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Zhang C, Sun Q, Yang L, Ablimit A, Dong H, Wang H, Wang C, Wang C. Mutation Breeding of Monascus to Produce a High Yield of Orange Pigment and Low Citrinin Content Using the ARTP Method. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:553. [PMID: 39194879 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Monascus is a filamentous fungus with a long history of application in China, which can produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including Monascus red pigments, Monascus orange pigments, Monascus yellow pigments, and citrinin. There is widespread attention being paid to natural pigments because of their safety. Among the many natural pigments, orange pigment has a wide range of applications because of its unique color, but current production levels in the orange pigment industry are limited to a certain extent due to the insufficiently wide range of sources and low production. In this study, the ARTP mutation was used to obtain a strain with high-yield orange pigment and low citrinin. The strain RS7 was obtained through two-step mutagenesis, and all three pigments were improved to different degrees. The color value of orange pigment was elevated from the original 108 U/mL to 180 U/mL, an increase of 66.7% compared to the original strain, and the citrinin content was reduced by 69%. The result of microscopic morphology showed that RS7 has more wrinkles and is more convex than the R1 strain, but there was little change between the two strains. Therefore, the ARTP mutation influenced the growth and the biosynthesis of pigments in Monascus. In addition, the conditions of ultrasonic extraction of Monascus pigments were optimized using the response surface, and the separation of pigments was achieved with the method of thin-layer chromatography. Pigment stability results showed that the temperature had no significant effect on orange pigment, while tea polyphenol could improve its stability. This study generated a strain with high-yielding orange pigment and could lay a foundation for the future application of Monascus orange pigment in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arzugul Ablimit
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huijun Dong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Kaur M, Goel M, Mishra RC, Lahane V, Yadav AK, Barrow CJ. Characterization of the Red Biochromes Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Monascus purpureus CPEF02 with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Food acceptability and appeal are significantly influenced by colour. Harmful effects associated with synthetic colorants are well established, and research is currently focused on developing natural, synthetic chemical-free substitutes from fungal sources, with broad applications in food, medicine, textiles and agriculture. Additionally, the market’s dearth of natural red colour substitutes requires the creation of novel red pigment alternatives from secure and scalable sources. The goal of the current research was to establish new endophytic marine fungi that are naturally occurring bio-sources of the red pigment. Based on its profuse extracellular red pigment-producing capacity, the fungus CPEF02 was selected and identified as Monascus purpureus CPEF02 via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and phylogenetic analysis. The chemical moieties of the pigmented extracts were identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The optimal culture conditions for maximum pigment production were investigated by surveying various media compositions. The methanolic fungal colourant extract was shown to have substantial antibacterial and antifungal activities against anthropogenic pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 1430), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCCBAA811), Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC 3241) and Vibrio cholerae (N16961) at a 100 µg/mL concentration and at a 1 mg/mL concentration for Alternaria solani (ITCC 4632) and Rhizoctonia solani (AG1-IA). This extract also exhibited antioxidant activity against the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical with an IC50 of 14.42 µg/mL and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 0.571 µM Trolox/µg of the methanolic colourant extract. The findings suggested that M. purpureus’s pigment could be a source of an industrially useful natural red colourant.
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Wu MD, Chen JJ, Cheng MJ. Secondary Metabolites with Antifungal Activities from Mangrove Derived Fungus Monascus purpureus WMD2424. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040200. [PMID: 37103340 PMCID: PMC10143918 DOI: 10.3390/md21040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mold Monascus, also called red yeast rice, anka, or koji, has been used as the natural food coloring agent and food additives for more than 1000 years in Asian countries. It has also been used in Chinese herbology and traditional Chinese medicine due to its easing digestion and antiseptic effects. However, under different culture conditions, the ingredients in Monascus-fermented products may be changed. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the ingredients, as well as the bioactivities of Monascus-derived natural products, is important. Here, through the thorough investigation into the chemical constituents of M. purpureus wmd2424, five previously undescribed compounds, monascuspurins A-E (1-5), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of mangrove-derived fungus Monascus purpureus wmd2424 cultured in RGY medium. All the constituents were confirmed via HRESIMS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Their antifungal activity was also evaluated. Our results showed that four constituents (compounds 3-5) possessed mild antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is worth mentioning that the chemical composition of the type strain Monascus purpureus wmd2424 has never been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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Wu L, Zhou K, Chen F, Chen G, Yu Y, Lv X, Zhang W, Rao P, Ni L. Comparative Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Monascus Yellow Pigments From Two Different Types of Hongqu-Functional Qu and Coloring Qu. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715295. [PMID: 34408740 PMCID: PMC8365423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the difference in the composition of Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) between functional Qu (FQ) and coloring Qu (CQ) and analyze their relationships with antioxidant activity. The composition of key active components and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of FQ and CQ were analyzed by Uv-vis, HPLC, and chemical antioxidant tests. The composition of MonAzPs of the ethanol extracts was further analyzed by HPLC-MS. Seven Monascus yellow pigments (MYPs) with high abundance were successfully purified for the antioxidation evaluation in vitro and in the cell. Correlation analysis between the metabolites and the antioxidant activity of Hongqu indicated that MonAzPs might play an essential role in the antioxidant activity (r > 0.80). By contrast, the monacolin K (MK), polysaccharide, ergosterol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were not significantly correlated with the antioxidant activity. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on the composition of MonAzPs revealed that the abundance of MYPs is significantly different between FQ and CQ (P < 0.05 and VIP > 1.0). Seven MYPs (monasfluore A, monaphilone B, monascuspilion, monascin, monaphilone A, ankaflavin, and new yellow pigment) with high abundance were successfully purified for the antioxidation evaluation. Chemical antioxidant tests revealed that the antioxidant activities of monaphilone A, ankaflavin, and new yellow pigment only from CQ were significantly more potent than monasfluore A and monascuspilion only separated from FQ. The cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) showed that the new yellow pigment had the best antioxidant activity (quercetin equivalent 7.23 μM), followed by monasfluore A and monaphilone B, all of which were significantly better than monascin and ankaflavin, the two most frequently reported MYPs. Research on the structure-activity relationship demonstrated that alterations of the hydroxyl that occurred on C-3' or C-11 obviously affected the antioxidant activities of MYPs. Our findings provide evidence that MYPs may be the key active components for CQ to have a more potent antioxidant capacity than FQ. The alterations of the hydroxyl that occurred on C-3' or C-11 obviously affected the antioxidant activities of MYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Research Institute of Agri-Engineering and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangxi Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xucong Lv
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ni
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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Cheng MJ, Wu MD, Chen JJ, Chen CY, Aung T, Wu HC, Hsun-Hsuo-Chang, Lai MH. Compounds from Monascus sanguineus. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lagashetti AC, Dufossé L, Singh SK, Singh PN. Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E604. [PMID: 31766735 PMCID: PMC6955906 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The public's demand for natural, eco-friendly, and safe pigments is significantly increasing in the current era. Natural pigments, especially fungal pigments, are receiving more attention and seem to be in high demand worldwide. The immense advantages of fungal pigments over other natural or synthetic pigments have opened new avenues in the market for a wide range of applications in different industries. In addition to coloring properties, other beneficial attributes of fungal pigments, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity, have expanded their use in different sectors. This review deals with the study of fungal pigments and their applications and sheds light on future prospects and challenges in the field of fungal pigments. Furthermore, the possible application of fungal pigments in the textile industry is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C. Lagashetti
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India; (A.C.L.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels & ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, F-97744 Saint-Denis CEDEX, France
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India; (A.C.L.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Paras N. Singh
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), MACS’ Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India; (A.C.L.); (P.N.S.)
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de Oliveira F, Pedrolli DB, Teixeira MFS, de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma V. Water-soluble fluorescent red colorant production by Talaromyces amestolkiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6529-6541. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen W, Feng Y, Molnár I, Chen F. Nature and nurture: confluence of pathway determinism with metabolic and chemical serendipity diversifies Monascus azaphilone pigments. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:561-572. [PMID: 30484470 PMCID: PMC6470053 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to June 2018 Understanding the biosynthetic mechanisms that generate the astounding structural complexity and variety of fungal secondary metabolites (FSMs) remains a challenge. As an example, the biogenesis of the Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) has remained obscure until recently despite the significant medical potential of these metabolites and their long history of widespread use as food colorants. However, a considerable progress has been made in recent years towards the elucidation of MonAzPs biosynthesis in various fungi. In this highlight, we correlate a unified biosynthetic pathway with the diverse structures of the 111 MonAzPs congeners reported until June 2018. We also discuss the origins of structural diversity amongst MonAzPs analogues and summarize new research directions towards exploring novel MonAzPs. The case of MonAzPs illuminates the various ways that FSMs metabolic complexity emerges by the interplay of biosynthetic pathway determinism with metabolic and chemical serendipity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei Province, 435002, China
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, Arizona 85706, U.S.A
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
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Water-Soluble Red Pigment Production by Paecilomyces sinclairii and Biological Characterization. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Huang T, Tan H, Chen G, Wang L, Wu Z. Rising temperature stimulates the biosynthesis of water-soluble fluorescent yellow pigments and gene expression in Monascus ruber CGMCC10910. AMB Express 2017. [PMID: 28651383 PMCID: PMC5483225 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus species can produce secondary metabolites that have a polyketide structure. In this study, four types of extracellular water-soluble yellow pigments (Y1–Y4) were generated by submerged fermentation with Monascus ruber CGMCC 10910, of which Y3 and Y4 had strong yellow fluorescence. The composition of the pigment mixtures was closely related to the fermentation temperature. The dominating pigments changed from Y1 to Y3 and Y4 when fermentation temperature increased from 30 to 35 °C. Increasing the temperature to 35 °C changed the metabolic pathways of the pigments, which inhibited the biosynthesis of Y1 and enhanced the biosynthesis of Y3 and Y4. Moreover, the yield of Y1 reduced insignificantly, while the yields of Y3 and Y4 increased by 98.21 and 79.31% respectively under two-stage temperature fermentation condition. The expression levels of the relative pigment biosynthetic genes, such as MpFasA2, MpFasB2, MpPKS5, mppR1, mppB, and mppE, were up-regulated at 35 °C. The two-stage temperature strategy is a potential method for producing water-soluble Monascus yellow pigments with strong yellow fluorescence.
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Structural Characterization of a New Sesquiterpene from the Fungal Strain Monascus kaoliang. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Huang Z, Su B, Xu Y, Li L, Li Y. Determination of two potential toxicity metabolites derived from the disruption of the pksCT gene in Monascus aurantiacus Li As3.4384. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4190-4197. [PMID: 28239868 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that disruption of the pksCT gene of Monascus led to a greater than 98% decrease in its citrinin production capacity in Monascus (PHDS26). Two potentially toxic compounds, monascopyridine A (MPA) and monascopyridine B (MPB), were found in the fermentation products of the pksCT gene-disrupted Monascus. Moreover, a rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of MPA and MPB. We studied the effects of various extraction parameters and designed an orthogonal experiment to investigate the importance of each factor. RESULTS The optimal extraction conditions were: methanol concentration, 90%; extraction temperature, 40 °C; extraction time, 10 min; two extraction cycles; and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, good linearity was reached over the concentration ranges 0.5-200 µg mL-1 and 0.5-300 µg mL-1 for MPA and MPB, respectively, and the corresponding determination coefficients were 0.9999 and 0.9997. The percentage relative standard deviation values of within-day and between-day precision for MPA were 2.0% and 2.1%, respectively; the corresponding values for MPB were 4.8% and 4.6%. The average recovery for MPA and MPB was 99.9% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSION Maximum MPA and MPB yields (2073.7 and 1961.7 µg g-1 , respectively) were observed after 16 days of cultivation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baowei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Secondary Metabolite from the Fungal Strain Monascus pilosus. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Dikshit R, Tallapragada P. Comparative study of Monascus sanguineus and its albino mutant based on molecular and chemical profiling. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2016.1269288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Dikshit
- Department of Microbiology, Centre of PG Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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Yuliana A, Singgih M, Julianti E, Blanc PJ. Derivates of azaphilone Monascus pigments. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Duval R, Duplais C. Fluorescent natural products as probes and tracers in biology. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:161-193. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence is a remarkable property of many natural products in addition to their medicinal and biological value. Herein, we provide a review of these peculiar secondary metabolites to stimulate prospecting of them as original fluorescent tracers, endowed with unique photophysical properties and with applications in most fields of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duval
- IRD
- UMR 216 IRD MERIT (Mère et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales)
- Université Paris-Descartes
- 75006 Paris
- France
| | - Christophe Duplais
- CNRS
- UMR 8172 EcoFoG (Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane)
- AgroParisTech
- Cirad
- INRA
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Urista CM, Rodríguez JG, Corona AA, Cuenca AA, Jurado AT. Pigments from fungi, an opportunity of production for diverse applications. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Zhang Z, Ali Z, Khan SI, Khan IA. Cytotoxic monacolins from red yeast rice, a Chinese medicine and food. Food Chem 2016; 202:262-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Chen G, Wu Z. Production and biological activities of yellow pigments from Monascus fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:136. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Santos-Ebinuma VC, Teixeira MFS, Pessoa A, Jauregi P. Separation of natural colorants from the fermented broth of filamentous fungi using colloidal gas aphrons. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Singh N, Bhattacharyya D. Evaluation of the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in bacterial metabolites used as immunostimulators and its role in nitric oxide induction. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:311-21. [PMID: 25864512 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolites that act as immunostimulators have aroused interest because of their therapeutic potential in several immune disorders. These metabolites are complex, heterogeneous, and comprise numerous immune-boosting biomolecules. To better understand their immune stimulatory properties, characterization of their components is essential. An ether extract of metabolites from nine bacterial species was analyzed for the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or other fluorophores. This metabolite in combination with bile lipids is a licensed immune stimulatory drug. Excitation of the extract at 340 nm resulted in fluorescence with an emission maximum of around 410 nm, which is fairly specific for NADH and NADPH. Reverse-phase-HPLC and electro-spray ionization-mass analysis confirmed the presence of NADPH in the bacterial metabolites. Quantification by glutathione reductase assay indicated 11.90 ± 0.01 µM of NADPH in the metabolites. Further characterization of the individual bacterial extracts of the metabolite confirmed the presence of NADPH. Subsequently, studies were performed to evaluate the role/s of NADPH in immune-stimulatory drugs. NADPH is known to be involved in production of nitric oxide (NO), which has versatile roles in the immune system. The biological function of NADPH in NO induction by RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) cells was evaluated and it was found that bacterial NADPH has a significant role in inducing NO and that NADPH from individual bacterial extracts is capable of inducing NO. Investigation on the stability and biological potency of NADPH in bacterial metabolites is important because of NADPH's wide therapeutic applications, most of which are associated with its role in NO induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Singh
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Debasish Bhattacharyya
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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Cheng MJ, Wu MD, Chan HY, Chen JJ, Cheng YC, Chen YL, Chen IS, Yuan GF. A New Azaphilone Metabolite from the Fungus Monascus ruber. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Singh N, Goel G, Singh N, Kumar Pathak B, Kaushik D. Modeling the red pigment production by Monascus purpureus MTCC 369 by Artificial Neural Network using rice water based medium. FOOD BIOSCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Development of an HPLC–UV Detection Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Two Monascus Orange Pigments in Red Yeast Rice. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Li Y, Teng Z, Parkin KL, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Luo W, Ma D, Zhao M. Identification of bioactive metabolites dihydrocanadensolide, Kojic acid, and vanillic acid in soy sauce using GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8392-8401. [PMID: 25090452 DOI: 10.1021/jf502159m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformations of intrinsic substrates offer immense potential for generating new bioactive compounds in fermented food products. The aim of this work was to characterize the secondary metabolites in soy sauce, one of the oldest fermented condiments. Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of soy sauce was separated using flash column chromatography, crystallized, and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), and mass spectroscopy. Dihydrocanadensolide (DHC), an antiulcer agent, was identified in a food for the first time. The natural stereostructure of DHC, which remained controversial for several decades, was determined as (3S,3aS,6R,6aR)-6-butyl-3-methyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2,4-dione using SC-XRD analysis. Kojic acid (KA) and vanillic acid (VA) were also identified from EAE as bioactive metabolic products of fungi and yeasts. Moreover, a new polymorphic form of KA was determined by SC-XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Prajapati VS, Soni N, Trivedi UB, Patel KC. An enhancement of red pigment production by submerged culture of Monascus purpureus MTCC 410 employing statistical methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Do TKT, Hadji-Minaglou F, Antoniotti S, Fernandez X. Secondary metabolites isolation in natural products chemistry: comparison of two semipreparative chromatographic techniques (high pressure liquid chromatography and high performance thin-layer chromatography). J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:256-60. [PMID: 24377738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigations on secondary metabolites in natural products chemistry require efficient isolation techniques for characterization purpose as well as for the evaluation of their biological properties. In the case of phytochemical studies, the performance of the techniques is critical (resolution and yield) since the products generally present a narrow range of polarity and physicochemical properties. Several techniques are currently available, but HPLC (preparative and semipreparative) is the most widely used. To compare the performance of semipreparative HPLC and HPTLC for the isolation of secondary metabolites in different types of extracts, we have chosen carvone from spearmint essential oil (Mentha spicata L.), resveratrol from Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson, and rosmarinic acid from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts. The comparison was based on the chromatographic separation, the purity and quantity of isolated compounds, the solvent consumption, the duration and the cost of the isolation operations. The results showed that semipreparative HPTLC can in some case offer some advantages over conventional semipreparative HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kieu Tiên Do
- BotaniCert, Espace Jacques-Louis Lions, 4 Traverse Dupont, 06130 Grasse, France; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Sylvain Antoniotti
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ventura SPM, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pereira JFB, Teixeira MFS, Pessoa A, Coutinho JAP. Isolation of natural red colorants from fermented broth using ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:507-16. [PMID: 23455697 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for natural colorants. This is prompting the search for new alternative and "benign" separation systems allowing higher recoveries, extraction yields, and selectivities. This work investigates the use of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based on ionic liquids as extraction processes for the recovery of red colorants from the fermented broth of Penicillium purpurogenum DPUA 1275. Several ATPS based on quaternary ammonium and imidazolium were studied in this work aiming at separating the red colorants produced from the remaining colorants and contaminant proteins present in the fermented broth. The results suggest that the red colorants can be isolated by an appropriate manipulation of some of the process conditions, such as the use of quaternary ammonium with short alkyl chains, alkaline media, and short tie-line lengths (extraction point systems with lower concentrations of ionic liquid). These conditions allow large partition coefficients for the red colorants (K red = 24.4 ± 2.3), high protein removal (60.7 ± 2.8 %) and selectivity parameters (S red/prot = 10.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Abstract
Abstract
The genus Monascus, comprising nine species, can reproduce either vegetatively with filaments and conidia or sexually by the formation of ascospores. The most well-known species of genus Monascus, namely, M. purpureus, M. ruber and M. pilosus, are often used for rice fermentation to produce red yeast rice, a special product used either for food coloring or as a food supplement with positive effects on human health. The colored appearance (red, orange or yellow) of Monascus-fermented substrates is produced by a mixture of oligoketide pigments that are synthesized by a combination of polyketide and fatty acid synthases. The major pigments consist of pairs of yellow (ankaflavin and monascin), orange (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) and red (rubropunctamine and monascorubramine) compounds; however, more than 20 other colored products have recently been isolated from fermented rice or culture media. In addition to pigments, a group of monacolin substances and the mycotoxin citrinin can be produced by Monascus. Various non-specific biological activities (antimicrobial, antitumor, immunomodulative and others) of these pigmented compounds are, at least partly, ascribed to their reaction with amino group-containing compounds, i.e. amino acids, proteins or nucleic acids. Monacolins, in the form of β-hydroxy acids, inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis in animals and humans.
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Feng Y, Shao Y, Chen F. Monascus pigments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1421-40. [PMID: 23104643 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) as natural food colorants have been widely utilized in food industries in the world, especially in China and Japan. Moreover, MPs possess a range of biological activities, such as anti-mutagenic and anticancer properties, antimicrobial activities, potential anti-obesity activities, and so on. So, in the past two decades, more and more attention has been paid to MPs. Up to now, more than 50 MPs have been identified and studied. However, there have been some reviews about red fermented rice and the secondary metabolites produced by Monascus, but no monograph or review of MPs has been published. This review covers the categories and structures, biosynthetic pathway, production, properties, detection methods, functions, and molecular biology of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Gao SS, Li XM, Zhang Y, Li CS, Cui CM, Wang BG. Comazaphilones A-F, azaphilone derivatives from the marine sediment-derived fungus Penicillium commune QSD-17. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:256-261. [PMID: 21226488 DOI: 10.1021/np100788h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of Penicillium commune QSD-17, a fungus isolated from a marine sediment sample collected in the southern China Sea, yielded six new azaphilone derivatives, namely, comazaphilones A-F (1-6). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Attempts to define the absolute configuration of these azaphilones through investigation of Mosher's esters failed, possibly due to steric crowding at C-6 and C-7 and due to the degradation of these azaphilone derivatives under the reaction conditions. The inhibitory activities of the six azaphilones against four bacteria, one pathogenic fungus, and seven tumor cell lines were evaluated. Compounds 3-5 displayed potent inhibitory activity against several of these bacteria, while compounds 4-6 showed cytotoxic activity against human pancreatic tumor cell line SW1990. The preliminary SAR results indicated that the double bond at C-10 and the location of the orsellinic acid unit at C-6 in these azaphilones are important for the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity, respectively. This is the first report of the isolation of azaphilone derivatives from a marine sediment-derived fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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Mukherjee G, Singh SK. Purification and characterization of a new red pigment from Monascus purpureus in submerged fermentation. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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