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Kvach MV, Harjes S, Kurup HM, Jameson GB, Harjes E, Filichev VV. Synthesis of 1,4-azaphosphinine nucleosides and evaluation as inhibitors of human cytidine deaminase and APOBEC3A. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1088-1098. [PMID: 38774272 PMCID: PMC11106675 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside and polynucleotide cytidine deaminases (CDAs), such as CDA and APOBEC3, share a similar mechanism of cytosine to uracil conversion. In 1984, phosphapyrimidine riboside was characterised as the most potent inhibitor of human CDA, but the quick degradation in water limited the applicability as a potential therapeutic. To improve stability in water, we synthesised derivatives of phosphapyrimidine nucleoside having a CH2 group instead of the N3 atom in the nucleobase. A charge-neutral phosphinamide and a negatively charged phosphinic acid derivative had excellent stability in water at pH 7.4, but only the charge-neutral compound inhibited human CDA, similar to previously described 2'-deoxyzebularine (Ki = 8.0 ± 1.9 and 10.7 ± 0.5 µM, respectively). However, under basic conditions, the charge-neutral phosphinamide was unstable, which prevented the incorporation into DNA using conventional DNA chemistry. In contrast, the negatively charged phosphinic acid derivative was incorporated into DNA instead of the target 2'-deoxycytidine using an automated DNA synthesiser, but no inhibition of APOBEC3A was observed for modified DNAs. Although this shows that the negative charge is poorly accommodated in the active site of CDA and APOBEC3, the synthetic route reported here provides opportunities for the synthesis of other derivatives of phosphapyrimidine riboside for potential development of more potent CDA and APOBEC3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Kvach
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Harjes
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harikrishnan M Kurup
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Thomas Building of the University of Auckland, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B Jameson
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Thomas Building of the University of Auckland, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elena Harjes
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Thomas Building of the University of Auckland, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vyacheslav V Filichev
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Thomas Building of the University of Auckland, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Kurup HM, Kvach MV, Harjes S, Jameson GB, Harjes E, Filichev VV. Seven-membered ring nucleobases as inhibitors of human cytidine deaminase and APOBEC3A. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:5117-5128. [PMID: 37282621 PMCID: PMC10282898 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The APOBEC3 (APOBEC3A-H) enzyme family as a part of the human innate immune system deaminates cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and thereby prevents the spread of pathogenic genetic information. However, APOBEC3-induced mutagenesis promotes viral and cancer evolution, thus enabling the progression of diseases and development of drug resistance. Therefore, APOBEC3 inhibition offers a possibility to complement existing antiviral and anticancer therapies and prevent the emergence of drug resistance, thus making such therapies effective for longer periods of time. Here, we synthesised nucleosides containing seven-membered nucleobases based on azepinone and compared their inhibitory potential against human cytidine deaminase (hCDA) and APOBEC3A with previously described 2'-deoxyzebularine (dZ) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyzebularine (FdZ). The nanomolar inhibitor of wild-type APOBEC3A was obtained by the incorporation of 1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-diazepin-2-one in the TTC loop of a DNA hairpin instead of the target 2'-deoxycytidine providing a Ki of 290 ± 40 nM, which is only slightly weaker than the Ki of the FdZ-containing inhibitor (117 ± 15 nM). A less potent but notably different inhibition of human cytidine deaminase (CDA) and engineered C-terminal domain of APOBEC3B was observed for 2'-deoxyribosides of the S and R isomers of hexahydro-5-hydroxy-azepin-2-one: the S-isomer was more active than the R-isomer. The S-isomer shows resemblance in the position of the OH-group observed recently for the hydrated dZ and FdZ in the crystal structures with APOBEC3G and APOBEC3A, respectively. This shows that 7-membered ring analogues of pyrimidine nucleosides can serve as a platform for further development of modified ssDNAs as powerful A3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan M Kurup
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maksim V Kvach
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Stefan Harjes
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Geoffrey B Jameson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elena Harjes
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vyacheslav V Filichev
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Manta S, Kollatos N. Unusual seven-membered ring sugars and nucleosides: synthesis and biological properties. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 42:407-425. [PMID: 36451584 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2151623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Methods of the synthesis and the investigation of the properties of unnatural seven-memebered cyclic sugars and nucleosides, are of high interest. Septanoses provide conformationally more flexible sugars and due to their similarity to natural carbohydrates they have interesting and potentially useful physical, chemical, and biological properties. Additionally, nucleosides with seven-membered sugar moiety are commonly found in natural products and biologically active molecules. Modification of such nucleosides hold great promise as therapeutic agents. The present review describes the chemical synthesis and biological properties of septanoses as well as nucleosides containing septanosyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Malki Y, Martinez J, Masurier N. 1,3-Diazepine: A privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2247-2315. [PMID: 33645848 DOI: 10.1002/med.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as effective templates for drug discovery. While benzo-1,4-diazepine constitutes the first historical example of such a structure, the 1,3 analogue is just as rich in terms of applications in medicinal chemistry. The 1,3-diazepine moiety is present in numerous biological active compounds including natural products, and is used to design compounds displaying a large range of biological activities. It is present in the clinically used anticancer compound pentostatin, in several recent FDA approved β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., avibactam) and also in coformycin, a natural product known as a ring-expanded purine analogue displaying antiviral and anticancer activities. Several other 1,3-diazepine containing compounds have entered into clinical trials. This heterocyclic structure has been and is still widely used in medicinal chemistry to design enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands, and so forth. This review endeavours to highlight the main use of the 1,3-diazepine scaffold and its derivatives, and their applications in medicinal chemistry, drug design, and therapy. We will focus more particularly on the development of enzyme inhibitors incorporating this scaffold, with a strong emphasis on the molecular interactions involved in the inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Malki
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Kvach MV, Barzak FM, Harjes S, Schares HAM, Kurup HM, Jones KF, Sutton L, Donahue J, D'Aquila RT, Jameson GB, Harki DA, Krause KL, Harjes E, Filichev VV. Differential Inhibition of APOBEC3 DNA-Mutator Isozymes by Fluoro- and Non-Fluoro-Substituted 2'-Deoxyzebularine Embedded in Single-Stranded DNA. Chembiochem 2019; 21:1028-1035. [PMID: 31633265 PMCID: PMC7142307 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The APOBEC3 (APOBEC3A‐H) enzyme family is part of the human innate immune system that restricts pathogens by scrambling pathogenic single‐stranded (ss) DNA by deamination of cytosines to produce uracil residues. However, APOBEC3‐mediated mutagenesis of viral and cancer DNA promotes its evolution, thus enabling disease progression and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, APOBEC3 inhibition offers a new strategy to complement existing antiviral and anticancer therapies by making such therapies effective for longer periods of time, thereby preventing the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we have synthesised 2′‐deoxynucleoside forms of several known inhibitors of cytidine deaminase (CDA), incorporated them into oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) in place of 2′‐deoxycytidine in the preferred substrates of APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3G, and evaluated their inhibitory potential against these enzymes. An oligo containing a 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyzebularine (5FdZ) motif exhibited an inhibition constant against APOBEC3B 3.5 times better than that of the comparable 2′‐deoxyzebularine‐containing (dZ‐containing) oligo. A similar inhibition trend was observed for wild‐type APOBEC3A. In contrast, use of the 5FdZ motif in an oligo designed for APOBEC3G inhibition resulted in an inhibitor that was less potent than the dZ‐containing oligo both in the case of APOBEC3GCTD and in that of full‐length wild‐type APOBEC3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Kvach
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Fareeda M Barzak
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Harjes
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Henry A M Schares
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Harikrishnan M Kurup
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Katherine F Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lorraine Sutton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - John Donahue
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard T D'Aquila
- Division of Infectious Diseases and, Northwestern HIV Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2330, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Geoffrey B Jameson
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel A Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kurt L Krause
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Elena Harjes
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vyacheslav V Filichev
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Frances A, Cordelier P. The Emerging Role of Cytidine Deaminase in Human Diseases: A New Opportunity for Therapy? Mol Ther 2019; 28:357-366. [PMID: 31870623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling activity of cytidine deaminase (CDA) within the pyrimidine salvage pathway is essential to DNA and RNA synthesis. As such, CDA deficiency can lead to replicative stress, notably in Bloom syndrome. Alternatively, CDA also can deaminate cytidine and deoxycytidine analog-based therapies, such as gemcitabine. Thus, CDA overexpression is often associated with lower systemic, chemotherapy-related, adverse effects but also with resistance to treatment. Considering the increasing interest of CDA in cancer chemoresistance, the aims of this review are to describe CDA structure, regulation of expression, and activity, and to report the therapeutic strategies based on CDA expression that recently emerged for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Frances
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.
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Takemura Y, Satoh M, Hatanaka K, Kubota S. Zebularine exerts its antiproliferative activity through S phase delay and cell death in human malignant mesothelioma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1159-1164. [PMID: 29685095 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1459466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-related aggressive tumor and current therapy remains ineffective. Zebularine as a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor has an anti-tumor effect in several human cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether zebularine could induce antiproliferative effect in human malignant mesothelioma cells. Zebularine induced cell growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, zebularine dose-dependently decreased expression of DNMT1 in all malignant mesothelioma cells tested. Cell cycle analysis indicated that zebularine induced S phase delay. Zebularine also induced cell death in malignant mesothelioma cells. In contrast, zebularine did not induce cell growth inhibition and cell death in human normal fibroblast cells. These results suggest that zebularine has a potential for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma by inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Takemura
- a Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Motohiko Satoh
- a Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kenichi Hatanaka
- a Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shunichiro Kubota
- a Institute of Industrial Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Teikyo Heisei University , Tokyo , Japan
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3-Phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazin-7-one as nucleobase substitute in DNA: synthesis of the 2′-deoxyribonucleoside, cyclonucleoside formation, and base pairing in oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kim M, Gajulapati K, Kim C, Jung HY, Goo J, Lee K, Kaur N, Kang HJ, Chung SJ, Choi Y. A facile synthetic route to diazepinone derivatives via ring closing metathesis and its application for human cytidine deaminase inhibitors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11443-5. [PMID: 23086289 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35484e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of diazepinone derivatives were prepared from α-amino acids and amino alcohols by a new synthetic methodology based on ring closing metathesis as a key step. The diazepinones were coupled with ribose derivatives to afford novel diazepinone nucleosides. Among them, (4R)-1-ribosyl-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-1,3-diazepin-2(7H)-one (3) showed a potent inhibitory effect (K(i) = 145.97 ± 4.87 nM) against human cytidine deaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyoung Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Fesenko AA, Trafimova LA, Shutalev AD. Synthesis of functionalized tetrahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ones and 1-carbamoyl-1H-pyrroles viaring expansion and ring expansion/ring contraction of tetrahydropyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:447-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06284k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Fesenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, 86 Vernadsky Avenue, 119571, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ludek OR, Schroeder GK, Liao C, Russ PL, Wolfenden R, Marquez VE. Synthesis and conformational analysis of locked carbocyclic analogues of 1,3-diazepinone riboside, a high-affinity cytidine deaminase inhibitor. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6212-23. [PMID: 19618900 PMCID: PMC2727169 DOI: 10.1021/jo901127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) catalyzes the deamination of cytidine via a hydrated transition-state intermediate that results from the nucleophilic attack of zinc-bound water at the active site. Nucleoside analogues where the leaving NH(3) group is replaced by a proton and prevent conversion of the transition state to product are very potent inhibitors of the enzyme. However, stable carbocyclic versions of these analogues are less effective as the role of the ribose in facilitating formation of hydrated species is abolished. The discovery that a 1,3-diazepinone riboside (4) operated as a tight-binding inhibitor of CDA independent of hydration provided the opportunity to study novel inhibitors built as conformationally locked, carbocyclic 1,3-diazepinone nucleosides to determine the enzyme's conformational preference for a specific form of sugar pucker. This work describes the synthesis of two target bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides, locked as north (5) and south (6) conformers, as well as a flexible analogue (7) built with a cyclopentane ring. The seven-membered 1,3-diazepinone ring in all the three targets was built from the corresponding benzoyl-protected carbocyclic bis-allyl ureas by ring-closing metathesis. The results demonstrate CDA's binding preference for a south sugar pucker in agreement with the high-resolution crystal structures of other CDA inhibitors bound at the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf R. Ludek
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Gottfried K. Schroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Pamela L. Russ
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Richard Wolfenden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Victor E. Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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Ludek OR, Schroeder GK, Wolfenden R, Marquez VE. Synthesis of conformationally locked carbocyclic 1,3-diazepinone nucleosides as inhibitors of cytidine deaminase. NUCLEIC ACIDS SYMPOSIUM SERIES (2004) 2008:659-60. [PMID: 18776552 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of carbocyclic nucleoside inhibitors of cytidine deaminase (CDA) based on a seven-membered 1,3-diazepin-2-one moiety. In the key step, the seven-membered ring was formed by a ring-closing-metathesis reaction. Therefore, the bis-allyl-urea moiety had to be protected by benzoylation in order to obtain an orientation suitable for ring closure. To our surprise, the analogue built on a flexible sugar template (4) showed a 100-fold stronger inhibition of CDA than the derivative with the preferred south-conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf R Ludek
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Marquez VE. Mechanisms of Formation of Cyclic Urea Nucleosides. 2. Direct N-Glycosylation Versus O- to N-Transglycosylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318308078851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Marquez VE, Barchi JJ, Kelley JA, Rao KVR, Agbaria R, Ben-Kasus T, Cheng JC, Yoo CB, Jones PA. Zebularine: a unique molecule for an epigenetically based strategy in cancer chemotherapy. The magic of its chemistry and biology. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:305-18. [PMID: 16247946 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200059765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (zebularine) is structurally 4-deamino cytidine. The increased electrophilic character of this simple aglycon endows the molecule with unique chemical and biological properties, making zebularine a versatile starting material for the synthesis of complex nucleosides and an effective inhibitor of cytidine deaminase and DNA cytosine methyltransferase. Zebularine is a stable, antitumor agent that preferentially targets cancer cells and shows activity both in vitro and in experimental animals, even after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI at Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Ben-Kasus T, Ben-Zvi Z, Marquez VE, Kelley JA, Agbaria R. Metabolic activation of zebularine, a novel DNA methylation inhibitor, in human bladder carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:121-33. [PMID: 15885659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zebularine (2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside, Zeb), a synthetic analogue of cytidine that is a potent inhibitor of cytidine deaminase, has been recently identified as a general inhibitor of DNA methylation. This inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) is hypothesized to be mechanism-based and result from formation of a covalent complex between the enzyme and zebularine-substituted DNA. Metabolic activation of Zeb thus requires that it be phosphorylated and incorporated into DNA. We have quantitatively assessed the phosphorylation and DNA incorporation of Zeb in T24 cells using 2-[(14)C]-Zeb in conjunction with gradient anion-exchange HPLC and selected enzymatic and spectroscopic analyses. The corresponding 5'-mono-, di- and triphosphates of Zeb were readily formed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Two additional Zeb-containing metabolites were tentatively identified as diphosphocholine (Zeb-DP-Chol) and diphosphoethanolamine adducts. Intracellular concentrations of Zeb-TP and Zeb-DP-Chol were similar and greatly exceeded those of other metabolites. DNA incorporation occurred but was surpassed by that of RNA by at least seven-fold. Equivalent levels and similar intracellular metabolic patterns were also observed in the Molt-4 (human T-lymphoblasts) and MC38 (murine colon carcinoma) cell lines. For male BALB/c nu/nu mice implanted s.c. with the EJ6 variant of T24 bladder carcinoma and treated i.p. with 500mg/kg 2-[(14)C]-Zeb, the in vivo phosphorylation pattern of Zeb in tumor tissue examined 24h after drug administration was similar to that observed in vitro. The complex metabolism of Zeb and its limited DNA incorporation suggest that these are the reasons why it is less potent than either 5-azacytidine or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and requires higher doses for equivalent inhibition of DNMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsipi Ben-Kasus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Bae JY, Kim SJ, Lah MS, Chin CS. Imidazolium and Phosphonium Alkylselenites for the Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines: Mechanistic Studies. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om030005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sik Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Bae
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Lah
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Chong Shik Chin
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
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19
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Dougherty JM, Probst DA, Robinson RE, Moore JD, Klein TA, Snelgrove KA, Hanson PR. Ring-Closing Metathesis Strategies to Cyclic Sulfamide Peptidomimetics. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Shutalev AD, Zavodnik VE, Gurskaya GV. New pyrimidine cyclonucleosides with hydrogenated aglycones: synthesis and X-ray structures. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:1831-46. [PMID: 11200277 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008045464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acid catalysed transformations of (6S)-6,5'-anhydro-6-hydroxy-1-(2',3'-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)hexahydropyrimidine-2-thione are studied. (6R)-6,2'-anhydro-6-hydroxy-1-(alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)hexahydropyrimidine-2-thione was formed as a thermodynamically stable product. Two intermediates, (6S)-6,5'-anhydro-6-hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)hexahydropyrimidine-2-thione and 6-hydroxy-1-(D-ribosyl)hexahydropyrimidine-2-thione and products of cleavage of glycosidic bond were identified in the reaction mixtures. Results of X-ray structural determination of the synthesised nucleosides are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Shutalev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Lewis JP, Carter, CW, Hermans J, Pan W, Lee TS, Yang W. Active Species for the Ground-State Complex of Cytidine Deaminase: A Linear-Scaling Quantum Mechanical Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973522w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Lewis
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354
| | - Charles W. Carter,
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354
| | - Jan Hermans
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354
| | - Wei Pan
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354
| | - Tai-Sung Lee
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354
| | - Weitao Yang
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354
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22
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Kondo T, Kotachi S, Tsuji Y, Watanabe Y, Mitsudo TA. Novel Ruthenium-Complex-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ureas from Formamides and Amines. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Kondo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Shinji Kotachi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
| | - Take-aki Mitsudo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
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23
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Cristalli G, Volpini R, Vittori S, Camaioni E, Rafaiani G, Potenza S, Vita A. Diazepinone Nucleosides as Inhibitors of Cytidine Deaminase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319608002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Szalay R, Böcskei Z, Knausz D, Lovász C, Újszászy K, Szakács L, Sohár P. Preparation, crystal structure and thermal decomposition study of some trimethylsilyl esters of dicarbamic acids. J Organomet Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(95)05833-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Shutalev AD, Ignatova LA. N-glycosides. 9. Reaction of 3,5-O-isopropylidenexylofuranosylamine with ?-isothiocyanatoaldehydes. Synthesis of new cyclonucleosides with a hexahydropyrimidine aglycone. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00534395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Barchi JJ, Haces A, Marquez VE, McCormack JJ. Inhibition of Cytidine Deaminase by Derivatives of 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-Dihydropyrimidin-2-One (Zebularine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319208017823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Laliberté J, Marquez VE, Momparler RL. Potent inhibitors for the deamination of cytosine arabinoside and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine by human cytidine deaminase. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 30:7-11. [PMID: 1375134 DOI: 10.1007/bf00686478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deamination of the nucleoside analogues ARA-C and 5-AZA-CdR by CR deaminase results in a loss of antileukemic activity. To prevent the inactivation of these analogues, inhibitors of CR deaminase may prove to be useful agents. In the present study we investigated the effects of the deaminase inhibitors Zebularine, 5-F-Zebularine, and diazepinone riboside on the deamination of CR, ARA-C, and 5-AZA-CdR using highly purified human CR deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5). These inhibitors produced a competitive type of inhibition with each substrate, the potency of which followed the patterns diazepinone riboside greater than 5-F-Zebularine and THU greater than Zebularine. 5-AZA-CdR was more sensitive than ARA-C to the inhibition produced by these deaminase inhibitors. The inhibition constants for diazepinone riboside lay in the range of 5-15 nM, suggesting that this inhibitor could be an excellent candidate for use in combination chemotherapy with either ARA-C or 5-AZA-CdR in patients with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laliberté
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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28
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Avalos M, Babiano R, Cintas P, Fuentes J, Jimenez JL, Palacios JC. Reaction of Glycosylisothiocyanates with 2-Chloroethylamine. Synthesis and Structure of N-Nucleoside Analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319008045117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Incomplete Factorial Search for Conditions Leading to High Quality Crystals of Escherichia coli Cytidine Deaminase Complexed to a Transition State Analog Inhibitor. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Yoshida T, Kambe N, Murai S, Sonoda N. A New Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas, Cyclic Urethanes, and a Quinazolinedione. Selenium-Assisted Carbonylation of Aromatic Amines with Carbon Monoxide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Kornblatt MJ, Tee OS. Inhibition of yeast cytosine deaminase by 5-bromo-2-pyrimidinone and its covalent hydrate. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 156:297-300. [PMID: 3516692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) is inhibited by 5-bromo-2-pyrimidinone. In aqueous solution at neutral pH three forms of this compound (the anion, the parent, and the covalent hydrate) are in equilibrium. Experiments were undertaken in order to determine the relative contributions of these three forms to the observed inhibition. The anion makes little or no contribution. Both the parent and the covalent hydrate inhibit the enzyme, with the Ki for the hydrate being 0.2-0.02 times that of the parent. In the presence of stoichiometric concentrations of the enzyme, the equilibrium between parent and hydrate is displaced towards the hydrate; however, the hydration is not catalyzed by cytosine deaminase.
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32
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Yoshida T, Kambe N, Murai S, Sonoda N. A new synthesis of cyclic ureas from aromatic diamines by selenium-assisted carbonylation with carbon monoxide. Tetrahedron Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Ling Chwang T, Williams RD, Schieber JE. Synthesis of 2′-o-nitro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine and 2′-o-nitro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine. Tetrahedron Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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