone, reproduced a similar hepatic response. Our findings show that multiple clock genes respond to nutritional cues within 1 h in the liver but not in the lung.
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Abstract
Diabetes is usually associated with inflammation. Inflammation contributes to the development of diabetes. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) play an important role in lowering blood glucose and controlling inflammation. Many studies show that TCM with hypoglycaemic effects, for example Radix Astragali, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Trichosanthis, Panax Ginseng, Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Puerariae, Fructus Lycii, Poria, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Polygonati, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Trigonellae, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Opuntia stricta, Aloe vera, Cortex Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, and so on, have nearly independent anti-inflammatory action. Antihyperglycaemic compounds, for example berberine, puerarin, quercetin, ferulic acid, astragaloside IV, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, tetrandrine, glycyrrhizin, emodin and baicalin, used in TCM also have anti-inflammatory effects. These studies suggest that TCM might exert hypoglycaemic effects that are partly mediated by the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, small amounts of TCM with potent anti-inflammatory action does not have any hypoglycaemic effect. This indirectly indicates that diabetes may be a low-grade inflammatory disease and potent regulation of inflammatory mediators may not be required. Studies of TCM add new evidences, which indicate that diabetes may be an inflammatory disease and slight or moderate inhibition of inflammation might be useful to prevent the development of diabetes. Through this review, we aim to develop more perspectives to indicate that diabetes may be an inflammatory disease and diverse TCM may share a common antidiabetic property: anti-inflammatory action. Further studies should focus on and validate inflammation-regulating targets of TCM that may be involved in inhibiting the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xie
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Okuzaki D, Fukushima T, Tougan T, Ishii T, Kobayashi S, Yoshizaki K, Akita T, Nojima H. Genopal™: a novel hollow fibre array for focused microarray analysis. DNA Res 2010; 17:369-79. [PMID: 21059707 PMCID: PMC2993541 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsq025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression profiling of target genes in patient blood is a powerful tool for RNA diagnosis. Here, we describe Genopal™, a novel platform ideal for efficient focused microarray analysis. Genopal™, which consists of gel-filled fibres, is advantageous for high-quality mass production via large-scale slicing of the Genopal™ block. We prepared two arrays, infectant and autoimmunity, that provided highly reliable data in terms of repetitive scanning of the same and/or distinct microarrays. Moreover, we demonstrated that Genopal™ had sensitivity sufficient to yield signals in short hybridization times (0.5 h). Application of the autoimmunity array to blood samples allowed us to identify an expression pattern specific to Takayasu arteritis based on the Spearman rank correlation by comparing the reference profile with those of several autoimmune diseases and healthy volunteers (HVs). The comparison of these data with those obtained by other methods revealed that they exhibited similar expression profiles of many target genes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Genopal™ is an advantageous platform for focused microarrays with regard to its low cost, rapid results and reliable quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Okuzaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Hong Byun E, Fujimura Y, Yamada K, Tachibana H. TLR4 signaling inhibitory pathway induced by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate through 67-kDa laminin receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:33-45. [PMID: 20511545 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major active polyphenol of green tea, has been shown to downregulate inflammatory responses in macrophages; however, the underlying mechanism has not been understood. Recently, we identified the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) as a cell-surface EGCG receptor that mediates the anticancer action of EGCG at physiologically relevant concentrations (0.1-1 microM). In this study, we show the molecular basis for the downregulation of TLR4 signal transduction by EGCG at 1 microM in macrophages. Anti-67LR Ab treatment or RNA interference-mediated silencing of 67LR resulted in abrogation of the inhibitory action of EGCG on LPS-induced activation of downstream signaling pathways and target gene expressions. Additionally, we found that EGCG reduced the TLR4 expression through 67LR. Interestingly, EGCG induced a rapid upregulation of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip), a negative regulator of TLR signaling, and this EGCG action was prevented by 67LR silencing or anti-67LR Ab treatment. RNA interference-mediated silencing of Tollip impaired the TLR4 signaling inhibitory activity of EGCG. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 67LR plays a critical role in mediating anti-inflammatory action of a physiologically relevant EGCG, and Tollip expression could be modulated through 67LR. These results provide a new insight into the understanding of negative regulatory mechanisms for the TLR4 signaling pathway and consequent inflammatory responses that are implicated in the development and progression of many chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Hong Byun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hung ND, Kim MR, Sok DE. Oral Administration of 2-Docosahexaenoyl Lysophosphatidylcholine Displayed Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Zymosan A-Induced Peritonitis. Inflammation 2010; 34:147-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chang CI, Chen CR, Liao YW, Shih WL, Cheng HL, Tzeng CY, Li JW, Kung MT. Octanorcucurbitane triterpenoids protect against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hepatotoxicity from the stems of Momordica charantia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:225-9. [PMID: 20118584 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four novel octanorcucurbitane triterpenes, octanorcucurbitacins A-D (1-4), together with one known octanorcucurbitane triterpene, kuguacin M (5), were isolated from the methyl alcohol extract of the stems of Momordica charantia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 3 inhibited tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity against HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-I Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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