1
|
Collignon TE, Webber K, Piasecki J, Rahman ASW, Mondal A, Barbalho SM, Bishayee A. Avocado ( Persea americana Mill) and its phytoconstituents: potential for cancer prevention and intervention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37830928 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2260474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary compounds, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and spices, have been shown to exhibit anticancer properties due to their high concentrations of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and secondary metabolites, known as phytochemicals. Although emerging studies suggest that avocado (Persea americana Mill) displays antineoplastic properties in addition to numerous other health benefits, current literature lacks an updated comprehensive systematic review dedicated to the anticancer effects of avocado. This review aims to explore the cancer-preventive effects of avocados and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The in vitro studies suggest the various avocado-derived products and phytochemicals induced cytotoxicity, reduced cell viability, and inhibited cell proliferation. The in vivo studies revealed reduction in tumor number, size, and volume as well. The clinical studies demonstrated that avocado leaf extract increased free oxygen radical formation in larynx carcinoma tissue. Various avocado products and phytochemicals from the avocado fruit, including avocatin-B, persin, and PaDef defensin, may serve as viable cancer prevention and treatment options based on current literature. Despite many favorable outcomes, past research has been limited in scope, and more extensive and mechanism-based in vivo and randomized clinical studies should be performed before avocado-derived bioactive phytochemicals can be developed as cancer preventive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Collignon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Josh Piasecki
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Austin S W Rahman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha, India
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Totini CH, Umehara E, Reis IMA, Lago JHG, Branco A. Chemistry and Bioactivity of the Genus Persea - A Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300947. [PMID: 37539983 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides the first comprehensive appraisal of bioactive compounds and their biological activities in Persea species from 1950 to 2023. Relevant articles from reputable databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar were collected, leading to the isolation of about 141 metabolite compounds, mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty alcohols, lignoids, and γ-lactone derivatives. These compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, including insecticidal, antifeedant, nematicidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The review emphasizes the significant chemical and pharmacological potential of different Persea species, encouraging further research in various fields and medicine. Valuable insights into potential applications of Persea plants are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Totini
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Umehara
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabella M A Reis
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ford NA, Spagnuolo P, Kraft J, Bauer E. Nutritional Composition of Hass Avocado Pulp. Foods 2023; 12:2516. [PMID: 37444254 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocados (Persea americana) are a unique fruit that can provide health benefits when included in a healthy diet. As health care moves towards precision health and targeted therapies or preventative medicine, it is critical to understand foods and their dietary components. The nutritional composition and plant physiology of the Hass avocado is strikingly different from other fruits. This paper reviews the nutrient and bioactive composition of the edible portion of the Hass avocado (pulp) reported in the literature and from commercial lab analyses of the current market supply of fresh Hass avocados. These results provide comprehensive data on what nutrients and bioactives are in avocado and the quantity of these nutrients. We discuss the reasons for nutrient composition variations and review some potential health benefits of bioactive compounds found in Hass avocados.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| | - Paul Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ella Bauer
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali Abd El-Rahman H, Omar AR. Ameliorative effect of avocado oil against lufenuron induced testicular damage and infertility in male rats. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14580. [PMID: 36068645 DOI: 10.1111/and.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lufenuron is a benzoylurea pesticide that causes significant histological and histochemical damage in mammals. Avocado is a common food in the human diet that contains antioxidant and antitumor properties. In male rats, avocado oil's protection against lufenuron-induced reproductive deterioration, oxidative stress, and DNA damages was investigated. Twenty-eight mature male rats were selected and distributed into four groups: Group 1, control group were administered distilled water orally; Group 2 received 4 ml/kg avocado; Group 3 was given lufenuron (1.6 mg/kg), and Group 4 was given avocado oil/lufenuron. The findings show that lufenuron treatment reduces reproductive hormone levels, sperm count, motility, viability and causes negative histopathological changes in testicular tissue, such as decreased epithelial height and increased luminal diameter degenerated spermatogenesis. Furthermore, lufenuron reduced the content of antioxidant enzymes while increasing the level of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and corresponding DNA damage. Results showed that lufenuron is associated with testicular function impairment, which leads to infertility. Treatment with avocado oil improved reproductive hormone secretions, enzymatic activity, histological and DNA damage parameters in testis tissues, reducing the negative effects of lufenuron, proving that it may have a therapeutic role against lufenuron-mediated testicular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amel Ramadan Omar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernández-Rojas M, Rodríguez L, Trostchansky A, Fuentes E. Regulation of platelet function by natural bioactive compounds. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Motawi TMK, William MM, Nooh MM, Abd-Elgawad HM. Amelioration of cyclophosphamide toxicity via modulation of metabolizing enzymes by avocado (Persea americana) extract. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:367-376. [PMID: 34173661 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is highly effective in treating several human tumours and autoimmune disorders; but, it triggers deleterious side effects. Avocado, Persea americana (Mill.), is a widely consumed fruit with pronounced nutritional and medicinal value. Though many studies examined the protective mechanisms of natural products against CPA toxicity, almost none investigated the modulation of CPA metabolism as a potential underlying mechanism for protection. Here, we investigated the modulating effect of avocado extract (AE) on certain CPA metabolizing enzymes and its correlation with the extent of CPA-induced pulmonary toxicity and urotoxicity. METHODS Rats received oral AE (0.9 g/kg body weight/day) 7 days before a single CPA injection (150 mg/kg body weight) and continued AE intake for 2, 7 or 28 days to study three phases of CPA-induced urotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity. KEY FINDINGS CPA acutely elevated then reduced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) content and significantly suppressed bladder and lung glutathione-S-transferase activity. Furthermore, CPA elevated lung myeloperoxidase activity, DNA content and hydroxyproline level and bladder blood content. AE ameliorated CPA-induced derangements through suppression of CYP2B6 and myeloperoxidase and augmentation of glutathione-S-transferase activity in CPA-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS AE modulation of CPA metabolizing enzymes and potential anti-inflammatory effect may mitigate CPA-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira Magdy William
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Mostafa Nooh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fatty Acid Derivatives Isolated from the Oil of Persea americana (Avocado) Protects against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010171. [PMID: 33477487 PMCID: PMC7831075 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avocado oil is beneficial to human health and has been reported to have beneficial effects on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the compounds in avocado oil that affect SNHL have not been identified. In this study, we identified 20 compounds from avocado oil, including two new and 18 known fatty acid derivatives, using extensive spectroscopic analysis. The efficacy of the isolated compounds for improving SNHL was investigated in an ototoxic zebrafish model. The two new compounds, namely (2R,4R,6Z)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadec-6-ene and (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecadi-14,16-ene (compounds 1 and 2), as well as compounds 7, 9, 14, 17 and 19 showed significant improvement in damaged hair cells in toxic zebrafish. These results led to the conclusion that compounds from avocado oil as well as oil itself have a regenerative effect on damaged otic hair cells in ototoxic zebrafish.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Yu C, Zhou Y. Synthesis of
cis
β‐Hydroxy Ketones by Desymmetrization of 1,3‐Cyclopentanediones through Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Transfer. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Xuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Gui Zhou
- Zhang Dayu School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhuyan DJ, Alsherbiny MA, Perera S, Low M, Basu A, Devi OA, Barooah MS, Li CG, Papoutsis K. The Odyssey of Bioactive Compounds in Avocado ( Persea americana) and Their Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E426. [PMID: 31554332 PMCID: PMC6826385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, has recently gained substantial popularity and is often marketed as a "superfood" because of its unique nutritional composition, antioxidant content, and biochemical profile. However, the term "superfood" can be vague and misleading, as it is often associated with unrealistic health claims. This review draws a comprehensive summary and assessment of research performed in the last few decades to understand the nutritional and therapeutic properties of avocado and its bioactive compounds. In particular, studies reporting the major metabolites of avocado, their antioxidant as well as bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties, are summarized and assessed. Furthermore, the potential of avocado in novel drug discovery for the prevention and treatment of cancer, microbial, inflammatory, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases is highlighted. This review also proposes several interesting future directions for avocado research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Muhammad A Alsherbiny
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Saumya Perera
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Amrita Basu
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech.
| | - Okram Abemsana Devi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam 785013, India.
| | - Mridula Saikia Barooah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Assam 785013, India.
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Konstantinos Papoutsis
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharma A, Flores-Vallejo RDC, Cardoso-Taketa A, Villarreal ML. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:264-329. [PMID: 27155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We provide an extensive summary of the in vitro antibacterial properties of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections, and we discuss the ethnomedical information that has been published for these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a bibliographic investigation by analyzing local and international peer-reviewed papers selected by consulting internationally accepted scientific databases from 1995 to 2014. We provide specific information about the evaluated plant parts, the type of extracts, the tested bacterial strains, and the inhibitory concentrations for each one of the species. We recorded the ethnomedical information for the active species, as well as their popular names and local distribution. Information about the plant compounds that has been identified is included in the manuscript. This review also incorporates an extensive summary of the available toxicological reports on the recorded species, as well as the worldwide registries of plant patents used for treating bacterial infections. In addition, we provide a list with the top plant species with antibacterial activities in this review RESULTS: We documented the in vitro antibacterial activities of 343 plant species pertaining to 92 botanical families against 72 bacterial species, focusing particularly on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae included the largest number of active species. Information related to popular uses reveals that the majority of the plants, in addition to treating infections, are used to treat other conditions. The distribution of Mexican plants extended from those that were reported to grow in just one state to those that grow in all 32 Mexican states. From 75 plant species, 225 compounds were identified. Out of the total plant species, only 140 (40.57%) had at least one report about their toxic effects. From 1994 to July 2014 a total of 11,836 worldwide antibacterial patents prepared from different sources were recorded; only 36 antibacterial patents from plants were registered over the same time period. We offered some insights on the most important findings regarding the antibacterial effects, current state of the art, and research perspectives of top plant species with antibacterial activities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Studies of the antibacterial in vitro activity of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections indicate that both the selection of plant material and the investigation methodologies vary. Standardized experimental procedures as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic studies to document the effectiveness of plant extracts and compounds are necessary. This review presents extensive information about the medicinal plants possessing antibacterial activity that has been scientifically studied and are popularly used in Mexico. We anticipate that this review will be of use for future studies because it constitutes a valuable information tool for selecting the most significant plants and their potential antibacterial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología y Agronomía (ESIABA), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Del Carmen Flores-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodriguez-Sanchez DG, Flores-García M, Silva-Platas C, Rizzo S, Torre-Amione G, De la Peña-Diaz A, Hernández-Brenes C, García-Rivas G. Isolation and chemical identification of lipid derivatives from avocado (Persea americana) pulp with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities. Food Funct 2015; 6:193-203. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of acetogenins from avocado pulp within vitroantiplatelet aggregation andin vivoantithrombotic effects in CD1 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirthala Flores-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavéz
- México City
- Mexico
| | - Christian Silva-Platas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular
- Escuela de Medicina
- Tecnológico de Monterrey
- Monterrey
- Mexico
| | - Sheryl Rizzo
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular
- Escuela de Medicina
- Tecnológico de Monterrey
- Monterrey
- Mexico
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular
- Escuela de Medicina
- Tecnológico de Monterrey
- Monterrey
- Mexico
| | - Aurora De la Peña-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavéz
- México City
- Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología
| | - Carmen Hernández-Brenes
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Alimentos
- Escuela de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos
- Tecnológico de Monterrey
- Monterrey
- Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular
- Escuela de Medicina
- Tecnológico de Monterrey
- Monterrey
- Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Quintanilla-Licea R, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Kavimngeles-Hernández I, Garza-González JN, Hernández-García ME. Antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica of plants used in northeast Mexican traditional medicine. Bioactive compounds from Lippia graveolens and Ruta chalepensis. Molecules 2014; 19:21044-65. [PMID: 25517343 PMCID: PMC6271573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is associated with high morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. Only 18 extracts showed a significant inhibiting activity and among them six plant extracts showed more than 80% growth inhibition against E. histolytica at a concentration of 150 µg/mL and the IC50 values of these extracts were determined. Lippia graveolens Kunth and Ruta chalepensis Pers. showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with IC50 values of 59.14 and 60.07 µg/mL, respectively). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts from these two plants afforded carvacrol (1) and chalepensin (2), respectively, as bioactive compounds with antiprotozoal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Benito David Mata-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Fabio Bazaldúa-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Isvar Kavimngeles-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Norberto Garza-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Magda Elizabeth Hernández-García
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kundu JK, Chun KS. The Promise of Dried Fruits in Cancer Chemoprevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3343-52. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
14
|
Russo VC, Daiuto ER, Vietes RL, Smith RE. Postharvest Parameters of the “Fuerte” Avocado When Refrigerated in Different Modified Atmospheres. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane C. Russo
- UNESP Botucatu; Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Erica R. Daiuto
- UNESP Botucatu; Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Rogério L. Vietes
- UNESP Botucatu; Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP; Botucatu Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Sánchez D, Silva-Platas C, Rojo RP, García N, Cisneros-Zevallos L, García-Rivas G, Hernández-Brenes C. Activity-guided identification of acetogenins as novel lipophilic antioxidants present in avocado pulp (Persea americana). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 942-943:37-45. [PMID: 24211333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Avocado fruit is a rich source of health-related lipophilic phytochemicals such as monounsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, carotenes, acetogenins and sterols. However, limited information is available on the contribution of specific phytochemicals to the overall antioxidant capacity (AOC) of the fruit. Centrifugal partition chromatography was used as fractionation tool, guided by an in vitro chemical assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Subsequent experiments focused on isolation and characterization of the chemical nature of the main contributors to lipophilic AOC of avocado pulp. ORAC values obtained for acetogenins were contrasted with results from an isolated kidney mitochondria membrane lipid peroxidation bioassay. The present study established that lipophilic AOC of the pulp was significantly higher than its hydrophilic AOC. Our results confirmed the presence of acetogenins in the fractions with highest lipophilic AOC, and for the first time linked them as contributors to lipophilic-ORAC values. Further HPLC-PDA/MS-TOF analysis led to structural elucidation of two novel acetogenins, not previously reported as present in avocado pulp, along with five already known related-compounds. Antioxidant properties observed for avocado pulp acetogenins by the ORAC assay suggested that, in the presence of an emulsifying agent, acetogenins could serve as novel lipophilic antioxidants in a food matrix. Results from isolated mitochondria lipid peroxidation bioassay, indicated that L-ORAC values which may have relevance for food matrix applications, should not be interpreted to have a direct relevance in health-related claims, compounds need to be evaluated considering the complexity of biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariana Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, School of Biotechnology and Food, Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey, E. Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Endowed Chair in Cardiology. School of Medicine. Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evaluation of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry as an alternative to gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry: Avocado fruit as example. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:228-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Rodríguez-Sánchez DG, Pacheco A, García-Cruz MI, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Benavides-Lozano JA, Hernández-Brenes C. Isolation and structure elucidation of avocado seed (Persea americana) lipid derivatives that inhibit Clostridium sporogenes endospore germination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7403-11. [PMID: 23829335 DOI: 10.1021/jf401407s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Avocado fruit extracts are known to exhibit antimicrobial properties. However, the effects on bacterial endospores and the identity of antimicrobial compounds have not been fully elucidated. In this study, avocado seed extracts were tested against Clostridium sporogenes vegetative cells and active endospores. Bioassay-guided purification of a crude extract based on inhibitory properties linked antimicrobial action to six lipid derivatives from the family of acetogenin compounds. Two new structures and four compounds known to exist in nature were identified as responsible for the activity. Structurally, most potent molecules shared features of an acetyl moiety and a trans-enone group. All extracts produced inhibition zones on vegetative cells and active endospores. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of isolated molecules ranged from 7.8 to 15.6 μg/mL, and bactericidal effects were observed for an enriched fraction at 19.5 μg/mL. Identified molecules showed potential as natural alternatives to additives and antibiotics used by the food and pharmaceutical industries to inhibit Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariana Graciela Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, School of Biotechnology and Food, Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Hernández-Brenes C. Stability of avocado paste carotenoids as affected by high hydrostatic pressure processing and storage. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
Lu YC, Chang HS, Peng CF, Lin CH, Chen IS. Secondary metabolites from the unripe pulp of Persea americana and their antimycobacterial activities. Food Chem 2012; 135:2904-9. [PMID: 22980888 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Persea americana (Avocado) are nowadays used as healthy fruits in the world. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction has led to the isolation of five new fatty alcohol derivatives, avocadenols A-D (1-4) and avocadoin (5) from the unripe pulp of P. americana, along with 12 known compounds (6-17). These structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Among the isolates, avocadenol A (1), avocadenol B (2), (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadecane (6), and (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-ene (7) showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)R(V)in vitro, with MIC values of 24.0, 33.8, 24.9, and 35.7 μg/ml, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee TH, Tsai YF, Huang TT, Chen PY, Liang WL, Lee CK. Heptadecanols from the leaves of Persea americana var. americana. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Brooke DG, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7033-43. [PMID: 22044656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity study of several new synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced toxin persin has been conducted, with compounds being evaluated for their cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. A 4-pyridinyl derivative demonstrated activity comparable to that of the natural product, suggesting future directions for exploration of structure-activity relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darby G Brooke
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Devalaraja S, Jain S, Yadav H. Exotic Fruits as Therapeutic Complements for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Food Res Int 2011; 44:1856-1865. [PMID: 21857774 PMCID: PMC3156450 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity, type 2-diabetes, and the resultant metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing. As successful preventive and therapeutic strategies for these life-threatening health ailments often come with adverse side effects, nutritional elements are widely used in many countries as preventive therapies to prevent or manage metabolic syndrome. Fruits are important dietary components, and contain various bioactive constituents. Many of these constituents have been proven to be useful to manage and treat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Although exotic fruits are understudied throughout the world due to their limited regional presence, many studies reveal their potent ability to ameliorate metabolic derangements and the resultant conditions i.e. diabetes and obesity. The aim of this article is to review the role of exotic fruits and their constituents in the regulation of metabolic functions, which can beneficially alter diabetes and obesity pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Devalaraja
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim MJ, Im NK, Yu MH, Kim HJ, Lee IS. Effects of Extracts from Sarcocarp, Peels, and Seeds of Avocado on Osteoblast Differentiation and Osteoclast Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.7.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
24
|
Kulkarni P, Paul R, Ganesh N. In vitro evaluation of genotoxicity of avocado (Persea americana) fruit and leaf extracts in human peripheral lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2010; 28:172-187. [PMID: 20859823 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2010.504979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Persea americana is much sought after both for the nutritional value of its fruit and the medicinal values of its various plant parts. A chromosomal aberration assay was undertaken to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of crude extracts from avocado fruits and leaves. Chromosomal aberrations were observed in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to separately increasing concentrations of 50% methanolic extracts of Persea americana fruit and leaves. The groups exposed to leaf and fruit extracts, respectively, showed a concentration-dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations as compared to that in a control group. The mean percentage total aberrant metaphases at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg concentrations of leaf extract were found respectively to be 58 ± 7.05, 72 ± 6.41, and 78 ± 5.98, which were significantly higher (p < 0.0001 each) than that in the control group (6 ± 3.39). The mean percentage total aberrant metaphases at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg concentrations of fruit extract were found to be 18 ± 5.49, 40 ± 10.00, and 52 ± 10.20, respectively, which were significantly higher (p = 0.033, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) than that for control (6 ± 3.39). Acrocentric associations and premature centromeric separation were the two most common abnormalities observed in both the exposed groups. The group exposed to leaf extracts also showed a significant number of a variety of other structural aberrations, including breaks, fragments, dicentrics, terminal deletion, minutes, and Robertsonian translocations. The group exposed to leaf extract showed higher frequency of all types of aberrations at equal concentrations as compared to the group exposed to fruit extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kulkarni
- Department of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee SG, Yu MH, Lee SP, Lee IS. Antioxidant Activities and Induction of Apoptosis by Methanol Extracts from Avocado. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Nayak B, Raju S, Chalapathi Rao A. Wound healing activity of Persea americana (avocado) fruit: a preclinical study on rats. J Wound Care 2008; 17:123-6. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2008.17.3.28670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.S. Nayak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
| | - S.S. Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Rasal-khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.V. Chalapathi Rao
- Department of Para clinical sciences, Pathology unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Makangara JJ, Hirai N, Inomata M, Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Rufforone: A New Styrylpyrone from Sanrafaelia ruffonammari. Nat Prod Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new styrylpyrone, 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (1), together with two known styrylpyrones, 6-(7,8-epoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (2) and 6-(7,8-dihydroxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Sanrafaelia ruffonammari Verdc. 6-(7,8-Epoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one exhibited high inhibitory activity to interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide generation in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas the other two showed no activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Makangara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masahiro Inomata
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hajime Ohigashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
. ME, . GA, . AAE. Protective Effect of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Persea americana (Avocado) Against Paracetamol-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2006.416.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
29
|
Padrón JM, Miranda PO, Padrón JI, Martín VS. β′-Hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones: A new pharmacophore for the design of anticancer drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2266-9. [PMID: 16439115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of beta'-hydroxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones were prepared by means of an iron(III) catalyzed domino process. The in vitro antiproliferative activities were examined in the human solid tumor cell lines A2780, SW1573, and WiDr. The results showed that beta'-hydroxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones were more potent than alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. The best activity profiles were obtained for the derivatives bearing cyclic or branched substituents on the side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cho JY, Park SC, Kim TW, Kim KS, Song JC, Kim SK, Lee HM, Sung HJ, Park HJ, Song YB, Yoo ES, Lee CH, Rhee MH. Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Opuntia humifusa Raf. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:113-9. [PMID: 16393471 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.1.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Opuntia humifusa Raf. (O. humifusa Raf.) is a member of the Cactaceae family. To determine the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of this herb, various solvent fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) prepared from the leaves of cacti were tested using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl radical) and xanthine oxidase assays, and nitric oxide (NO)-producing macrophage cells. We found that O. humifusa Raf. displayed potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, all solvent fractions, except for the water layer, showed potent scavenging effects. The scavenging effect of the ethyl acetate fraction was higher than that of the other fractions, with IC50 values of 3.6 and 48.2 microg mL(-1). According to activity-guided fractionation, one of the active radical scavenging principles in the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be quercetin. In contrast, only two fractions (chloroform and ethyl acetate) significantly suppressed nitric oxide production from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions significantly blocked the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from the RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Moreover, ethyl acetate fractions significantly blocked the expression of IL-1beta from the RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Therefore, the results suggested that O. humifusa Raf. may modulate radical-induced toxicity via both direct scavenging activity and the inhibition of reactive species generation, and the modulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, O. humifusa Raf. may be useful as a functional food or drug against reactive species-mediated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Youl Cho
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu QY, Arteaga JR, Zhang Q, Huerta S, Go VLW, Heber D. Inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:23-30. [PMID: 15629237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 08/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the avocado is known as a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, there has been far less attention given to its content of other bioactive substances including carotenoids, which might contribute to cancer preventive properties similar to those attributed to other fruits and vegetables. The yellow-green color of the avocado prompted us to study the carotenoid content of this fruit using established methods in our laboratory. The California Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill.) was selected for study, because it is the most commonly consumed variety in the southwest United States. These avocados were found to contain the highest content of lutein among commonly eaten fruits as well as measurable amounts of related carotenoids (zeaxanthin, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene). Lutein accounted for 70% of the measured carotenoids, and the avocado also contained significant quantities of vitamin E. An acetone extract of avocado containing these carotenoids and tocopherols was shown to inhibit the growth of both androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Incubation of PC-3 cells with the avocado extract led to G(2)/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by an increase in p27 protein expression. Lutein alone did not reproduce the effects of the avocado extract on cancer cell proliferation. In common with other colorful fruits and vegetables, the avocado contains numerous bioactive carotenoids. Because the avocado also contains a significant amount of monounsaturated fat, these bioactive carotenoids are likely to be absorbed into the bloodstream, where in combination with other diet-derived phytochemicals they may contribute to the significant cancer risk reduction associated with a diet of fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Lu
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1742, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim HW, Murakami A, Williams MV, Ohigashi H. Suppressive effects of selected antioxidants on the activated leukocytes-induced mutagenesis in the co-culture assay systems. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2004; 68:238-42. [PMID: 14745192 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently established a novel co-culture assay system using activated inflammatory cells and AS52 Chinese hamster ovary cells, and demonstrated that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated from activated inflammatory leukocytes induce mutations in the gpt recorder gene in AS52 cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of 19 agents with antioxidative properties on RONS generation in cultured inflammatory cells and on mutagenesis in AS52 cells co-cultured with activated inflammatory cells. The results demonstrate that there is a linear correlation between the ability of these agents to suppress RONS production in activated inflammatory cells and to inhibit mutation in AS52 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Won Kim
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim HW, Murakami A, Nakamura Y, Ohigashi H. Screening of edible Japanese plants for suppressive effects on phorbol ester-induced superoxide generation in differentiated HL-60 cells and AS52 cells. Cancer Lett 2002; 176:7-16. [PMID: 11790448 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial xanthine oxidase (XOD) is one of the major enzymes responsible for superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation, which is involved in oxidative stress. However, there are few known reports of a convenient bioassay to detect cellular XOD activity. We tested several cell lines, and found that AS52, from Chinese hamster ovary cells, produced a significant level of O(2)(-) in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), and this activity was markedly inhibited by allopurinol, an XOD inhibitor. Using AS52 cells and differentiated HL-60 cells, we conducted screening tests of edible Japanese plant extracts for their inhibitory activities toward TPA-induced O(2)(-) generation from both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase (HL-60) and XOD (AS52). Notably, the extracts from mioga ginger, rape, avocado, carrot, turnip, taro, and shimeji showed potent inhibition of O(2)(-) generation in both cell lines. These results suggest that several edible Japanese plants carry a significant antioxidative and cancer preventive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Won Kim
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hashimura H, Ueda C, Kawabata J, Kasai T. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors from avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruits. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:1656-8. [PMID: 11515553 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A methanol extract of avocado fruits showed potent inhibitory activity against acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. The active principles were isolated and identified as (5E,12Z,15Z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-5,12,15-trienyl (1), (2R,12Z,15Z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12,15-dienyl (2), (2R*,4R*)-2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-enyl (3) and (2R*,4R*)-2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl (4) acetates by instrumental analyses. The IC50 of the compounds were 4.0 x 10(-6), 4.9 x 10(-6), 9.4 x 10(-6), and 5.1 x 10(-6) M, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hashimura
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|