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Santos RRDS, Ramos MC, Ferreira JV, Gonçalves JE, César IC. Biopharmaceutical evaluation of kavain in Piper methysticum G. Forst dried extract: Equilibrium solubility and intestinal permeability in Caco-2 cell model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115480. [PMID: 35716919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper methysticum G. Forst, popularly known as kava, is a traditional medicinal plant native from South Pacific islands and widely used to treat anxiety, depression and stress. The psychoactive properties are related to the kavalactones, mainly kavain. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the biopharmaceutical properties of synthetic kavain and when present in kava dried extracts by means of equilibrium solubility and intestinal permeability studies in the Caco-2 cell model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The equilibrium solubility of kavain was performed using a shake flask incubator at 37 °C in different media at physiological pH range (1.2-6.8). The intestinal permeability of kavain evaluated in Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil. Kavain concentrations were determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS HPLC methods were developed and fully validated for kavain quantitation. Kavain demonstrated low solubility and the pH of the aqueous media did not affect its solubility. Kavain was found to be highly permeable and efflux of kavain mediated by P-glycoprotein was not significant during intestinal permeation. CONCLUSION The results of biopharmaceutical studies provided useful information for predicting availability of kavain from the gastrointestinal tract and this compound was ranked as BCS Class II, exhibiting dissolution rate-limited absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rocha da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Corrêa Ramos
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Veloso Ferreira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Costa César
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Popowski D, Czerwińska ME, Kruk A, Pawłowska KA, Zentek J, Melzig MF, Piwowarski JP, Granica S. Gut microbiota metabolism and the permeability of natural products contained in infusions from herb of European goldenrod Solidago virgaurea L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113924. [PMID: 33607199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solidago virgaurea L. (also known as European goldenrod) is a pharmacopoeial plant material popularly used by patients in the form of an infusion. It was traditionally used in Europe and North America for the treatment of urinary tract conditions. It is also reported as a topical agent for skin disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY Gut microbiota metabolism plays a crucial role in the bioavailability of natural products contained in plant extracts taken orally. The aim of the current study was to establish the biotransformation of compounds contained in an infusion from goldenrod using human and piglet fecal microbiota in vitro. The permeability of unmetabolized natural products and gut microbiota metabolites was evaluated using a Caco-2 cell model. Preliminary anti-inflammatory assays of raw extract using human neutrophils were also established. MATERIAL AND METHODS An infusion was prepared from Solidaginis virgaureae herba commercially available on the market. The characterization of the raw extract was performed by UHPLC-DAD-MS method. The infusion was incubated with human or swine fecal samples in anaerobic conditions. Metabolism products were analyzed and identified by UHPLC-DAD-MS technique. The permeability of the natural products contained in the raw infusion and after metabolism was checked by UHPLC method. The influence of raw extracts on proinflammatory functions of human neutrophils after LPS stimulation was established by flow cytometry and ELISA. RESULTS The experiments showed that goldenrod infusion contains mainly caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and some phenylpropanoids. Natural products present in the extract were transformed by human and swine microbiota to smaller molecules mainly phenylpropanoid acid derivatives. The permeability assays showed that most of the parental compound present in the infusion cannot cross the gut epithelial barrier. In contrast, metabolites were able to cross the Caco-2 monolayer. Depending on the structure, different possible mechanisms of transport were observed. The infusion did not significantly influence the proinflammatory functions of human neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Following oral administration of goldenrod infusion, phytochemicals are prone to undergoing metabolism by gut microbiota to smaller phenylpropionic acid derivatives that can be bioavailable after crossing the gut epithelial barrier to be further metabolized and distributed. Detected metabolites should be considered as potentially active compounds responsible for the bioactivity of the raw plant material in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Popowski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; MicrobiotaLab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika E Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; MicrobiotaLab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina A Pawłowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; MicrobiotaLab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias F Melzig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; MicrobiotaLab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland; MicrobiotaLab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Domínguez Moré GP, Cardona MI, Sepúlveda PM, Echeverry SM, Oliveira Simões CM, Aragón DM. Matrix Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Calyces of Physalis peruviana L. on Rutin Pharmacokinetics in Wistar Rats Using Population Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040535. [PMID: 33921404 PMCID: PMC8069016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin is the rutinose conjugate of quercetin. It presents several biological activities and is the major flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of the calyces of Physalis peruviana L. It also shows hypoglycemic activity after oral administration. The aim of this work was to study the matrix effects of the extract from P. peruviana calyces on the pharmacokinetics of rutin and its metabolites in Wistar rats, using non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses. A pharmacokinetic study was performed after intravenous and oral administration of different doses of pure rutin and the extract. In the non-compartmental analysis, it was found that rutin from the extract exhibited higher distribution and clearance, as well as an 11-fold increase in the bioavailability of its active metabolites. A population pharmacokinetic model was also carried out with two compartments, double absorption and linear elimination, in which the extract and the doses were the covariates involved. This model correctly described the differences observed between rutin as a pure compound and rutin from the extract, including the dose dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Paola Domínguez Moré
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
- Centro de Servicios Farmacéuticos y Monitoreo de Fármacos, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081001, Colombia
| | - María Isabel Cardona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Paula Michelle Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Sandra Milena Echeverry
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina—UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-970, Brazil;
| | - Diana Marcela Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11011, Colombia; (G.P.D.M.); (M.I.C.); (P.M.S.); (S.M.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Sun R, Zhu L, Li L, Song W, Gong X, Qi X, Wang Y, Ghose R, Gao S, Hu M, Liu Z. Irinotecan-mediated diarrhea is mainly correlated with intestinal exposure to SN-38: Critical role of gut Ugt. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang H, Hassan YI, Liu R, Mats L, Yang C, Liu C, Tsao R. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Absorption of Aglycone and Glycosidic Flavonoids in a Caco-2 BBe1 Cell Model. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10782-10793. [PMID: 32455198 PMCID: PMC7240828 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cellular absorption and transport underlying the differences between flavonoid aglycones and glycosides and the effect of the structural feature are not well established. In this study, aglycone, mono-, and diglycosides of quercetin and cyanidin were selected to examine the effects of the structural feature on the bioavailability of flavonoids using hexose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 in a Caco-2 BBe1 cell model. Cellular uptake and transport of all glycosides were significantly different. The glycosides also significantly inhibited cellular uptake of d-glucose, indicating the involvement of the two hexose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the absorption, and the potential of the glycosides in lowering the blood glucose level. The in silico prediction model also supported these observations. The absorption of glycosides, especially diglycosides but not the aglycones, was significantly blocked by SGLT1 and GLUT2 inhibitors (phloridzin and phloretin) and further validated in SGLT1 knockdown Caco-2 BBe1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Cheng Yang
- Food
Science Department, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu Qu, Wuxi Shi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central
Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Chang-ji Road, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- . Phone: +1 226 217 8180. Fax: +1 226 217 8183
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Domínguez Moré GP, Feltrin C, Brambila PF, Cardona MI, Echeverry SM, Simões CMO, Aragón DM. Matrix effects of the hydroethanolic extract and the butanol fraction of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. on the biopharmaceutics classification of rutin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:738-747. [PMID: 32162346 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) categorizes active pharmaceutical ingredients according to their solubility and permeability properties, which are susceptible to matrix or formulation effects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the matrix effects of a hydroethanolic extract of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. (HEE) and its butanol fraction (BF), on the biopharmaceutics classification of their major compound, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin, RU). METHODS Rutin was quantified by HPLC-UV, and Caco-2 cell monolayer transport studies were performed to obtain the apparent permeability values (Papp ). Aqueous solubility was determined at pH 6.8 and 7.4. KEY FINDINGS The Papp values followed this order: BF > HEE > RU (1.77 ± 0.02 > 1.53 ± 0.07 > 0.90 ± 0.03 × 10-5 cm/s). The lowest solubility values followed this order: HEE > RU > BF (2.988 ± 0.07 > 0.205 ± 0.002 > 0.189 ± 0.005 mg/ml). CONCLUSIONS According to these results, rutin could be classified as BCS classes III (high solubility/low permeability) and IV (low solubility/low permeability), depending on the plant matrix. Further work needs to be done in order to establish how apply the BCS for research and development of new botanical drugs or for bioequivalence purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Paola Domínguez Moré
- Programa de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Servicios Farmacéuticos y Monitoreo de Fármacos, Universidad del Atlántico, Atlántico, Colombia.,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Clarissa Feltrin
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Freire Brambila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - María Isabel Cardona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sandra Milena Echeverry
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Diana Marcela Aragón
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Xiao Y, Xin L, Li L, Li G, Shi X, Ji G, Mi J, Xie Y. Quercetin and kaempferol increase the intestinal absorption of isorhamnetin coexisting in Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Elaeagnaceae) extracts via regulating multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:154-162. [PMID: 30668394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isorhamnetin (IS) is a flavonoid component with many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, which is also the main active component in total flavones of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Elaeagnaceae) (TFH); however, the interaction between IS and other components in TFH is unclear. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the enhancement of quercetin (QU) or kaempferol (KA) on the intestinal absorption of IS coexisting in TFH, and then preliminarily illuminate the related mechanisms. METHODS Firstly, the intestinal absorption of IS in the presence or absence of QU or KA was conducted by in vivo pharmacokinetics model, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model (SPIP), and MDCK II-MRP2 monolayer cell model to confirm the enhancement of QU or KA on IS absorption. Secondly, the effects of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitors on the IS intestinal absorption were investigated to ascertain the mediation of MRP2 on IS absorption. Finally, the effects of QU or KA on MRP2 activity, protein expression, and mRNA level were performed by SPIP, everted-gut sacs, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments to elucidate the related mechanisms. RESULTS QU or KA increased IS intestinal absorption according to the increased AUC0-96h, Cmax, and Peff of IS after co-administrated with QU or KA to rats; the oral absorption of IS was mediated by MRP2 based on the facts that the average plasma concentration, AUC0-96h, and Peff of IS were increased when co-administrated with PR or MK571 (MRP2 inhibitors) as well as the Pratio(BL/AP) of IS was decreased by MK571 in MDCK II-MRP2 cell monolayer; the activity, protein expression, and mRNA level of MRP2 were inhibited or down-regulated by QU or KA because of the increased Peff of MRP2 substrate calcein (CA) and the down-regulated relative protein and mRNA intensity after co-treated with QU or KA. CONCLUSION QU and KA increased the intestinal absorption of IS in TFH by regulating the activity and expression of MRP2, which provides useful information for the investigation of the transporter-mediated interaction of flavonoid components in herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Pharmacy Department, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lujia Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiufeng Shi
- Pharmacy Department, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinxia Mi
- Science and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Pharmacokinetic studies of active triterpenoid saponins and the total secondary saponin from Anemone raddeana Regel. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tanino T, Nagai N, Funakami Y. Phloridzin-sensitive transport of echinacoside and acteoside and altered intestinal absorption route after application of Cistanche tubulosa extract. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1457-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study was to address the beneficial effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract on improving the low intestinal permeability of echinacoside (ECH) and acteoside (ACT).
Methods
Absorption of ECH and ACT in C. tubulosa extract was characterized using human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers with intact compounds. Glucose transporter-dependent absorption of ECH and ACT was confirmed by an in-situ intestinal perfusion technique.
Key findings
The apparent permeability (Papp) was not significantly different between intact ECH and intact ACT. In the presence of phloridzin, the Papp of the ECH and ACT at a high dose was reduced to 20% of the respective non-treatment, but was not altered by phloretin and verapamil. C. tubulosa extract at low and high doses enhanced the Papp of ECH and ACT (both by threefold), resulting in their large participation in sodium-dependent glucose transporter-independent absorption. At a low concentration, concomitant ECH and ACT levels in portal blood were significantly suppressed by phloridzin.
Conclusion
The dietary and medicinal C. tubulosa extract enhancing the intestinal absorption of ECH and ACT may serve to better manage human health, although the involvement of phloridzin-sensitive transport should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Tanino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Mackie A, Grootaert C, Bajka B, Rigby N, Raes K, Van Camp J. Use of metabolomics and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to study the bioavailability and intestinal mucus diffusion of polyphenols from cauliflower waste. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Pharmacokinetics of Quercetin and Other Flavonols Studied by Liquid Chromatography and LC-MS (a Review). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gao S, Yin T, Xu B, Ma Y, Hu M. Amino acid facilitates absorption of copper in the Caco-2 cell culture model. Life Sci 2014; 109:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yan BJ, Qu HB. An approach to optimize the batch mixing process for improving the quality consistency of the products made from traditional Chinese medicines. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:1041-8. [PMID: 24190450 PMCID: PMC3829653 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on the combined effects of its constituents. Variation in chemical composition between batches of TCM has always been the deterring factor in achieving consistency in efficacy. The batch mixing process can significantly reduce the batch-to-batch quality variation in TCM extracts by mixing them in a well-designed proportion. However, reducing the quality variation without sacrificing too much of the production efficiency is one of the challenges. Accordingly, an innovative and practical batch mixing method aimed at providing acceptable efficiency for industrial production of TCM products is proposed in this work, which uses a minimum number of batches of extracts to meet the content limits. The important factors affecting the utilization ratio of the extracts (URE) were studied by simulations. The results have shown that URE was affected by the correlation between the contents of constituents, and URE decreased with the increase in the number of targets and the relative standard deviations of the contents. URE could be increased by increasing the number of storage tanks. The results have provided a reference for designing the batch mixing process. The proposed method has possible application value in reducing the quality variation in TCM and providing acceptable production efficiency simultaneously.
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Intestinal drug transporters: an overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1340-56. [PMID: 23041352 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of drug transporters as one of the determinants of pharmacokinetics has become increasingly evident. While much research has been conducted focusing the role of drug transporters in the liver and kidney less is known about the importance of uptake and efflux transporters identified in the intestine. Over the past years the effects of intestinal transporters have been studied using in vivo models, in situ organ perfusions, in vitro tissue preparations and cell lines. This review aims to describe up to date findings regarding the importance of intestinal transporters on drug absorption and bioavailability, highlighting areas in need of further research. Wu and Benet proposed a Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) that allows the prediction of transporter effects on the drug disposition of orally administered drugs. This review also discusses BDDCS predictions with respect to the role of intestinal transporters and intestinal transporter-metabolizing enzyme interplay on oral drug pharmacokinetics.
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Langerholc T, Maragkoudakis PA, Wollgast J, Gradisnik L, Cencic A. Novel and established intestinal cell line models - An indispensable tool in food science and nutrition. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011; 22:S11-S20. [PMID: 32336880 PMCID: PMC7172287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the applications of intestinal cell models of human and pig origin in food and nutritional sciences and highlights their potential as in vitro platforms for preclinical research. Intestinal cell models are used in studies of bioavailability, adsorption and transport in nutritional or toxicological settings, allergic effects of food components, as well as probiotics and/or host-pathogen gut interactions. In addition, this review discusses the advantages of using specialized and functional cell models over generic cancer-derived cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Langerholc
- Dep. of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoce, Slovenia
| | - Petros A Maragkoudakis
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Jan Wollgast
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Lidija Gradisnik
- Dep. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomskov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Avrelija Cencic
- Dep. of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoce, Slovenia
- Dep. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomskov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Qiang Z, Ye Z, Hauck C, Murphy PA, McCoy JA, Widrlechner MP, Reddy MB, Hendrich S. Permeability of rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris and ursolic acid in Salvia officinalis extracts across Caco-2 cell monolayers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1107-12. [PMID: 21798330 PMCID: PMC3202029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosmarinic acid (RA), a caffeic acid-related compound found in high concentrations in Prunella vulgaris (self-heal), and ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid concentrated in Salvia officinalis (sage), have been traditionally used to treat inflammation in the mouth, and may also be beneficial for gastrointestinal health in general. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the permeabilities of RA and UA as pure compounds and in Prunella vulgaris and Salvia officinalis ethanol extracts across human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The permeabilities and phase II biotransformation of RA and UA as pure compounds and in herbal extracts were compared using Caco-2 cells with HPLC detection. RESULTS The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)) for RA and RA in Prunella vulgaris extracts was 0.2 ± 0.05 × 10(-6)cm/s, significantly increased to 0.9 ± 0.2 × 10(-6)cm/s after β-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment. P(app) for UA and UA in Salvia officinalis extract was 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10(-6)cm/s and 2.3 ± 0.5 × 10(-6)cm/s before and after β-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment, respectively. Neither compound was affected in permeability by the herbal extract matrix. CONCLUSION RA and UA in herbal extracts had similar uptake as that found using the pure compounds, which may simplify the prediction of compound efficacy, but the apparent lack of intestinal glucuronidation/sulfation of UA is likely to further enhance the bioavailability of that compound compared with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Qiang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Abstract
The use of herbs as cures for human ailments is as old as modern man, but has now been replaced by synthetic drugs. However, the mixture of bioactive substances found in many traditional herbal remedies has similarities with modern combination therapies, like those developed by Sir John Crofton in Edinburgh for the treatment of tuberculosis. It is suggested that, in the development of these therapies, it might be possible to learn from the drug ‘cocktails’ found in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butler
- Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK
| | - R Keating
- Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK
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Gao S, Yang Z, Yin T, You M, Hu M. Validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of maackiain and its sulfate and glucuronide in blood: application to pharmacokinetic and disposition studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:288-93. [PMID: 21349678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a simultaneous, sensitive and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify maackiain and its phase II metabolites, maackiain-sulfate (M-7-S) and maackiain-glucuronide (M-7-G). A Waters BEH C18 column was used with acetonitrile/water as mobile phases. Analysis was performed under negative ionization electrospray mass spectrometer via the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The one-step protein precipitation by methanol was used to extract the analytes from plasma. The results showed that the linear response range was 5000-9.75 nM for maackiain, M-7-S, and M-7-G. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 4.88 nM for these three analytes. The intra-day variance is less than 12.4% and accuracy is in 85.7-102.0%. The inter-day variance is less than 11.2% and accuracy is in 89.6-122.2%. The analysis was done within 4.0 min. Only 20 μl of blood is needed for the analysis due to the high sensitivity of this method. The validated method was used for pharmacokinetic study in A/J mouse, maackiain Caco-2 cell culture model experiment, and maackiain glucuronidation/sulfation metabolism studies. The applications revealed that this method can be used for maackiain, M-7-S, and M-7-G analysis in both bioequivalent buffer and in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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