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Choi SH, Lee KM, Kim KH, Kim GB. Development of a Rapid Method for the Screening of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)-Producing Strains of Bifidobacterium breve. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:806-815. [PMID: 30206439 PMCID: PMC6131384 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to isolate some strains of Bifidobacteriumbreve from fecal materials of neonates and to screen them for the biotransformation activity of converting linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Fecal samples were collected from twenty healthy neonates between 14 and 100 days old, and four hundred colonies were randomly selected from a Bifidobacterium selective transoligosaccharide medium. A duplex polymerase chain reaction technique was developed for the rapid and accurate molecular characterization of the B. breve strains that have been reported to show the species-specific characteristic of CLA production. They are identified by 16S ribosomal DNA, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase encoding genes (xfp), and rapid pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-six isolates were identified as B. breve, and just two of the 12 neonates were harboring B. breve strains. Each isolate showed different CLA-producing ability in the spectrophotometric assay. All of the positive strains from the primary spectrophotometric assay were confirmed for their CLA-producing activities using gas-chromatographic analysis, and their conversion rates were different, depending on the strain isolated in this study. Some strains of B. breve were successfully isolated and characterized based on the CLA-producing activity, and further studies are necessary to characterize the enzyme and the gene responsible for the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang
University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Shinn SE, Ruan CM, Proctor A. Strategies for Producing and Incorporating Conjugated Linoleic Acid–Rich Oils in Foods. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:181-204. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-025703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is in ruminant-derived foods and is known to combat obesity-related diseases. However, CLA levels in a healthy diet are too low to produce a clinical effect. Therefore, CLA has been produced by linoleic isomerization through fermentation and chemical catalysis. Many of these techniques are not practical for food production, but a recent development has enabled production of CLA-rich triglyceride vegetable oils from high linoleic acid oils by a minor modification of conventional food-oil processing techniques. These oils were used to produce common lipid-based food, such as margarine, shortenings, and salad dressings, whose quality was enhanced by the presence of CLA-rich oil and provided a significant CLA source. Meat and egg CLA content and subsequent food quality can also be increased by addition of dietary CLA. However, consumer awareness of CLA benefits needs to increase prior to commercial-scale production of CLA-rich oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Shinn
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Chuan Min Ruan
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Andrew Proctor
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
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Gorissen L, Leroy F, De Vuyst L, De Smet S, Raes K. Bacterial production of conjugated linoleic and linolenic Acid in foods: a technological challenge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1561-74. [PMID: 24915316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.706243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are present in foods derived from ruminants as a result of the respective linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) metabolism by ruminal microorganisms and in animals' tissues. CLA and CLNA have isomer-specific, health-promoting properties, including anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity, as well as the ability to reduce body fat. Besides ruminal microorganisms, such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, many food-grade bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and propionibacteria, are able to convert LA and LNA to CLA and CLNA, respectively. Linoleate isomerase activity, responsible for this conversion, is strain-dependent and probably related to the ability of the producer strain to tolerate the toxic effects of LA and LNA. Since natural concentrations of CLA and CLNA in ruminal food products are relatively low to exert their health benefits, food-grade bacteria with linoleate isomerase activity could be used as starter or adjunct cultures to develop functional fermented dairy and meat products with increased levels of CLA and CLNA or included in fermented products as probiotic cultures. However, results obtained so far are below expectations due to technological bottlenecks. More research is needed to assess if bacterial production kinetics can be increased and can match food processing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gorissen
- a Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University , B-9090 Melle, Belgium
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Production of conjugated linoleic and conjugated α-linolenic acid in a reconstituted skim milk-based medium by bifidobacterial strains isolated from human breast milk. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:725406. [PMID: 25110689 PMCID: PMC4109426 DOI: 10.1155/2014/725406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eight bifidobacterial strains isolated from human breast milk have been tested for their abilities to convert linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated α-linolenic acid (CLNA), respectively. These bioactive lipids display important properties that may contribute to the maintenance and improvement human health. Three selected Bifidobacterium breve strains produced CLA from LA and CLNA from LNA in MRS (160–170 and 210–230 μg mL−1, resp.) and, also, in reconstituted skim milk (75–95 and 210–244 μg mL−1, resp.). These bifidobacterial strains were also able to simultaneously produce both CLA (90–105 μg mL−1) and CLNA (290–320 μg mL−1) in reconstituted skim milk. Globally, our findings suggest that these bifidobacterial strains are potential candidates for the design of new fermented dairy products naturally containing very high concentrations of these bioactive lipids. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing CLNA production and coproduction of CLA and CLNA by Bifidobacterium breve strains isolated from human milk in reconstituted skim milk.
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Park HG, Kim JH, Kim SB, Kweon EG, Choi SH, Lee YS, Kim M, Choi NJ, Jeong Y, Kim YJ. Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the production of conjugated fatty acids and trans fatty acids by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10600-10605. [PMID: 23016761 DOI: 10.1021/jf303618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the conversion of linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) as substrates by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 and to optimize the HHP condition. Cell mixture were tested under HHP in a variety of conditions such as temperature, time, pressure, and pre- or post-treatment with substrates. The cis-9,trans-11 CLA producing activity of B. breve LMC520 was increased by HHP, whereas trans-9,trans-11 CLA producing activity was decreased. Optimal HHP conditions for the highest CLA production were obtained at 100 MPa for 12 h at 37 °C. Post-treatment groups showed higher conversion activity of substrates than pretreatment groups. Post-treatment groups decreased trans-9,trans-11 CLA and other CLnA, whereas the pretreatment groups increased them. It is concluded that HHP treatment could be an important factor to enhance CLA and CLnA production and for reducing trans-fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi 448-701, Korea
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Liu X, Li H, Chen Y, Cao Y. Method for screening of bacterial strains biosynthesizing specific conjugated linoleic acid isomers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9705-9710. [PMID: 22946615 DOI: 10.1021/jf3032843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate method for screening of bacterial strains with the ability to convert free linoleic acid into specific conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers has been developed by combining the ultraviolet spectral scan and capillary electrophoresis analysis. The ultraviolet spectral scan was carried out for preliminary screening of bacterial strains with the capacity to biosynthesize CLA, and the absorption peak at 228-235 nm was used for assessing the possible production of CLA by bacteria. The capillary electrophoresis analysis was used as the follow-up confirmation to definitively conclude CLA production and the composition of CLA isomers. Linoleic acid at the concentration of 25 μg/mL, which showed little inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria, was used for initial screening of CLA-producing strains. The strains with the ability to produce specific CLA isomers can be selected quickly from a large number of bacteria by this high-throughput method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
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Optimal culture conditions for producing conjugated linoleic acid in skim-milk by co-culture of different Lactobacillus strains. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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ANDRADE JOSÉC, ASCENÇÃO KELLY, GULLÓN PATRICIA, HENRIQUES SILVINOMS, PINTO JORGEMS, ROCHA-SANTOS TERESAAP, FREITAS ANACRISTINA, GOMES ANAMARIA. Production of conjugated linoleic acid by food-grade bacteria: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Park HG, Cho HT, Song MC, Kim SB, Kwon EG, Choi NJ, Kim YJ. Production of a conjugated fatty acid by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 from α-linolenic acid: conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3204-3210. [PMID: 22372442 DOI: 10.1021/jf2041559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to characterize natural CLnA isomer production by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 of human origin in comparison to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. B. breve LMC520 was found to be highly active in terms of CLnA production, of which the major portion was identified as cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 CLnA isomer by GC-MS and NMR analysis. B. breve LMC520 was incubated for 48 h using MRS medium (containing 0.05% L-cysteine · HCl) under different environmental conditions such as atmosphere, pH, and substrate concentration. The high conversion rate of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) to CLnA (99%) was retained up to 2 mM α-LNA, and the production was proportionally increased nearly 7-fold with 8 mM by the 6 h of incubation under anaerobic conditions at a wide range of pH values (between 5 and 9). When α-LNA was compared with linoleic acid (LA) as a substrate for isomerization by B. breve LMC520, the conversion of α-LNA was higher than that of LA. These results demonstrated that specific CLnA isomer could be produced through active bacterial conversion at an optimized condition. Because many conjugated octadecatrienoic acids in nature are shown to play many positive roles, the noble isomer found in this study has potential as a functional source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Chungnam 339-700, Korea
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Park HG, Heo W, Kim SB, Kim HS, Bae GS, Chung SH, Seo HC, Kim YJ. Production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 and its compatibility with CLA-producing rumen bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:984-988. [PMID: 21192703 DOI: 10.1021/jf103420q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to characterize the ability of an active Bifidobacterium strain to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and to test its possible utilization as a probiotic compatible to the ruminal condition. Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 can actively convert linoleic acid (LA) to cis-9,trans-11-CLA, which is a major isomer derived from microbial conversion. LMC520 showed reasonable tolerance under acidic conditions (pH 2.5 with 1% pepsin) and in the presence of oxgall (0-3%). The growth and CLA production of LMC520 were tested under ruminal conditions and compared with those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38, which is a major CLA producer in the rumen as an intermediate in the biohydrogenation (BH) process. LMC520 converted 15% of LA to CLA under ruminal conditions, which was 2 times higher activity than that of A38, and there was no decline in CLA level during prolonged incubation of 48 h. The BH activity of LMC520 was comparable to that of A38. When LMC520 was cocultured with A38, even with slight decrease of CLA due to high BH activity by A38, but the level of CLA was maintained by the high CLA-producing activity of LMC520. This comparative study shows the potential of this strain to be applied as a functional probiotic not only for humans but also for ruminants as well as to increase CLA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Chungnam 339-700, Korea
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Park HG, Cho SD, Kim JH, Lee H, Chung SH, Kim SB, Kim HS, Kim T, Choi NJ, Kim YJ. Characterization of conjugated linoleic acid production by Bifidobacterium breve LMC 520. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7571-7575. [PMID: 20349924 DOI: 10.1021/jf9014813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to characterize the CLA production ability of a bacterial strain, Bifidobacterium breve LMC 520, which can actively convert linoleic acid (LA) to cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a major isomer derived from microbial enzymatic conversion. The culture conditions were optimized to improve CLA production under the aerobic conditions. B. breve LMC 520 was tested with different amounts of LA in varied culture conditions, such as air, additives, and pH. A maximal level of CLA production (up to 90% of substrate) was obtained after 24 h of incubation in culture medium containing 1 mM LA at pH 5.5 and under anaerobic conditions. There was no decline in the CLA level with prolonged incubation until 48 h. When the effect of pre-incubation with LA on CLA production was tested, there was no significant difference between the CLA-producing activity of pre-incubated and untreated bacteria at the third passage but there was a significant reduction in CLA production by the pre-incubated cells after the fourth passage. These results demonstrate that the CLA-producing activity of B. breve LMC 520 could be maximized by numerous environmental factors. The data also indicate its potential for increasing CLA accumulation in dairy products when B. breve LMC 520 is used as a functional starter culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gyu Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Chungnam, Korea
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