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Bekken MAH, Soldat DJ, Koch PL, Schimenti CS, Rossi FS, Aamlid TS, Hesselsøe KJ, Petersen TK, Straw CM, Unruh JB, Kowalewski AR, Spring C. Analyzing golf course pesticide risk across the US and Europe-The importance of regulatory environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162498. [PMID: 36863589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study quantifies golf course pesticide risk in five regions across the US (Florida, East Texas, Northwest, Midwest, and Northeast) and three countries in Europe (UK, Denmark, and Norway) with the objective of determining how pesticide risk on golf courses varied as a function of climate, regulatory environment, and facility-level economic factors. The hazard quotient model was used to estimate acute pesticide risk to mammals specifically. Data from 68 golf courses are included in the study, with a minimum of at least five golf courses in each region. Though the dataset is small, it is representative of the population at confidence level of 75 % with a 15 % margin of error. Pesticide risk appeared to be similar across US regions with varied climates, and significantly lower in the UK, and lowest in Norway and Denmark. In the Southern US (East Texas and Florida), greens contribute most to total pesticide risk while in nearly all other regions fairways make the greatest contribution to overall pesticide risk. The relationship between facility-level economic factors such as maintenance budget was limited in most regions of the study, except in the Northern US (Midwest, Northwest, and Northeast) where maintenance and pesticide budget correlated to pesticide risk and use intensity. However, there was a strong relationship between regulatory environment and pesticide risk across all regions. Pesticide risk was significantly lower in Norway, Denmark, and the UK, where twenty or fewer active ingredients were available to golf course superintendents, than it was in US where depending on the state between 200 and 250 pesticide active ingredients were registered for use on golf courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A H Bekken
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Douglas J Soldat
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul L Koch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Plant Pathology, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Carl S Schimenti
- Cornell University, 106 Academic Surge, Facility A, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Frank S Rossi
- Cornell University, 106 Academic Surge, Facility A, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chase M Straw
- Texas A&M University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Bryan Unruh
- University of Florida, UF/IFAS West Florida Research and Education Center, 4253 Experiment Rd., Hwy 182, Jay, FL 32565, USA
| | - Alec R Kowalewski
- Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture, 2750 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Christian Spring
- STRI Group, St. Ives Estate, Bingley, West Yorkshire BD16 1AU, UK
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Piel C, Pouchieu C, Migault L, Béziat B, Boulanger M, Bureau M, Carles C, Grüber A, Lecluse Y, Rondeau V, Schwall X, Tual S, Lebailly P, Baldi I, Arveux P, Bara S, Bouvier AM, Busquet T, Colonna M, Coureau G, Delanoé M, Grosclaude P, Guizard AV, Herbrecht P, Laplante JJ, Lapotre-Ledoux B, Launoy G, Lenoir D, Marrer E, Marcotullio E, Maynadié M, Molinié F, Monnereau A, Paumier A, Pouzet P, Thibaudier JM, Troussard X, Velten M, Wavelet E, Woronoff AS. Increased risk of central nervous system tumours with carbamate insecticide use in the prospective cohort AGRICAN. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 48:512-526. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Boulanger
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE Team
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Grüber
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Lecluse
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Séverine Tual
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
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Bevan R, Brown T, Matthies F, Sams C, Jones K, Hanlon J, La Vedrine M. Human biomonitoring data collection from occupational exposure to pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wang W, Zhang Z, Yang G, Wang Q. Health risk assessment of Chinese consumers to nickel via dietary intake of foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1861-71. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.964336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Arcury-Quandt AE, Gentry AL, Marín AJ. Hazardous materials on golf courses: experience and knowledge of golf course superintendents and grounds maintenance workers from seven states. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54:474-85. [PMID: 21360723 PMCID: PMC3092004 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The golf course industry has a growing Latino work force. Little occupational health research has addressed this work force. This article examines golf course superintendents' and Latino grounds maintenance workers' pesticide knowledge, beliefs, and safety training. In particular, it focuses on knowledge of and adherence to OSHA Right-to-Know regulations. METHODS In person, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 golf course superintendents in five states and with 16 Latino grounds maintenance workers in four states. RESULTS Few superintendents were in compliance with Right-to-Know regulations or did pesticide safety training with all of their workers. Few workers had any pesticide safety knowledge. Most safety training on golf courses was rudimentary and focused on machine safety, and was usually conducted in the off-season or on rainy days, not before workers were assigned tasks. CONCLUSIONS More Right-to-Know training is necessary for superintendents and grounds maintenance workers. Culturally and linguistically appropriate Spanish language materials need to be developed or made more widely available to train workers. Better enforcement of safety and training regulations is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Arcury-Quandt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27175-1084, USA.
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