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Song X, Liu X, Yu W, Jin Y. Amide-Assisted Rearrangement of Hydroxyarylformimidoyl Chloride to Diarylurea. Molecules 2021; 26:6437. [PMID: 34770846 PMCID: PMC8587945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel amide-assisted rearrangement reaction of hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride has been established for the efficient synthesis of 1,3-diphenylurea derivatives. A variety of electronically and sterically different 1,3-diphenylurea derivatives can be obtained in good to excellent yields, and a proposed reaction mechanism is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhong Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (X.S.); (X.L.)
- Jianxi Nafutang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangshu 331200, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (X.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Wei Yu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (X.S.); (X.L.)
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2
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. Alkylating Agents, the Road Less Traversed, Changing Anticancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1478-1495. [PMID: 34382529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210811105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the gruelling challenges and poses a grave health hazard across the globe. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), new cancer diagnoses increased to 18.1 million in 2018, with 9.6 million deaths, bringing the global cancer rate to 23.6 million by 2030. In 1942, the discovery of nitrogen mustard as an alkylating agent was a tremendous breakthrough in cancer chemotherapy. It acts by binding to the DNA, and creating cross linkages between the two strands, leading to arrest of DNA replication and eventual cell death. Nitrogen lone pairs of 'nitrogen mustard' produce an intermediate 'aziridinium ion' at molecular level, which is very reactive towards DNA of tumour cells, resulting in multiple side effects with therapeutic consequences. Owing to its high reactivity and peripheral cytotoxicity, several improvements have been made with structural modifications for the past 75 years to enhance its efficacy and improve the direct transport of drugs to the tumour cells. Alkylating agents were among the first non-hormonal substances proven to be active against malignant cells and also, the most valuable cytotoxic therapies available for the treatment of leukaemia and lymphoma patients. This review focus on the versatile use of alkylating agents and the structure activity relationship (SAR) of each class of these compounds. This could provide an understanding for design and synthesis of new alkylating agents having enhanced target specificity and adequate bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra. India
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3
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Fujii A, Matsuo H, Choi JC, Fujitani T, Fujita KI. Efficient synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones and quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from CO2 catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium fluoride. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Peng X, Xu X, Chen S, Tian Z, Liu L, Liu Q. Cu(I)-catalyzed one-pot reactions of isatins, indoles, and amines toward unsymmetrically substituted 2-carbonylarylureas. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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5
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Al-Masoudi NA, Essa AH, Alwaaly AA, Saeed BA, Langer P. Synthesis and conformational analysis of new arylated-diphenylurea derivatives related to sorafenib drug via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Sarmah B, Srivastava R. Activation and Utilization of CO2 Using Ionic Liquid or Amine-Functionalized Basic Nanocrystalline Zeolites for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates and Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Rajendra Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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7
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Yan C, Ren Y, Jia JF, Wu HS. Mechanism of the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide with 2-aminobenzonitrile catalyzed by cesium carbonate: A computational study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Biophysics in cancer: The relevance of drug-membrane interaction studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2231-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Wang Q, Lu C, Zhao B, Yao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Amidato Divalent Lanthanide Complexes and Their Use in Forming 2,4-Quinazolidinones from CO2and 2-Aminobenzonitriles. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Li W, Yang N, Lyu Y. A mechanistic study on guanidine-catalyzed chemical fixation of CO2 with 2-aminobenzonitrile to quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Both basicity of TMG and acidity of the [TMGH]+ guanidinium are crucial for a reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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11
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Liu C, Cui W, Cong L, Wang L, Ruan X, Jia J, Liu Y, Jia X, Zhang X. Association Between NAT2 Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Susceptibility. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1947. [PMID: 26656326 PMCID: PMC5008471 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To further investigate the association between NAT2 polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility.In terms of phenotypes, we investigated the acetylator status of NAT2 polymorphisms associated with lung cancer risk. Additionally, in view of genotypes, we mainly analyzed 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NAT2 gene, namely C282T, A803G, C481T, G590A, and G857A. Twenty-six eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis by searching PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases. We used odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the susceptibility to lung cancer associated with NAT2 polymorphisms.Overall, based on phenotypes, the pooled ORs showed no significant association between NAT2 polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity and source of control, there was still no significant association. In terms of genotypes, overall, no obvious relationship was observed between NAT2 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. But increased risk of lung cancer was found in association with NAT2 C282T polymorphism (TT vs. CC + TC: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.11-2.25).Our meta-analysis demonstrates that TT genotype in NAT2 C282T polymorphism may be a risk factor for lung cancer susceptibility. Additionally, the acetylator status of 5 SNPs in NAT2 gene may not be associated with lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China (CL, LW, XR, JJ, YL, XJ, XZ); Department of General Surgery, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China (WC); and Department of Dermatology, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China (LC)
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12
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Xiao Y, Kong X, Xu Z, Cao C, Pang G, Shi Y. Efficient synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from CO2 catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene at atmospheric pressure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13752c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under atmospheric pressure, quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones were obtained from the reaction of 2-aminobenzonitriles with carbon dioxide (0.1 MPa) with a catalytic amount of N-heterocyclic carbene in DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- PR China
| | - Xianqiang Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- PR China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- PR China
| | - Changsheng Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- PR China
| | - Guangsheng Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Yanhui Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- PR China
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13
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Kumar S, Verma S, Shawat E, Nessim GD, Jain SL. Amino-functionalized carbon nanofibres as an efficient metal free catalyst for the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from CO2and 2-aminobenzonitriles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01900a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanofibres functionalized with pyridyl moieties were used as an efficient metal free catalyst for the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from CO2and 2-aminobenzonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Chemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
| | - Sanny Verma
- Chemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
| | - Efrat Shawat
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA)
- Bar Ilan University
- Ramat Gan
- Israel
| | - Gilbert Daniel Nessim
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA)
- Bar Ilan University
- Ramat Gan
- Israel
| | - Suman L. Jain
- Chemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun-248005
- India
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14
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Mahajan H, Bhardwaj M, Paul S. Selective Synthesis of Mono-substituted Ureas in Low Melting Citric Acid-Urea-Mannitol Mixture. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.944408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Zhao YN, Yu B, Yang ZZ, He LN. Magnetic base catalysts for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TBD-functionalized Fe3O4 was proven to be an efficient and recyclable magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for the chemical fixation of CO2 with 2-aminobenzonitriles under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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16
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Turcotte V, Fortin S, Vevey F, Coulombe Y, Lacroix J, Côté MF, Masson JY, C-Gaudreault R. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships of novel substituted N-phenyl ureidobenzenesulfonate derivatives blocking cell cycle progression in S-phase and inducing DNA double-strand breaks. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6194-208. [PMID: 22694057 PMCID: PMC3395254 DOI: 10.1021/jm3006492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight new substituted N-phenyl ureidobenzenesulfonate (PUB-SO) and 18 N-phenylureidobenzenesulfonamide (PUB-SA) derivatives were prepared. Several PUB-SOs exhibited antiproliferative activity at the micromolar level against the HT-29, M21, and MCF-7 cell lines and blocked cell cycle progression in S-phase similarly to cisplatin. In addition, PUB-SOs induced histone H2AX (γH2AX) phosphorylation, indicating that these molecules induce DNA double-strand breaks. In contrast, PUB-SAs were less active than PUB-SOs and did not block cell cycle progression in S-phase. Finally, PUB-SOs 4 and 46 exhibited potent antitumor activity in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells grafted onto chick chorioallantoic membranes, which was similar to cisplatin and combretastatin A-4 and without significant toxicity toward chick embryos. These new compounds are members of a promising new class of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Turcotte
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre de Recherche, C.H.U.Q., Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Québec, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada
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17
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Jin C, Liang YJ, He H, Fu L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel (thio)urea derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:741-4. [PMID: 21956458 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel (thio)ureas containing the pyrimidinyl group was designed and synthesized. Their in-vitro antitumor activity against different human tumor cells was examined. Some of the compounds showed potential antitumor activity, which provided some hints for further studies on structure modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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18
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Fortin S, Wei L, Moreau E, Lacroix J, Côté MF, Petitclerc E, Kotra LP, C-Gaudreault R. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships of substituted phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates as new tubulin inhibitors mimicking combretastatin A-4. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4559-80. [PMID: 21604746 PMCID: PMC3131785 DOI: 10.1021/jm200488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Sixty-one phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates (PIB-SOs) and 13 of their tetrahydro-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl analogues (PPB-SOs) were prepared and biologically evaluated. The antiproliferative activities of PIB-SOs on 16 cancer cell lines are in the nanomolar range and unaffected in cancer cells resistant to colchicine, paclitaxel, and vinblastine or overexpressing the P-glycoprotein. None of the PPB-SOs exhibit significant antiproliferative activity. PIB-SOs block the cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase and bind to the colchicine-binding site on β-tubulin leading to cytoskeleton disruption and cell death. Chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor assays show that compounds 36, 44, and 45 efficiently block angiogenesis and tumor growth at least at similar levels as combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and exhibit low to very low toxicity on the chick embryos. PIB-SOs were subjected to CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses to establish quantitative structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fortin
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre de Recherche, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Intramolecular cyclization of N-phenyl N'(2-chloroethyl)ureas leads to active N-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amines alkylating β-tubulin Glu198 and prohibitin Asp40. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1116-23. [PMID: 21371445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cyclization of anticancer drugs into active intermediates has been reported mainly for DNA alkylating molecules including nitrosoureas. We previously defined the original cytotoxic mechanism of anticancerous N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEUs) that involves their reactivity towards cellular proteins and not against DNA; two CEU subsets have been shown to alkylate β-tubulin and prohibitin leading to inhibition of cell proliferation by G₂/M or G₁/S cell cycle arrest. In this study, we demonstrated that cyclic derivatives of CEUs, N-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amines (Oxas) are two- to threefold more active than CEUs and share the same cytotoxic properties in B16F0 melanoma cells. Moreover, the CEU original covalent binding by an ester linkage on β-tubulin Glu198 and prohibitin Asp40 was maintained with Oxas. Surprisingly, we observed that Oxas were spontaneously formed from CEUs in the cell culture medium and were also detected within the cells. Our results suggest that the intramolecular cyclization of CEUs leads to active Oxas that should then be considered as the key intermediates for protein alkylation. These results will be useful for the design of new prodrugs for cancer chemotherapy.
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20
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Synthesis, characterization, and urease inhibition of 5-substituted-8-methyl-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-diones. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Fortin S, Bouchon B, Chambon C, Lacroix J, Moreau E, Chezal JM, Degoul F, C-Gaudreault R. Characterization of the covalent binding of N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas to {beta}-tubulin: importance of Glu198 in microtubule stability. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:460-7. [PMID: 20978170 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEUs) are antimicrotubule agents interacting covalently with β-tubulin near the colchicine-binding site (C-BS). Glutamyl 198 residue in β-tubulin (Glu198), which is adjacent to the C-BS behind the two potent nucleophilic residues, Cys239 and Cys354, has been shown to covalently react with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)urea (ICEU). By use of mass spectrometry, we have now identified residues in β-tubulin that have become modified irreversibly by 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-[3-(5-hydroxypentyl)phenyl]urea (HPCEU), 1-[4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)phenyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)urea (4ZCombCEU), and N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) (EBI). The binding of HPCEU and 4ZCombCEU to β-tubulin resulted in the acylation of Glu198, a protein modification of uncommon occurrence in living cells. Prototypical CEUs then were used as molecular probes to assess, in mouse B16F0 and human MDA-MB-231 cells, the role of Glu198 in microtubule stability. For that purpose, we studied the effect of Glu198 modification by ICEU, HPCEU, and 4ZCombCEU on the acetylation of Lys40 on α-tubulin, a key indicator of microtubule stability. We show that modification of Glu198 by prototypical CEUs correlates with a decrease in Lys40 acetylation, as observed also with other microtubule depolymerizing agents. Therefore, CEU affects the stability and the dynamics of microtubule, likewise a E198G mutation, which is unusual for xenobiotics. We demonstrate for the first time that EBI forms an intramolecular cross-link between Cys239 and Cys354 of β-tubulin in living cells. This work establishes a novel basis for the development of future chemotherapeutic agents and provides a framework for the design of molecules useful for studying the role of Asp and Glu residues in the structure/function and the biological activity of several cellular proteins under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fortin
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, Canada.
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Prasanna DS, Kavitha CV, Vinaya K, Ranganatha SR, Raghava B, Kumar YCS, Raghavan SC, Rangappa KS. Synthesis and Antileukemic Activity of 1-((S)-2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3-(substituted phenyl)urea Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Gao J, He LN, Miao CX, Chanfreau S. Chemical fixation of CO2: efficient synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H, 3H)-diones catalyzed by guanidines under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Fortin S, Moreau E, Lacroix J, Côté MF, Petitclerc E, C-Gaudreault R. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity evaluation and structure-activity relationships of novel aromatic urea and amide analogues of N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2928-37. [PMID: 20400211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Seven subsets of aromatic urea and amide analogues of N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEU) have been synthesized by nucleophilic addition of 3-chloropropylisocyanate, 2-chloroacetylisocyanate, ethylisocyanate, 2-chloroacetyl chloride, 3-chloropropanoyl chloride, 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride, and acryloyl chloride, respectively, to selected anilines or benzylamines to afford 3-chloropropylureas (1, CPU), 2-chloroacetylureas (2, CAU), ethylureas (3, EU), 2-chloroacetamides (4, CA), 3-chloropropionamides (5, CPA), 4-chlorobutyramides (6, CBA) and acrylamides (7, Acr). The molecular structure of these compounds has been confirmed by IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, and MS spectra and their purity also confirmed by HPLC. The CEU analogues were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines, namely human colon carcinoma HT-29, human skin melanoma M21, and human breast carcinoma MCF-7. CAU (2c to 2g), CA (4a to 4d, 4f and 4 g), CPA (5a) and Acr (7a and 7b) had IC(50) ranging from 1.4 to 25 microM. CAU, CA, CPA and Acr exhibited interesting antiproliferative activity through mechanism(s) of action unrelated to the acylation of glutamic acid at position 198 on beta-tubulin that is characterizing CEU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fortin
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre de recherche, C.H.U.Q., Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Quebec G1L 3L5, Canada.
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Synthesis and activity evaluation of phenylurea derivatives as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3873-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fortin S, Wei L, Moreau E, Labrie P, Petitclerc É, Kotra LP, C.-Gaudreault R. Mechanism of action of N-phenyl-N′-(2-chloroethyl)ureas in the colchicine-binding site at the interface between α- and β-tubulin. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3690-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jiarong L, Xian C, Daxin S, Shuling M, Qing L, Qi Z, Jianhong T. A New and Facile Synthesis of Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones. Org Lett 2009; 11:1193-6. [PMID: 19239261 DOI: 10.1021/ol900093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiarong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Chen Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Shi Daxin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Ma Shuling
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Li Qing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Zhang Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
| | - Tang Jianhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China 100081
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Synthesis of Hydrazone Derivatives of 4-(2-Chloroethyl) semicarbazide : A New Class of Cytotoxic Agents. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2009.53.1.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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N-4-iodophenyl-N′-2-chloroethylurea, a novel potential anticancer agent with colon-specific accumulation: radioiodination and comparative in vivo biodistribution profiles. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:124-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fortin JS, Côté MF, Lacroix J, Desjardins M, Petitclerc É, C.-Gaudreault R. Selective alkylation of βII-tubulin and thioredoxin-1 by structurally related subsets of aryl chloroethylureas leading to either anti-microtubules or redox modulating agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7277-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Aromatic 2-chloroethyl urea derivatives and bioisosteres. Part 2: Cytocidal activity and effects on the nuclear translocation of thioredoxin-1, and the cell cycle progression. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7477-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fortin JS, Côté MF, Lacroix J, Patenaude A, Petitclerc É, C.-Gaudreault R. Cycloalkyl-substituted aryl chloroethylureas inhibiting cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase and thioredoxin-1 nuclear translocation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3526-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martin-Kleiner I, Bombek S, Kosmrlj J, Cupić B, Cimbora-Zovko T, Jakopec S, Polanc S, Osmak M, Gabrilovac J. Selective cytotoxicity of diazenecarboxamides towards human leukemic cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1453-9. [PMID: 17686609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the cytotoxicity of 16 diazenes towards four human leukemic cell lines was tested. Regarding their structure these 16 diazenes belong to three subclasses: diazenecarboxamides (11 compounds), diazenedicarboxamides (4 compounds) and alkyl aminocarbonyldiazenecarboxylate (1 compound). The leukemic cell lines used in this study were NALM-1, JURKAT, HL-60 and K-562. Fifteen out of 16 tested diazenes were cytotoxic towards the leukemic cell lines: 11 with high efficacy (IC(50)<50 microM) at least towards two to three leukemic cell lines, and 4 with medium efficacy (IC(50)>50 microM). Ten out of these 11 diazenes have a common structure and belong to the subclass of diazenecarboxamides. Five diazenes (SB-681, LK-34, UP-39, JK-1197, UP-11) were highly cytotoxic (IC(50) values 3.3-38.9 microM) towards all four leukemic cell lines. The selectivity of the cytotoxicity towards leukemic cells was tested by using resting and Con-A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy donors and towards normal mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3. The diazenes cytotoxic towards leukemic cells, did not affect the viability of the resting PBMC suggesting selectivity of their action. Moreover, eight diazenes did not affect the normal dividing cells (Con-A-stimulated PBMC and fibroblasts). Thus, we present eight diazenes which are selectively cytotoxic towards leukemic cells, not affecting normal cells even when activated to proliferation. These compounds may represent new potential agents for the treatment of leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin-Kleiner
- Ruder Bosković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka cesta 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bouchon B, Papon J, Communal Y, Madelmont JC, Degoul F. Alkylation of prohibitin by cyclohexylphenyl-chloroethyl urea on an aspartyl residue is associated with cell cycle G(1) arrest in B16 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:449-55. [PMID: 17704829 PMCID: PMC2050821 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phenyl-chloroethyl ureas (CEUs) are a class of anticancer drugs that mainly react with proteins. Two molecules of this family, cyclohexylphenyl-chloroethyl urea (CCEU) and iodophenyl-chloroethyl urea (ICEU) induced G(1)/S and G(2)/M cell cycle blocks, respectively. We hypothesised that these observations were linked to a differential protein alkylation pattern. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Proteins from B16 cells incubated with [(14)C-urea]-CCEU and [(125)I]-ICEU were compared by 2D-analyses followed by MALDI-TOF identification of modified proteins and characterisation of the CCEU binding. Protein expression was investigated by Western blot analyses and cell cycle data were obtained by flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Several proteins (PDIA1, PDIA3, PDIA6, TRX, VDAC2) were alkylated by both ICEU and CCEU but beta-tubulin and prohibitin (PHB) were specifically alkylated by either ICEU or CCEU respectively. Specific alkylation of these two proteins might explain the observed difference in B16 cell cycle arrest in G(2) and G(1) phases respectively. Mass spectrometry studies on the alkylated prohibitin localised the modified peptide and identified Asp-40 as the target for CCEU. This alkylation induced an increased cellular content of PHB that should contribute to the accumulation of cells in G(1) phase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study reinforces our findings that CEUs alkylate proteins through an ester linkage with an acidic amino acid and shows that PHB alkylation contributes to G(1)/S arrest in CCEU treated B16 cells. Modification of PHB status and/or activity is an open route for new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouchon
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Pharmacie Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Papon
- Inserm, U484 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Y Communal
- Centre Jean Perrin Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - F Degoul
- Inserm, U484 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Author for correspondence:
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Fortin JS, Lacroix J, Desjardins M, Patenaude A, Petitclerc E, C-Gaudreault R. Alkylation potency and protein specificity of aromatic urea derivatives and bioisosteres as potential irreversible antagonists of the colchicine-binding site. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4456-69. [PMID: 17498960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEUs) have been shown to be potent antimitotics through their covalent binding to the colchicine-binding site on intracellular beta-tubulin. The present communication aimed to evaluate the role of the electrophilic 2-chloroethyl amino moiety of CEU on cell growth inhibition and the specificity of the drugs as irreversible antagonists of the colchicine-binding site. To that end, several N-phenyl-N'-(2-ethyl)urea (EU), N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)urea (CEU), N-aryl amino-2-oxazoline (OXA), and N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroacetyl)urea (CAU) derivatives were prepared and tested for their antiproliferative activity, their effect on the cell cycle, and their irreversible binding to beta-tubulin. EU derivatives were devoid of antiproliferative activity. CEUs (2h-2i, 2k, 2l, OXA 3e, 3h, 3i, 3k, 3l, tBCEU, and ICEU), OXA (3h, 3i, 3k, 3l, tBOXA, and IOXA), and CAU (4a-4m, tBCAU, and ICAU) had GI(50) between 1.7 and 10microM on three tumor cell lines. Cytotoxic CEU and OXA arrested the cell cycle in G(2)/M phase, while the corresponding CAU were not phase specific. Finally, Western blot analysis clearly showed that only CEUs 2h, 2k, 2l, tBCEU, ICEU and OXA 3h, 3i, 3k, 3l, tBOXA ,and IOXA were able to bind irreversibly to the colchicine-binding site. Our results suggest that increasing the potency of the electrophilic moiety of the aromatic ureas enhances their antiproliferative activity but decreases significantly their capacity to covalently bind to the colchicine-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Fortin
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Québec, Que., Canada G1L 3L5
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Borel M, Degoul F, Communal Y, Mounetou E, Bouchon B, C-Gaudreault R, Madelmont JC, Miot-Noirault E. N-(4-iodophenyl)-N'-(2-chloroethyl)urea as a microtubule disrupter: in vitro and in vivo profiling of antitumoral activity on CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cell line cultured and grafted to mice. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1684-91. [PMID: 17486131 PMCID: PMC2359911 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumoral profile of the microtubule disrupter N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea (ICEU) was characterised in vitro and in vivo using the CT-26 colon carcinoma cell line, on the basis of the drug uptake by the cells, the modifications of cell cycle, and β-tubulin and lipid membrane profiles. N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea exhibited a rapid and dose-dependent uptake by CT-26 cells suggesting its passive diffusion through the membranes. Intraperitoneally injected ICEU biodistributed into the grafted CT-26 tumour, resulting thus in a significant tumour growth inhibition (TGI). N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea was also observed to accumulate within colon tissue. Tumour growth inhibition was associated with a slight increase in the number of G2 tetraploid tumour cells in vivo, whereas G2 blockage was more obvious in vitro. The phenotype of β-tubulin alkylation that was clearly demonstrated in vitro was undetectable in vivo. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that cells blocked in G2 phase underwent apoptosis, as confirmed by an increase in the methylene group resonance of mobile lipids, parallel to sub-G1 accumulation of the cells. In vivo, a decrease of the signals of both the phospholipid precursors and the products of membrane degradation occurred concomitantly with TGI. This multi-analysis established, at least partly, the ICEU activity profile, in vitro and in vivo, providing additional data in favour of ICEU as a tubulin-interacting drug accumulating within the intestinal tract. This may provide a starting point for researches for future efficacious tubulin-interacting drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borel
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - F Degoul
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - Y Communal
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - E Mounetou
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - B Bouchon
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - R C-Gaudreault
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre de recherche, CHUQ, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - J C Madelmont
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - E Miot-Noirault
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
- UMR 484 INSERM, Rue Montalembert – BP 184, 63005 Clermont Ferrand Cédex, France. E-mail:
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Cronier F, Patenaude A, C-Gaudreault R, Auger M. Membrane composition modulates the interaction between a new class of antineoplastic agents deriving from aromatic 2-chloroethylureas and lipid bilayers: a solid-state NMR study. Chem Phys Lipids 2007; 146:125-35. [PMID: 17291469 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the interaction between a new class of antineoplastic agents derived from arylchloroethylureas (CEU) with three different model membranes by (31)P and (2)H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. First, we have prepared model membranes that mimic the mitochondrial inner (Mito IM) and outer (Mito OM) membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (End Ret). Our results indicate that the effects of the CEU derivatives on lipid bilayers are related to their cytotoxic activity. More specifically, a strong correlation is observed between the drug location in both the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes and its cytotoxicity. In addition, the results indicate that the lipid composition of the model membrane has a very important influence on the effects of CEUs. More specifically, a high proportion of cardiolipin in the mitochondrial inner membrane gives this system the highest fluidity and consequently, this model membrane is more rigidified by the presence of CEUs compared to the mitochondrial outer and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Finally, the results propound a hypothesis for the location of CEUs in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Cronier
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche sur la Fonction, la Structure et l'Ingénierie des Protéines, Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Ali MM, Hassan SA. Role of Some Newly Synthesized Tetrahydronaphthalenthiazol Derivatives as Anticancer Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2007.103.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Patenaude A, Deschesnes RG, Rousseau JLC, Petitclerc E, Lacroix J, Côté MF, C-Gaudreault R. New Soft Alkylating Agents with Enhanced Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells Resistant to Chemotherapeutics and Hypoxia. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2306-16. [PMID: 17332362 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chloroethylureas (CEU) are soft alkylating agents that covalently bind to beta-tubulin (betaTAC) and affect microtubule polymerization dynamics. Herein, we report the identification of a CEU subset and its corresponding oxazolines, which induce cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and microtubule disruption without alkylating beta-tubulin (N-betaTAC). Both betaTAC and N-betaTAC trigger the collapse of mitochondrial potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and modulate reactive oxygen species levels, following activation of intrinsic caspase-8 and caspase-9. Experiments using human fibrosarcoma HT1080 respiratory-deficient cells (rho(0)) and uncoupler of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) showed that betaTAC and N-betaTAC impaired the MRC. rho(0) cells displayed an increased sensitivity toward N-betaTAC as compared with rho(+) cells but, in contrast, were resistant to betaTAC or classic chemotherapeutics, such as paclitaxel. Oxazoline-195 (OXA-195), an N-betaTAC derivative, triggered massive swelling of isolated mitochondria. This effect was insensitive to cyclosporin A and to Bcl-2 addition. In contrast, adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) antagonists, bongkrekic acid or atractyloside, diminished swelling induced by OXA-195. The antiproliferative activities of the N-betaTACs CEU-025 and OXA-152 were markedly decreased in the presence of atractyloside. Conversely, pretreatment with cyclosporin A enhanced growth inhibition induced by betaTAC and N-betaTAC. One of the proteins alkylated by N-betaTAC was identified as the voltage-dependent anion channel isoform-1, an ANT partner. Our results suggest that betaTAC and N-betaTAC, despite their common ability to affect the microtubule network, trigger different cytotoxic mechanisms in cancer cells. The role of mitochondria in these mechanisms and the potential of N-betaTAC as a new therapeutic approach for targeting hypoxia-resistant cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Patenaude
- Unité de Biotechnologie et de Bioingénierie, CHUQ, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Brancale A, Silvestri R. Indole, a core nucleus for potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:209-38. [PMID: 16788980 DOI: 10.1002/med.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are the basic components of cell structure, which take part in a wide number of pivotal cellular functions. Drugs that are able to modulate the microtubule assembly either by inhibition of tubulin polymerization or by blocking microtubule disassembly are of great interest in anti-cancer therapy. Several tubulin polymerization inhibitors characterized by the presence of an indole nucleus have been obtained from natural sources or have been prepared by semi-synthesis. In the last decade an ever increasing number of synthetic indoles have been reported. We have reviewed anti-tubulin agents obtained by synthesis having an indole as core nucleus. The synthesis, the biological activity, and the structure - activity relationship aspects of 3-formyl-2-phenylindoles, heterocombretastatins, diarylindoles, 2-aroylindoles, D-24851, 2-aryl-3-aroylindoles, 3-aroyl- and 1-aroylindoles, and arylthioindoles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, United Kingdom
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42
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Deschesnes RG, Patenaude A, Rousseau JLC, Fortin JS, Ricard C, Côté MF, Huot J, C-Gaudreault R, Petitclerc E. Microtubule-Destabilizing Agents Induce Focal Adhesion Structure Disorganization and Anoikis in Cancer Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:853-64. [PMID: 17099073 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule disruption provokes cytoskeleton and cell adhesion changes whose importance for apoptosis induction remains unclear. The present study focuses on the functional and the molecular adhesion kinetics that are induced by microtubule disruption-mediated apoptosis. We showed that antimicrotubules induce a biphasic sequence of adhesion response that precedes the onset of apoptosis and focal adhesion kinase hydrolysis. Antimicrotubules first induced an increase of the cellular adhesion paralleled by the raise of focal adhesion sites and actin contractility, which was followed by a sharp decrease of cell adhesion and disorganization of focal adhesion and actin stress fibers. The latter sequence of events ends by cell rounding, detachment from the extracellular matrix, and cell death. Microtubule-disrupting agents induced a sustained paxillin phosphorylation, before the activation of apoptosis, that requires the prior activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. Interestingly, integrin-linked kinase overexpression rescued the antimicrotubule-mediated loss of cell viability. Altogether, these results propound that antimicrotubule agents induce anoikis through the loss of focal adhesion structure integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réna G Deschesnes
- Centre de Recherche, Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, Québec, Canada G1L 3L5
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Moreau E, Fortin S, Desjardins M, Rousseau JLC, Petitclerc E, C-Gaudreault R. Optimized N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas as potential antineoplastic agents: synthesis and growth inhibition activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6703-12. [PMID: 16165366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In our ongoing research program aimed at the optimization of microtubule-self-assembly disrupting agents, we have prepared three series of phenylurea analogues (CEU), derived from N-(3-omega-hydroxyalkyl or 4-omega-hydroxyalkyl or 3-omega-hydroxyalkynyl)-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)ureas. Most compounds exhibit potent growth inhibitory activity on human colon carcinoma HT-29, human skin melanoma M21, and human breast carcinoma MCF-7 tumor cell lines, with a GI50 ranging from 250 nM to 8 microM. Among these new molecules, three CEUs exhibit GI50 in the nanomolar range. They are more potent by approximately an order of magnitude than previously described CEU analogues. As such, they are attractive hit compounds for the development of potent new alkylating antitubulin drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Moreau
- Unité de biotechnologie et de bioingénierie, C.H.U.Q., Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1L 3L5.
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Bouchon B, Chambon C, Mounetou E, Papon J, Miot-Noirault E, Gaudreault RC, Madelmont JC, Degoul F. Alkylation of β-Tubulin on Glu 198 by a Microtubule Disrupter. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68:1415-22. [PMID: 16099845 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.015586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that beta-tubulin was alkylated by a microtubule disrupter, N-4-iodophenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl)urea (ICEU), on a glutamic acid residue at position 198 and not on the previously proposed reactive cysteine 239. ICEU belongs to the 4-substituted-phenyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl) urea class that alkylates mainly cellular proteins. Previous studies have shown that the tert-butyl (tBCEU) and iodo (ICEU) derivatives induce microtubule disruption because of beta-tubulin alkylation. tBCEU was supposed to bind covalently to cysteine 239 of beta-tubulin, but this binding site was not clearly confirmed (Cancer Res 60:985-992, 2000). We have isolated and analyzed beta-tubulin after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from B16 cells incubated with ICEU. Alkylated beta-tubulin had a lower apparent molecular weight and a more basic isoelectric point than the unmodified protein. Labeled N-4-[125I]CEU was effectively bound to the modified beta-tubulin but using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that none of the cysteine residues of beta-tubulin was linked to the alkylating agent. In contrast, peptide masses at m/z 4883 and 1792 in trypsin or Asp-N digestions of beta-tubulin confirmed binding of iodophenylethylureido moiety to peptides [175-213] or [197-208] respectively. Fragmentation analyses by electrospray mass spectrometry using triply charged ions of peptide [175-213] identified a glutamic acid at position 198 as target for alkylation via an ester bond with ICEU. This amino acid located in the intermediate domain of the beta-tubulin should play an essential role in the conformational structure necessary for the interaction between dimers in the protofilament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Bouchon
- UMR484, INSERM-Université d'Auvergne, BP184, Rue Montalembert, F-63005 Clermont-Fd, France
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Li Q, Sham HL. Discovery and development of antimitotic agents that inhibit tubulin polymerisation for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.11.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Varet J, Vincent L, Akwa Y, Mirshahi P, Lahary A, Legrand E, Opolon P, Mishal Z, Baulieu EE, Soria J, Soria C, Li H. Dose-dependent effect of dehydroepiandrosterone, but not of its sulphate ester, on angiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 502:21-30. [PMID: 15464086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is widely used in the elderly to prevent some adverse effects of ageing, possible deleterious side effects have not been fully assessed. We evaluated the direct actions of DHEA and DHEA sulphate on angiogenesis, a critical event in pathologies that are common in the elderly (cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammation... etc.). At physiological concentrations found in human plasma following DHEA therapy (1-50 nM), DHEA had no action on angiogenesis in vitro. In contrast, higher concentrations of DHEA (10-100 microM), which can be found in tissues after local administration or storage, inhibited in vitro endothelial cell proliferation (blockage in G2/M), migration and capillary tube formation and in vivo angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay. This inhibition might be due to a decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and to a modification of the tubulin network involved in cell proliferation and migration. The sulphate ester form of DHEA had no effect on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varet
- Laboratoire MERCI (Micro Environnement et Régulation Cellulaire Intégrée), Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 76 Rouen, France
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?imbora-Zovko T, Bombek S, Ko?mrlj J, Kova?i? L, Polanc S, Katalini? A, Osmak M. Development of potential anti-cancer agents: Diazenes and derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Makkouk AH, Bersuker IB, Boggs JE. Quantitative Drug Activity Prediction for Inhibitors of Human Breast Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2165/00124363-200418020-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mamouni R, Akssira M, Aadil M, Elhakmaoui A, Lasri J, Zaballos-Garcia E. A Facile Synthesis of New 3-Substituted-2,3- dihydropyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120026855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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