Beta-adrenergic blocking agents. I. Pronethalol and related N-alkyl and N-aralkyl derivatives of 2-amino-1-(2-naphythyl)ethanol

Enantioselective syntheses of β-amino alcohols catalyzed by recyclable chiral Fe(iii) metal complex

An efficient asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-epoxides with anilines catalyzed by a series of simple and environmentally benign in situ generated Fe(iii) complexes based on chiral tridentate ligands L1–L7 was carried out at rt.

Solid-State Hosts by the Template Polymerization of Columnar Liquid Crystals: Locked Supramolecular Architectures around Chiral 2-Amino Alcohols

The cross-linking of multicomponent liquid crystals could be applied to the synthesis of nanometer-sized porous materials with a well-defined structure. In this work we demonstrate the template polymerization of columnar liquid crystals composed of the salts of a carboxylic acid and enantiopure 2-amino alcohols, and the application of one of them as a solid-state host. The salts of 3,4,5-tris(11-acryloyloxyundecyloxy)benzoic acid with (S)-2-amino-1-propanol and with (1R,2S)-norephedrine showed hexagonal and rectangular columnar liquid-crystalline structures, respectively. The successful application of gamma-ray-induced polymerization to the cross-linking of the liquid-crystalline salts, which was more advantageous than photoinduced polymerization from the standpoint of the retention of the original structural order in the gram-scale preparation of the polymers with a homogeneous columnar structure. The cross-linked polymer thus obtained from the gallic acid derivative and (1R,2S)-norephedrine was applicable as a heterogeneous host to capture amines from a guest solution through acid-amine interactions. When (1R,2S)-norephedrine was replaced with other amines through the guest-exchange reaction, a "template effect" was observed; the size and shape of the guests were determining factors for the efficiency of the guest exchange. The guest adsorption was found to proceed in an enantioselective manner when racemic 2-amino alcohols were used as guests, especially in the cases of substrates possessing a bulky substituent at the C1-position. The guest preference was again elucidated by the template effect, although the enantioselection mode was switched depending on the presence of a C2 substituent.

Lateral motion of beta receptors in membranes of cultured liver cells

We have studied the lateral mobility and distribution of beta receptors on Chang human liver cells by fluorescence photobleaching recovery and video intensification microscopy. The beta receptors were labeled with the fluorescent antagonist 7-(2-allylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-1-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazolyl)-1 ,4-diazaheptane (Alp-NBD). Sixty to 75% of the staining was specific (displaceable by unlabeled antagonists). Most of the antagonist-occupied beta receptors were immobile, because only 15-25% of their fluorescence recovered on the experimental time scale at 23 degrees C. This immobility correlates with the clustered distribution of Alp-NBD--beta-receptor complexes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The beta receptors appear to be aggregated prior to antagonist binding, because visible patches were observed immediately after labeling for 30 sec at 4 degrees C. Preincubation at 37 degrees C with (--)-isoproterenol, a beta agonist, prior to Alp-NBD labeling induced a time-dependent release of the beta receptors to a more homogeneous distribution and increased the mobile fraction to 70-80% (lateral diffusion coefficient = 1.4 X 10(-9) cm2/sec at 23 degrees C). This is not due to an effect on membrane fluidity, because the diffusion coefficient of a lipid probe was not altered. The time course of agonist-induced beta-receptor mobilization correlates with receptor loss and adenylate cyclase desensitization but is much slower than adenylate cyclase activation. This indicates that adenylate cyclase activation by beta receptors does not require macroscopic lateral mobility of the majority of the beta receptors.

New biphenyl derivatives II: 1-(4-Biphenylyl)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethanes and 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1-chloro-2-aminoethanes as potential beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents

Series of 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethanes and 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1-chloro-2-aminoethanes were synthesized. Newly developed reaction conditions for aryl aminomethyl ketone reduction and reductive alkylation, using sodium borohydride, are described. The prepared compounds were examined for adrenergic blocking activity on an anesthetized dog blood pressure preparation and on isolated toad hearts. beta-Adrenergic blockade was investigated using isoproterenol as the agonist. The benzylamino and cyclohexylamino analogs exhibited marked beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity, for which the latter derivatives were more potent.