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Sun Y, Huang W, Li Z, Wang T, Luo J. Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel 2-(arylamino)-5-methyl-4-methylene-7-(methylthio)-4 H-pyrido[4,3- d][1,3]oxazine-8-carbonitrile derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819845771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-methyl-4-methylene-7-methylthio-2-arylmino-4 H-pyrido[4,3- d][1,3]oxazine-8-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized via tandem aza-Wittig and annulation reactions with { N-[3-acetyl-5-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylthio)pyridin-4-yl]imino}triphenylphosphorane and aryl isocyanate in dry dichloromethane. Their structures were clearly confirmed by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for herbicidal activities against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The results indicated that the target compound 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-5-methyl-4-methylene-7-(methylthio)-4 H-pyrido[4,3- d][1,3]oxazine-8-carbonitrile showed 100% inhibition rate to grain sorghum (monocotyledonous) at the concentration of 100 mg L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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2
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ANN QSAR workflow for predicting the inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by pyridinone non-nucleoside derivatives. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1175-1191. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Pyridinone derivatives have high potency against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 strains. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies on a series of pyridinone derivatives acting as NNRTIs are very important in designing the next generation of NNRTIs. Methodology & results: The QSAR models were developed using linear (single and forward stepwise) and combined nonlinear artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. ANN provided QSAR model with highly correlating values of 0.963, 0.964, 0.920 and 0.917, corresponding to the biological activity pIC50 of the training, validation, testing and all samples, respectively. Conclusion: The nonlinear ANN-QSAR model based on the topological polarizability, geometrical steric, hydrophobicity and substituted benzene functional group indices might be able to help for designing novel pyridinone NNRTIs.
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3
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Vite-Caritino H, Méndez-Lucio O, Reyes H, Cabrera A, Chávez D, Medina-Franco JL. Advances in the development of pyridinone derivatives as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry, computational design and biological screening have advanced pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as a promising class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vite-Caritino
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Farmacia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Mexico City 04510
- Mexico
| | - Oscar Méndez-Lucio
- Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Héctor Reyes
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana
- Tijuana
- Mexico
| | - Alberto Cabrera
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana
- Tijuana
- Mexico
| | - Daniel Chávez
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química del Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana
- Tijuana
- Mexico
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Farmacia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Mexico City 04510
- Mexico
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5
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Zhan P, Chen X, Li D, Fang Z, De Clercq E, Liu X. HIV-1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E1-72. [PMID: 21523792 DOI: 10.1002/med.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nowadays represent very potent and most promising anti-AIDS agents that specifically target the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). However, the effectiveness of NNRTI drugs can be hampered by rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses and severe side effects upon long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, highly potent NNRTIs with broad spectrum antiviral activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more efficient strategies that facilitate and shorten the drug discovery process would be extremely beneficial. Fortunately, the structural diversity of NNRTIs provided a wide space for novel lead discovery, and the pharmacophore similarity of NNRTIs gave valuable hints for lead discovery and optimization. More importantly, with the continued efforts in the development of computational tools and increased crystallographic information on RT/NNRTI complexes, structure-based approaches using a combination of traditional medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and computational chemistry are being used increasingly in the design of NNRTIs. First, this review covers two decades of research and development for various NNRTI families based on their chemical scaffolds, and then describes the structural similarity of NNRTIs. We have attempted to assemble a comprehensive overview of the general approaches in NNRTI lead discovery and optimization reported in the literature during the last decade. The successful applications of medicinal chemistry strategies, crystallography, and computational tools for designing novel NNRTIs are highlighted. Future directions for research are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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6
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Geitmann M, Elinder M, Seeger C, Brandt P, de Esch IJP, Danielson UH. Identification of a novel scaffold for allosteric inhibition of wild type and drug resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by fragment library screening. J Med Chem 2011; 54:699-708. [PMID: 21207961 DOI: 10.1021/jm1010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel scaffold inhibiting wild type and drug resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1RT) has been identified in a library consisting of 1040 fragments. The fragments were significantly different from already known non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), as indicated by a Tversky similarity analysis. A screening strategy involving SPR biosensor-based interaction analysis and enzyme inhibition was used. Primary biosensor-based screening, using short concentration series, was followed by analysis of nevirapine competition and enzyme inhibition, thus identifying inhibitory fragments binding to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) binding site. Ten hits were discovered, and their affinities and resistance profiles were evaluated with wild type and three drug resistant enzyme variants (K103N, Y181C, and L100I). One fragment exhibited submillimolar K(D) and IC(50) values against all four tested enzyme variants. A substructure comparison between the fragment and 826 structurally diverse published NNRTIs confirmed that the scaffold was novel. The fragment is a bromoindanone with a ligand efficiency of 0.42 kcal/mol(-1).
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7
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Guillemont J, Benjahad A, Oumouch S, Decrane L, Palandjian P, Vernier D, Queguiner L, Andries K, de Béthune MP, Hertogs K, Grierson DS, Nguyen CH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-5 Methyl Substituted 4-Arylthio and 4-Aryloxy-3-Iodopyridin-2(1H)-one Type Anti-HIV Agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7473-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900802y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Guillemont
- TIBOTEC, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Campus de Maigremont BP315, 27430 Val de Reuil, France
| | - Abdellah Benjahad
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Said Oumouch
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Decrane
- TIBOTEC, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Campus de Maigremont BP315, 27430 Val de Reuil, France
| | - Patrice Palandjian
- TIBOTEC, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Campus de Maigremont BP315, 27430 Val de Reuil, France
| | - Daniel Vernier
- TIBOTEC, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Campus de Maigremont BP315, 27430 Val de Reuil, France
| | - Laurence Queguiner
- TIBOTEC, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Campus de Maigremont BP315, 27430 Val de Reuil, France
| | - Koen Andries
- Johnson&Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Virology Drug Discovery, Tumhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Kurt Hertogs
- TIBOTEC, Generaal De Wittelaan L 11 B3, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - David S. Grierson
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Chi Hung Nguyen
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
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8
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Le Van K, Cauvin C, de Walque S, Georges B, Boland S, Martinelli V, Demonté D, Durant F, Hevesi L, Van Lint C. New pyridinone derivatives as potent HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3636-43. [PMID: 19469474 DOI: 10.1021/jm801438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several 5-ethyl-6-methyl-4-cycloalkyloxy-pyridin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their anti HIV-1 activities against wild-type virus and clinically relevant mutant strains. A racemic mixture (10) with methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 of the cyclohexyloxy moiety had potent antiviral activity against wild-type HIV-1. Subsequent stereoselective synthesis of a stereoisomer displaying both methyl groups in equatorial position was found to have the best EC(50). Further modulations focused on position 3 of the pyridinone ring improved the antiviral activity against mutant viral strains. Compounds bearing a 3-ethyl (22) or 3-isopropyl group (23) had the highest activity against wild-type HIV-1 and displayed low-nanomolar potency against several clinically relevant mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet Le Van
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Materiaux Organiques and Laboratoire de Chimie Moleculaire Structurale, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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9
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Goud TV, Aubertin AM, Biellmann JF. Inhibitors interacting with the magnesium binding site of reverse transcriptase: synthesis and biological activity studies of 3'-(omega-amino-acyl) amino-3'-deoxy-thymidine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:495-505. [PMID: 18569788 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802088902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Active site of reverse transcriptase contains carboxylate groups involved in the magnesium binding. We prepared some nucleoside analogs which could bind to these carboxylates preventing the binding of nucleotides. To the 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-thymidine, different N-protected omega-amino-acids were bound, the protection removed to give the 3'-(omega-amino-acyl-) amino-3'-deoxy-thymidines in good yield. Some showed moderate to low activity in HIV 1 replication test.
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10
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Medina-Franco JL, Martínez-Mayorga K, Juárez-Gordiano C, Castillo R. Pyridin-2(1H)-ones: a promising class of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1141-7. [PMID: 17477343 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Cruchaga C, Odriozola L, Andréola M, Tarrago-Litvak L, Martínez-Irujo JJ. Inhibition of phosphorolysis catalyzed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is responsible for the synergy found in combinations of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine with nonnucleoside inhibitors. Biochemistry 2005; 44:3535-46. [PMID: 15736963 DOI: 10.1021/bi048129z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the growing attention to the combined chemotherapy in the treatment of AIDS, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral synergy of combinations of reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors are in most cases unknown. Most combinations of nonnucleoside inhibitors (NNRTI) with nucleoside analogues synergistically inhibit HIV-1 replication in cell culture, though they fail to show synergy in enzymatic assays. In this work we have examined the mechanisms mediating the synergy in combinations of AZTTP with NNRTIs on HIV-1 RT and their possible relevance in antiretroviral therapy. We found that if two inhibitors bind either to different sites on the RT or to the same site but to different mechanistic forms, it is always possible to find conditions in which their combination results in synergistic inhibition of DNA polymerase activity. Though these analyses are interesting from a biochemical point of view, this kind of synergy is unlikely to play any role in vivo, since this positive interaction is lost under the conditions present in viral replication. Here we describe that the synergy found for combinations of NNRTI with AZT is due not to the inhibition of the DNA polymerase activity but to the inhibition of the RT-catalyzed phosphorolysis by the NNRTI. While phosphorolytical removal of the AZT-terminated primer has been related to the mechanism of resistance toward AZT, our data suggest that a basal phosphorolysis occurs even with the wild-type enzyme, and that the inhibition of this activity could explain the synergy found in antiviral assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruchaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Navarra, calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Tosylation/mesylation of 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-2-pyridinones as an activation step in the construction of dihydropyrido[3,4-b] benzo[f][1,4]thiazepin-1-one based anti-HIV agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Andreola ML, Nguyen CH, Ventura M, Tarrago-Litvak L, Legraverend M. Antiviral activity of 4-benzyl pyridinone derivatives as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2005; 6:225-38. [PMID: 15989523 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.6.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this overview, the antiviral properties of the Curie-pyridinone compounds, a new class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) developed as anti-HIV agents, are described. These compounds are hybrids between hydroxyethoxymethyl-phenylthiothymine (HEPT) and Merck pyridinones. Several structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and the Curie-pyridinones are described. The Curie-pyridinones are potent inhibitors of both HIV-1 replication in cell culture and of HIV-1 RT activity in vitro. They are specific to HIV-1 and do not inhibit the replication of HIV-2. The mechanism of inhibition is non-competitive with respect to the natural substrate dGTP. For these reasons, the Curie-pyridinones can be considered as non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 RT. Moreover, they have the unusual ability to reach the reverse transcription complex inside the extracellular virions and may therefore be useful as retrovirucides. This might lead to the design and synthesis of new drugs able to interact with the retroviral enzyme inside the viral core.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Andreola
- Laboratory of Replication and Expression of Eucaryotic and Retroviral Genomes (REGER), UMR 5097, CNRS-Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France.
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14
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Benjahad A, Croisy M, Monneret C, Bisagni E, Mabire D, Coupa S, Poncelet A, Csoka I, Guillemont J, Meyer C, Andries K, Pauwels R, de Béthune MP, Himmel DM, Das K, Arnold E, Nguyen CH, Grierson DS. 4-Benzyl and 4-Benzoyl-3-dimethylaminopyridin-2(1H)-ones: In Vitro Evaluation of New C-3-Amino-Substituted and C-5,6-Alkyl-Substituted Analogues against Clinically Important HIV Mutant Strains. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1948-64. [PMID: 15771439 DOI: 10.1021/jm0408621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a program to optimize the anti-HIV activity of the 4-benzyl and 4-benzoyl-3-dimethylaminopyridinones 9 and 10, lead compounds in a new class of highly potent non-nucleoside type inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, modification of the alkyl substitutents at the C-5 and C-6 positions on the pyridinone ring and of the substitutents on the C-3 amino group has been studied. Of the 17 new 5/6-modified analogues prepared, compounds 31b and 32b substituted at C-5 by an extended nonpolar chain containing an ether function and a C-6 methyl group and compound 35 bearing a C-5 ethyl/C-6 hydroxymethyl substituent pattern were selected on the basis of their in vitro activity against wild-type HIV and the three principle mutant strains, K103N, Y181C, and Y188L. When tested further, it was shown that these molecules, and in particular compound 35, are globally more active than 9, 10, and efavirenz against an additional eight single [L100I, K101E, V106A, E138K, V179E, G190A/S, and F227C] and four double HIV mutant strains [L100I + K103N, K101E + K103N, K103N + Y181C, and F227L + V106A], which are clinically relevant. Concerning modulation of the N-3 substituent, 36 new analogues were prepared. Of these, the N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-substituted compounds 40, 42, and 62, as well as the doubly modified compounds 77a and 77b, were selected from the initial screen and were subsequently shown to be active at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC(50)'s) against all the other mutant strains except K103N + Y181C and F227L + V106A. Two possible, but distinct, modes of binding of these analogues in RT were suggested from molecular modeling studies. The preferred mode of binding for compound 62, corresponding to the predicted "orientation 1", was revealed in the X-ray crystal structure of the compound 62-RT complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Benjahad
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Batiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
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15
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Bajaj S, Sambi SS, Madan AK. Topochemical Models for Prediction of Anti-HIV Activity of 4-Benzyl Pyridinone Derivatives. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005; 31:1041-51. [PMID: 16316860 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500306336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between topochemical indices and anti-HIV activity of 4-Benzyl pyridinone derivatives has been investigated. The values of molecular connectivity topochemical index (an adjacency based topochemical descriptor) Wiener's topochemical index (a distance based topochemical descriptor) and superadjacency topochemical index (an adjacency cum distance based topochemical descriptor) were calculated for each of the 32 compounds comprising the data set using an in-house computer program. The resultant data was analyzed and suitable models were developed after identification of the active ranges. Subsequently, a biological activity was assigned using these models to each of the compounds involved in the dataset which was then compared with the reported anti-HIV activity. Exceptionally high accuracy of prediction was observed using these models. These models offer vast potential for providing lead structures for the development of potent anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Bajaj
- School of Chemical Technology, GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
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16
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Medina-Franco JL, Rodríguez-Morales S, Juárez-Gordiano C, Hernández-Campos A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Castillo R. Flexible docking of pyridinone derivatives into the non-nucleoside inhibitor binding site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:6085-95. [PMID: 15519154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) of the pyridinone derivative type were docked into nine NNRTIs binding pockets of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) structures. The docking results indicate that pyridinone analogues adopt a butterfly conformation and share the same binding mode as the crystal inhibitors in the pocket geometries of nevirapine, 1051U91, 9-Cl-TIBO, Cl-alpha-APA, efavirenz, UC-781, and S-1153. The results are in agreement with the data concerning mutational and structure-activity relationships available for pyridinone analogues and aid in the understanding, at the molecular level, of the biological response of published hybrid pyridinone molecules. Strategies to design further pyridinone derivatives active against RT containing mutations are discussed.
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17
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Benjahad A, Courté K, Guillemont J, Mabire D, Coupa S, Poncelet A, Csoka I, Andries K, Pauwels R, de Béthune MP, Monneret C, Bisagni E, Nguyen CH, Grierson DS. 4-Benzyl- and 4-Benzoyl-3-dimethylaminopyridin-2(1H)-ones, a New Family of Potent Anti-HIV Agents: Optimization and in Vitro Evaluation against Clinically Important HIV Mutant Strains. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5501-14. [PMID: 15481987 DOI: 10.1021/jm0407658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 4-benzyl and 4-benzoyl-3-dimethylaminopyridinones 13 and 14 are representatives of a new class of highly potent non nucleoside type inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. To conduct SAR studies on these two lead compounds, 102 new analogues were prepared. Thirty-three compounds displayed nanomolar range activity in vitro against wild-type HIV-1, and among these, 18 were active against the 103N, Y181C, and Y188L mutant strains with IC50 values inferior to 1 microM. Evaluation of this group of analogues against an additional eight single [100I, 101E, 106A, 138K, 179E, 190A, 190S, 227C] and four double HIV mutant strains [100I + 103N, 101E + 103N, 103N + 181C, and 227L + 106A], which are often present in HIV infected patients, permitted the selection of eight compounds, 17x, 18b, 18c, 18f, 18g, 27, 30, and 42, which are globally more active than the lead molecules 13/14, emivirine and the currently used NNRTI, nevirapine. Further comparison of the 3'-CN-substituted benzoylpyridinone compound 18c, and the corresponding 3'-acrylonitrile-substituted analogue 30, to efavirenz, the reference molecule in anti-HIV therapy today, revealed that the pyridinone analogues displayed a superior inhibition profile in the in vitro cellular assay system. These results form a solid basis for continued optimization of the pyridinone series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Benjahad
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, Batiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France
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18
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Benjahad A, Guillemont J, Andries K, Nguyen CH, Grierson DS. 3-iodo-4-phenoxypyridinones (IOPY's), a new family of highly potent non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:4309-12. [PMID: 14643315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Building upon the potent anti-HIV-1 activities observed for the 3-dimethylamino-4-benzylpyridinone 2, and the corresponding 4-aryloxypyridinone analogue 3, a concise and efficient route to the 3-iodo-4-aryloxypyridinones 14a-c (IOPY's) was developed. This involved reaction of the 4-hydroxy substituted pyridinone 10 with the requisite dichloroiodobenzene reagent 11. IOPY compound 14c is active at IC(50)=1-45 nM against wild type HIV-1 and a panel of six major simple/double HIV mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Benjahad
- UMR 176 CNRS-Institut Curie, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Section de Recherche, Batiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France.
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19
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Wamberg M, Pedersen EB, El-Brollosy NR, Nielsen C. Synthesis of 6-arylvinyl analogues of the HIV drugs SJ-3366 and Emivirine. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1141-9. [PMID: 14980626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and the antiviral activities of a series of 6-arylvinyl substituted analogues of SJ-3366, a highly potent agent against HIV. The objective was to investigate whether substitution of the 6-arylketone with a 6-arylvinyl group could lead to an improved antiviral activity against HIV-1. The most active compounds 1-ethoxymethyl, 1-(2-propynyloxymethyl), and 1-(2-methyl-3-phenylallyloxymethyl) substituted 6-[1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)vinyl]-5-ethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (5b, 16, and 18) showed activities against HIV-1 wild type in the range of Efavirenz, and moderate activities against Y181C and Y181C+K103N mutant strains were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wamberg
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Govaerts TC, Vogels IA, Compernolle F, Hoornaert GJ. Generation of 5,6-dimethylene-2(1H)-pyridinones from [3,4-b] sulfolene pyridinones and application in Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Odriozola L, Cruchaga C, Andréola M, Dollé V, Nguyen CH, Tarrago-Litvak L, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Martínez-Irujo JJ. Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibit phosphorolysis and resensitize the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant polymerase to AZT-5'-triphosphate. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:42710-6. [PMID: 12917424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212673200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of 3'-azido-3'deoxythymidine (AZT) 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (AZTMP) from the terminated primer mediated by the human HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has been proposed as a relevant mechanism for the resistance of HIV to AZT. Here we compared wild type and AZT-resistant (D67N/K70R/T215Y/K219Q) RTs for their ability to unblock the AZTMP-terminated primer by phosphorolysis in the presence of physiological concentrations of pyrophosphate or ATP. The AZT-resistant enzyme, as it has been previously described, showed an increased ability to unblock the AZTMP-terminated primer by an ATP-dependent mechanism. We found that only mutations in the p66 subunit were responsible for this ability. We also found that three structurally divergent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nevirapine, TIBO, and a 4-arylmethylpyridinone derivative, were able to inhibit the phosphorolytic activity of the enzyme, rendering the AZT-resistant RT sensitive to AZTTP. The 4-arylmethylpyridinone derivative proved to be about 1000-fold more potent in inhibiting phosphorolysis than nevirapine or TIBO. Moreover, combinations of AZTTP with NNRTIs exhibited an exceptionally high degree of synergy in the inhibition of AZT-resistant enzyme only when ATP or PPi were present, indicating that inhibition of phosphorolysis was responsible for the synergy found in the combination. Our results not only demonstrate the importance of phosphorolysis concerning HIV-1 RT resistance to AZT but also point to the implication of this activity in the strong synergy found in some combinations of NNRTIs with AZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Odriozola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Navarre, calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Govaerts TC, Vogels IA, Compernolle F, Hoornaert GJ. Diels–Alder reactions of pyridinone o-quinodimethanes generated from substituted sulfolene[3,4-c]pyridin-4(1H)-ones. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Govaerts TC, Vogels I, Compernolle F, Hoornaert G. Sulfolene pyridinones as precursors for pyridinone ortho -quinodimethanes and their Diels–Alder adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)02275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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