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Research Progress on the Biological Activities of Metal Complexes Bearing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrazones. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238393. [PMID: 36500482 PMCID: PMC9739244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to the abundant and promising biological activities of aromatic hydrazones, it is of great significance to study the biological activities of their metal complexes for the research and development of metal-based drugs. In this review, we focus on the metal complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrazones, which still do not receive much attention, and summarize the studies related to their biological activities. Although the large number of metal complexes in phenylhydrazone prevent them all from being summarized, the significant value of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons themselves (such as naphthalene and anthracene) as pharmacophores are also considered. Therefore, the bioactivities of the metal complexes of naphthylhydrazone and anthrahydrazone are focused on, and the recent research progress on the metal complexes of anthrahydrazone by the authors is also included. In terms of biological activities, these complexes mainly show antibacterial and anticancer activities, along with less bioactivities. The present review demonstrates that the structural design and bioactivities of these complexes are fundamental, which also indicates a certain structure-activity relationship (SAR) in some substructural areas. However, a systematic and comprehensive conclusion of the SAR is still not available, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the bioactivities of the metal complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrazones since their potential in structural design and biological activity remains to be explored. We hope that this review will attract more researchers to devote their interest and energy into this promising area.
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2
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Farshbaf S, Anzenbacher P. Fluorimetric sensing of ATP in water by an imidazolium hydrazone based sensor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1770-1773. [PMID: 30666327 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisantrene, a simple anthracene derivative carrying two imidazolium hydrazone moieties, has been used as a highly selective sensor of ATP in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Farshbaf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green
- Ohio 43403
- USA
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green
- Ohio 43403
- USA
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3
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Complexation behavior of imidazoline hydrazones towards Cu2+ and Hg2+: Structure, sensing and DNA binding studies. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Safari J, Gandomi-Ravandi S. Structure, synthesis and application of azines: a historical perspective. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review surveys the broad chemical aspects of azines, since they have not previously been done in any detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Safari
- Laboratory of Organic Compound Research
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- University of Kashan
- Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Soheila Gandomi-Ravandi
- Laboratory of Organic Compound Research
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- University of Kashan
- Kashan, I.R. Iran
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5
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6
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7
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Funel JA, Abele S. Industrial Applications of the Diels-Alder Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3822-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Yousefi R, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Soltani Rad MN, Behrouz S, Panahi F, Esmaili M, Ghaffari SM, Niazi A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Structure–cytotoxicity relationship of a novel series of miconazole-like compounds. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Katsuta S, Miyagi D, Yamada H, Okujima T, Mori S, Nakayama KI, Uno H. Synthesis, Properties, and Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistor Performances of Symmetrically Cyanated Pentacene and Naphthacene as Air-Stable Acene Derivatives. Org Lett 2011; 13:1454-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyagi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan, Department of Electrical Devices, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan, CREST, JST, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075, Japan, and Department of Molecular Science, Integrated Center for Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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10
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Stoy P, Rush J, Pearson WH. The Synthesis of 9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐(Methaniminomethano)Anthracene andN‐Protected Derivatives Via Double Reductive Amination. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stoy
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenny Rush
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William H. Pearson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- b Berry & Associates, Inc. , 2434 Bishop Circle East, Dexter, Michigan, 48130, USA
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11
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Soltani Rad MN, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Behrouz S. Synthesis of some novel hydrazono acyclic nucleoside analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:49. [PMID: 20563270 PMCID: PMC2887276 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of novel hydrazono acyclic nucleosides similar to miconazole scaffolds are described. In this series of acyclic nucleosides, pyrimidine as well as purine and other azole derivatives replaced the imidazole function in miconazole and the ether group was replaced with a hydrazone moiety using phenylhydrazine. To interpret the dominant formation of (E)-hydrazone derivatives rather than (Z)-isomers, PM3 semiempirical quantum mechanic calculations were carried out which indicated that the (E)-isomers had the lower heats of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad N Soltani Rad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran.
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12
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Kamal A, Ramu R, Tekumalla V, Khanna GBR, Barkume MS, Juvekar AS, Zingde SM. Synthesis, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity studies of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-anthraquinone conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6868-75. [PMID: 17822905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-anthraquinone conjugates have been prepared and evaluated for their DNA binding ability as well as anticancer activity. Some of these molecules have shown significant anticancer activity in a number of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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13
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Zhan W, Liang Z, Zhu A, Kurtkaya S, Shim H, Snyder JP, Liotta DC. Discovery of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5655-64. [PMID: 17958344 DOI: 10.1021/jm070679i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In light of a proposed molecular mechanism for the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) antagonist 1 (AMD3100), a template with the general structure 2 was designed, and 15 was identified as a lead by means of an affinity binding assay against the ligand-mimicking CXCR4 antagonist 3 (TN14003). Following a structure-activity profile around 15, the design and synthesis of a series of novel small molecular CXCR4 antagonists led to the discovery of 32 (WZ811). The compound shows subnanomolar potency (EC50 = 0.3 nM) in an affinity binding assay. In addition, when subjected to in vitro functional evaluation, 32 efficiently inhibits CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-mediated modulation of cyclic adenosine monophophate (cAMP) levels (EC50 = 1.2 nM) and SDF-1 induced Matrigel invasion (EC50 = 5.2 nM). Molecular field topology analysis (MFTA), a 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach based on local molecular properties (Van der Waals radii (VdW), atomic charges, and local lipophilicity), applied to the 32 series suggests structural modifications to improve potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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14
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Sztanke K, Pasternak K, Rzymowska J, Sztanke M, Kandefer-Szerszeń M, Dybała I, Kozioł AE. Identification of antitumour activity of novel derivatives of 8-aryl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3,4-dione and 8-aryl-4-imino-2,3,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3(6H)-one. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2837-49. [PMID: 17331732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The series of 8-aryl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3,4-diones (11-20) and 8-aryl-4-imino-2,3,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3(6H)-ones (21-25) were designed and their in vitro cytotoxic activities against human LS180, HeLa, T47D, A549 and RPMI 8226 carcinoma cells are presented. In the crystalline state molecule 12 exists as the predominant tautomeric 3-oxo form, whereas the second possible 3-hydroxy tautomer is not observed. Compound 19 revealed a strong affection to LS180 cancer cells at lower tested concentration (37.9 microM) and simultaneously was found to be non-toxic towards the normal cell line investigated--GMK cells. Furthermore, this compound was proved to possess the efficiency for DNA strand breakage of the examined cancer cell lines. However, imidazotriazin-3,4-dione 20 was able to cause significant viability decreases in human RPMI 8226 peripheral blood myeloma cells. Compound 22 has exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against LS180 and A549 carcinoma cells, whereas 24 revealed the highest growth inhibition against A549 cell line. Simultaneously, at lower tested concentration these compounds were proved to be completely non-toxic for GMK cells. Moreover, cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of starting, tautomeric 1-aryl-2-hydrazonoimidazolidines (1-6 and 8-9) are presented. Six of them (1-2, 4-6 and 9) proved active as antimicrobials. All these compounds revealed MIC values in the range of 15.0-78.6 microM. Their activities were compared to those of ampicillin and chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztanke
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Professor Feliks Skubiszewski Medical University, 4 Staszica Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
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15
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Huang HS, Chen IB, Huang KF, Lu WC, Shieh FY, Huang YY, Huang FC, Lin JJ. Synthesis and Human Telomerase Inhibition of a Series of Regioisomeric Disubstituted Amidoanthraquinones. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:284-92. [PMID: 17268103 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is the enzymatic activity that maintains the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomerase activity is detected in most tumor cells whereas it is low or undetectable in most normal somatic cells. Expression of the telomerase catalytic component, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), is believed to be controlled primarily at the level of transcription. Because of this selective expression property of telomerase, it has been touted as a specific target for antitumor chemotherapeutics. However, a concern for the applicability of telomerase inhibitors is that they require a long lag time for telomeres to be shortened to critical length before cancer cells stop proliferating. Here we investigate telomerase inhibitory, cytotoxicity and the hTERT repressing effects on a number of synthesized 2,6-diamidoanthraquinones and 1,5-diamidoanthraquinones as compared to their disubstituted homologues. We found that several of the 1,5-diamidoanthraquinones and 2,6-diamidoanthraquinones inhibited telomerase activity effectively with IC50 at the sub-micro to micro molar range and caused acute cytotoxicity to cancer cells with EC50 similar or better than that of mitoxantrone. Particularly, 2,6-diamidoanthraquinone with 2-ethylaminoacetamido side chains 33, even though not affecting cell proliferation, showed to be endowed with a strong telomerase effect, probably related to a marked stabilization of the G-quadruplex-binding structure. The results suggested that these compounds caused multiple effects to cancer cells. More significantly, they overcome the long lag period problem of classical telomerase inhibitors that they are also potent cytotoxic agents. These results greatly expand the potential of tricyclic anthraquinone pharmacophore in preventive and/or curative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Shan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Pace TCS, Monahan SL, MacRae AI, Kaila M, Bohne C. Photophysics of aminoxanthone derivatives and their application as binding probes for DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:78-87. [PMID: 16097858 DOI: 10.1562/2005-05-16-ra-529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones with amino substituents were synthesized to diminish the photoreactivity of the xanthone chromophore with DNA, with the objective of using these molecules to study their binding dynamics with DNA. The aminoxanthones showed a strong solvatochromic effect on their singlet and triplet excited-state photophysics, where polar solvents led to a decrease of the energies for the excited states. Quenching of the triplet excited states by nitrite anions was used to determine the binding dynamics, and a residence time in the microsecond time domain was estimated for the bound 2-aminoxanthone with DNA. The quenching experiments performed showed that this methodology will not be applicable to study the binding dynamics of a wide variety of guests with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara C S Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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17
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Hwu JR, Lin CC, Chuang SH, King KY, Su TR, Tsay SC. Aminyl and iminyl radicals from arylhydrazones in the photo-induced DNA cleavage. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2509-15. [PMID: 15110832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolytic cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen single bond in benzaldehyde phenylhydrazones produced aminyl (R2N*) and iminyl (R2C=N*) radicals. This photochemical property was utilized in the development of hydrazones as photo-induced DNA-cleaving agents. Irradiation with 350 nm UV light of arylhydrazones bearing substituents of various types in a phosphate buffer solution containing the supercoiled circular phiX174 RFI DNA at pH 6.0 resulted in single-strand cleavage of DNA. Attachment of the electron-donating OMe group to arylhydrazones increased their DNA-cleaving activity. Results from systematic studies indicate that both the aminyl and the iminyl radicals possessed DNA-cleaving ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
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18
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Kamal A, Ramu R, Khanna GBR, Saxena AK, Shanmugavel M, Pandita RM. Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine–anthraquinone conjugates. Synthesis, DNA binding and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4907-9. [PMID: 15341949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
New pyrrolobenzodiazepine-anthraquinone hybrids have been designed and synthesized, found to effectively bind to DNA and also exhibit cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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19
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Abstract
Fifteen compounds of 10-substituted benzylidene anthrone were prepared with moderate yield by reaction of anthrone and substituted benzaldehydes under the presence of pyridine and piperidine as catalyst. Their antitumor activities in vitro were evaluated. The results show that the electron-withdrawing substitutes decrease the activities, the electron-donor substitutes increase the activities; the compound with substitute at ortho or para position has stronger activities than that of compound with the same substitute but located at the meta position. There are six compounds which appear as strong effective inhibition for A-549 cancer cell growth. This is a kind of good leading compound which is worth researching further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR, China.
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20
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Cebasek P, Wagger J, Bevk D, Jakse R, Svete J, Stanovnik B. Parallel Solution-Phase Synthesis of (Z)-3-(Arylamino)-2,3-dehydroalanine Derivatives and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:356-62. [PMID: 15132595 DOI: 10.1021/cc034066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-Protected (Z)-3-(arylamino)-2,3-dehydroalanine esters 5 and 10 were prepared in one step from methyl (Z)-2-acylamino-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enoates 3 and 9 and anilines 4 employing a parallel solution-phase synthetic approach. In most cases, analytically pure products 5 and 10 were obtained. On the other hand, a three-step parallel solid-phase synthesis of 2-acetylamino-4H-azino[1,2-x]pyrimidin-4-ones 15 via the polymer-bound methyl (Z)-2-acetylamino-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enoate (12) was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cebasek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 5, P.O. Box 537, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Huang HS, Chiou JF, Fong Y, Hou CC, Lu YC, Wang JY, Shih JW, Pan YR, Lin JJ. Activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression by some new symmetrical bis-substituted derivatives of the anthraquinone. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3300-7. [PMID: 12852760 DOI: 10.1021/jm020492l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a part of our program aimed at exploring the biological activity of symmetrical substitution of side chains into the anthracene-9,10-dione chromophore, we have synthesized a series of 1,5-bisthioanthraquinones 2 and 1,5-bisacyloxyanthraquinones 3 that are related to the antitumor agent mitoxantrone. Since the telomerase enzyme is a novel target for potential anticancer therapy and stem cell expansion, we explore the biological effects of these compounds by evaluating their effects on telomerase activity and telomerase expression. Telomerase is required for telomere maintenance and is active in most human cancers and in germinal cells but not in most of the normal human somatic tissues. We found that most of the 1,5-disubstituted anthraquinones did not exhibit inhibitory activity at the concentration ranging from 20 to 30 microM. To facilitate the analysis of the expression of telomerase, we used cancer and normal cell lines that carry secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) gene under the control of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The effects of these compounds on the expression of telomerease were analyzed using the cell-based reporter systems. While most of these compounds did not appear to selectively repress the expression of hTERT in cancer cells, compounds 3a, 3d, and 3i activated hTERT expression in normal cells. The effects of these three compounds on hTERT expression appear to be specific because they did not increase the expression of a CMV promoter-driven SEAP. Thus, in addition to anticancer functions, our finding raises the possibility that these compounds might also have a role in cell immortalization. The application of these anthraquinone derivatives in stem cell research and tissue engineering is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Shan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Section 6, Minchuan E. Road, Neihu, 114, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Janovec L, Suchár G, Imrich J, Kristian P, Sasinková V, Alföldi J, Sedlák E. 9-Isothiocyanatoanthracene as a Versatile Starting Compound in the Chemistry of Anthracen-9-yl Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and reactivity of 9-isothiocyanatoanthracene (5) likewise the conformation of the corresponding thioureas (6a-6i) have been studied. The 13C NMR substituent chemical shift values of the NCS group and correlations between spectral parameters (IR, NMR) and rate constans of reactions of 5, acridin-9-yl (14), phenyl (15) and benzoyl isothiocyanate (16) with butylamine were found. Significant increase of the fluorescence of the synthesized anthracenylthioureas with amino acid rests refers to the possibility to use 5 as potential biomarker.
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23
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Bu X, Deady LW, Finlay GJ, Baguley BC, Denny WA. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 7-oxo-7H-dibenz[f,ij]isoquinoline and 7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidine derivatives. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2004-14. [PMID: 11384245 DOI: 10.1021/jm010041l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-oxo-7H-dibenz[f,ij]isoquinoline and 7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidines bearing cationic side chains were prepared from aminoanthraquinones. The perimidines were prepared from 1-aminoanthraquinone by initial condensation with urea or dimethylacetamide. A series of 2-, 4-, 8-, and 11-carboxy derivatives of the dibenzisoquinolines were prepared from aminoanthraquinonecarboxylic acids. The cationic derivatives were prepared from these via amide, amine, or methylene linkers to study the effects of side chain positioning on biological activity. Within the series of carboxamide-linked compounds, the order of increasing cytotoxicity was 8- < 4- < 2- < 11-. The 2- and 4-carboxamides showed substantial growth delays against in vivo subcutaneous colon 38 tumors in mice, but the 11-carboxamide had curative activity in this refractory model and is being investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bu
- Chemistry Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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24
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Sauer J, Heldmann DK, Hetzenegger J, Krauthan J, Sichert H, Schuster J. 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine: Synthesis and Reactivity in [4+2] Cycloadditions. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199812)1998:12<2885::aid-ejoc2885>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Krezel I. New derivatives of imidazole as potential anticancer agents. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 1998; 53:342-5. [PMID: 9679284 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(98)00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of monocyclic amidinohydrazones 2a-h was prepared from the reaction of N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) hydrazine hydroiodide 1 with various aromatic aldehydes. Some of them were subjected to an esterification with acetic anhydride to give 2a-d. Compounds 2a,c,d,e,f,h and 3c were tested for their anticancer and anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Krezel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Medical University of Lódz, Poland
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26
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Zagotto G, Oliva A, Guano F, Menta E, Capranico G, Palumbo M. Synthesis, DNA-damaging and cytotoxic properties of novel topoisomerase II-directed bisantrene analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:121-6. [PMID: 9871638 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)10207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
New bisantrene analogues were synthesized, bearing one or two 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl hydrazone side chains at positions 1,4 or 9 of the anthracene ring system. A 10-azabioisostere was also prepared. The position of substituents in structurally isomeric drugs modulates topoisomerase II poisoning and specificity, along with cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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27
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Iyengar BS, Dorr RT, Alberts DS, Sólyom AM, Krutzsch M, Remers WA. 1,4-disubstituted anthracene antitumor agents. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3734-8. [PMID: 9371238 DOI: 10.1021/jm970308+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three different types of 1,4-disubstituted anthracenes were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity in a panel of tumor cells was compared with that of the corresponding 9,10-disubstituted anthracenes. The panel contained human myeloma, melanoma, colon, and lung cancer cells and sensitive and multidrug-resistant murine L1210 leukemia cells. These compounds had [[(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]methyl, N-[(dimethylamino)ethyl]carbamoyl, and carboxaldehyde (4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone side chains. The 1,4-diamide was more potent across the tumor panel than the corresponding 9,10-isomer, but the 1,4-diamine and the 1,4-hydrazone were less potent than their 9,10-isomers. Although the 1,4-hydrazone was active against P388 leukemia in mice, it was inactive against L1210 leukemia. Within each pair of compounds, the one with greater average potency against tumor cells gave a greater increase in the transition melt temperature of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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28
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Johnson MG, Kiyokawa H, Tani S, Koyama J, Morris-Natschke SL, Mauger A, Bowers-Daines MM, Lange BC, Lee KH. Antitumor agents--CLXVII. Synthesis and structure-activity correlations of the cytotoxic anthraquinone 1,4-bis-(2,3-epoxypropylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, and of related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:1469-79. [PMID: 9313853 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Bis-(2,3-epoxypropylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione (3) was synthesized in this laboratory and was found to be a potent antitumor agent. Derivatives of this compound containing anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, and quinone skeletons were also prepared and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity in several cell lines. These molecules were designed as bifunctional antitumor agents with the potential to act as (1) intercalating agents due to their planar backbones, and (2) alkylating agents due to the presence of alkylating moieties in their side chains. Compounds with an anthraquinone skeleton and propylamino side chains containing epoxides or halohydrins as the alkylating species showed greater activity than similar compounds with naphthoquinone or quinone skeletons. Compounds without these alkylating functionalities (e.g., with alkene or amino groups) were generally inactive. Hydroxy substitution on the planar skeleton in conjunction with alkylating side chains gave compounds with the most potent cytotoxic activity. The position of the hydroxy groups and side chains could be varied without substantially affecting activity. Activity was retained when an epoxypropyloxy side chain was substituted for the epoxypropylamino side chain in the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Johnson
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy CB#7360, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7360, USA
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29
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Carcelli M, Mazza P, Pelizzi C, Pelizzi G, Zani F. Antimicrobial and genotoxic activity of 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(acylhydrazones) and their complexes with some first transition series metal ions. X-ray crystal structure of a dinuclear copper(II) complex. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 57:43-62. [PMID: 7876834 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(94)00004-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial and antifungal properties of five 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(acylhydrazones) (acyl:benzoyl, H2dapb; 2-aminobenzoyl, H2dapab; salicyloyl, H2daps; picolinoyl, H2dappc; 2-thenoyl, H2dapt) and of a series of metal complexes were investigated. The x-ray crystal structure of the [Cu(dapt)]2 complex was also determined. It consists of dimeric units in which both copper atoms have sixfold coordination. The evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial properties showed some compounds to exhibit good activity against Gram positive bacteria. In most cases, complexes showed a similar or reduced activity as compared to the ligand itself. Only the iron complexes were found to be more active than the chelating agent involved. None of the compounds showed any significant antifungal activity. The genotoxicity of the compounds described was studied in vitro with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella-microsome reversion assay. No DNA-damaging activity was detected in the Bacillus subtilis rec-assay. H2dapb, H2dapb, and H2dappc were active in the Salmonella test. In several cases, the genotoxic properties of the ligands disappeared in the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carcelli
- Istituto di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Università di Parma, Italy
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30
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Hassan SM. A Facile Synthesis of New Unsymmetrical Azines by Cyclodesulfurization Reactions of Dithioesters with Diamines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509408021474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Rideout D. Self-assembling drugs: a new approach to biochemical modulation in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Invest 1994; 12:189-202; discussion 268-9. [PMID: 8131094 DOI: 10.3109/07357909409024874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Rideout
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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32
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Greenhill JV, Lue P. Amidines and guanidines in medicinal chemistry. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993; 30:203-326. [PMID: 7905649 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J V Greenhill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-2046
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33
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Foye WO, Almassian B, Eisenberg MS, Maher TJ. Synthesis and biological activity of guanylhydrazones of 2- and 4-pyridine and 4-quinoline carboxaldehydes. J Pharm Sci 1990; 79:527-30. [PMID: 2395098 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600790615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of guanylhydrazones derived from 2- and 4-pyridine and 4-quinoline carboxyaldehydes was synthesized from S-methylisothio-semicarbazide hydroiodide using known procedures. The compounds are analogous to anticancer and antiviral thiosemicarbazones, but several of the guanylhydrazones derived from 4-quinoline carboxaldehyde showed no activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Guanylhydrazones derived from all three heterocyclic aldehydes revealed significant blood pressure lowering effects in the rat, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Foye
- Samuel M. Best Research Laboratory, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Boston 02115
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34
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Abu el Heiga LA, Katzhendler J, Gean KF, Bachrach U. Antimalarial activity of substituted anthraquinones. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 39:1620-3. [PMID: 2186725 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(90)90531-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Abu el Heiga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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35
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Rideout D, Calogeropoulou T, Jaworski J, McCarthy M. Synergism through direct covalent bonding between agents: a strategy for rational design of chemotherapeutic combinations. Biopolymers 1990; 29:247-62. [PMID: 2328289 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360290129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling chemotherapeutic agents are mixtures of relatively nontoxic precursors that can combine chemically under physiological conditions to form products with greater cytotoxic and/or antimicrobial activity than either of the precursors. Combinations that form products more rapidly in or near the target (tumor, pathogen, virally infected cell) than in normal tissues will exhibit target-selective synergism, thus exhibiting an antitarget selectivity that is greater than the selectivities of the product (e.g., a hydrazone) and of either precursor (e.g., a hydrazine derivative or ketone) used singly. This paper describes the target-selective cytotoxic synergism of a cationic aldehyde (A) and a cationic acylhydrazine (B) containing a triarylalkylphosphonium moiety against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (ELA) in culture, in addition to reviewing previous work on self-assembling cytotoxins. The synergism between A and B is carcinoma selective when the ELA cells (the target) are compared to CV-1, an untransformed African green monkey kidney epithelial line. Like tetraphenylphosphonium and rhodamine 123, which are selectively concentrated in ELA cells relative to CV-1, A, B and the hydrazone C resulting from their reaction are lipophilic delocalized cations that selectively inhibit ELA growth relative to CV-1 growth. The hydrazone C is more growth inhibitory than either A or B for both cell lines. A combination of A with an unreactive analogue of B and a combination of B with an unreactive analogue of A did not synergistically inhibit ELA proliferation. The degree of synergism is greater against the ELA cells than against the CV-1 cells. These data, together with hydrazone formation kinetics, suggest that A and B are both concentrated together selectively inside the ELA due to the transmembrane potentials, reacting inside the ELA cells at a higher velocity than inside the CV-1 cells to form the more growth-inhibitory hydrazone C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rideout
- Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037
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36
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Fields TL, Lin YI, Warren JD, Lang SA. The synthesis of heterocyclic analogs of bisantrene. J Heterocycl Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570250656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Decanal and N-amino-N'-1-octylguanidine (AOG), combined at 28 microM each, mediated erythrocyte lysis within 80 minutes under physiological conditions. By contrast, no lysis was observed after 20 hours with either decanal (56 microM) or AOG (100 microM) alone. The pronounced synergism observed for these chemicals and similar reactive pairs of chemicals is due to the self-assembly of more cytotoxic hydrazones in situ. Decanal and AOG also exhibit synergistic activity against cultured human cells (HeLa) and bacteria (Escherichia coli J96). This synergism may be useful in the design of cytotoxins that would self-assemble selectively from nontoxic precursors within tumors, while sparing normal tissue.
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Sosnovsky G, Rao NU. In the search for new anticancer drugs. XVIII. Various mono- and bis-anthraquinone hydrazones containing the N,N;N',N'-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)phosphoric diamide moiety. Cancer Lett 1986; 32:155-64. [PMID: 2428467 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(86)90114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The structure-anticancer activity and the activity-lipophilicity relationship of 8 mono- and bis-anthraquinone hydrazones containing the N,N;N',N'-bis(1,2-ethanediyl) phosphoric diamide moiety were evaluated. These compounds were tested in vivo, using murine lymphocytic leukemia P388. Seven of these compounds were active and one was marginal at optimum doses. The highest activity was exhibited by the bis[N,N;N',N'-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)-[N2-(1',4',5',8'-tetrahydroxy anthracenylidene)-N1-methyl hydrazin-1-yl]]-phosphoric triamide, bis[N,N;N',N'-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)-[N2-(1',4'-dihydroxy anthracenylidene)-N1-methylhydrazin-1-yl]]phosphoric triamide and bis-[N,N;N',N'-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)-[N2-(1',4',5',8'-tetrahydroxy anthracenylidene)-N1-phenylhydrazin-1-yl]]phosphoric triamide as is evidenced by their percent T/C of 183, 175 and 172, respectively. The correlation of the anticancer activities of these compounds with their lipophilicities leads to the general hypothesis that the intercalating and alkylating capabilities of a potential drug may play only a secondary role as compared to the selective permeability of the drug through normal and cancerous membranes.
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39
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Nicolau G, Wu WH, McWilliams W, Citarella RV, Durr FE. Tissue deposition of bisantrene in B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Invest 1986; 4:25-8. [PMID: 3955418 DOI: 10.3109/07357908609039824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Single doses of 14C-labeled bisantrene, a new antitumor agent, were administered intravenously at 10 and 100 mg/kg to mice bearing intraperitoneally implanted B16 melanoma. At 24 hr after dosing, the tumors contained relatively high drug concentrations as compared to most of the other tissues. The concentrations averaged 2.4 and 28.3 micrograms/g tumor and the tumor/blood concentration ratios were 40/1 and 29/1 for the low and high doses, respectively.
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40
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Balaji VN, Dixon JS, Smith DH, Venkataraghavan R, Murdock KC. Design of anticancer drugs using modeling techniques. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 439:140-61. [PMID: 3859238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb25794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexibility of intercalation site geometries within a B-DNA helix was investigated in the twist-shift plane using energy minimization methods. The parameters optimized included sugar conformation, the glycosidic angles and phosphodiester torsion angles. Our calculations show several regions of energetically favorable intercalation geometries in the twist-shift plane. Modeling studies using interactive computer graphics and electrostatic potential surface compatibility provided initial hypotheses for the structures of the drug-DNA complexes. These hypotheses were supported and extended by energy minimizations of these complexes. Binding positions, conformational features and relative minimum binding energies of two anticancer drugs, mitoxantrone and bisantrene, were computed for intercalation complexes with DNA in the theoretically defined intercalation sites. Mitoxantrone intercalates DNA from the minor groove and the side chain OH or NH groups are involved in hydrogen bonds with the main chain phosphate groups of DNA, thereby cross-linking the complementary strands. The hydroxyl groups of mitoxantrone can also participate in hydrogen bonding with phosphate oxygens of another chain, thereby cross-linking DNA helices. Bisantrene intercalates DNA favorably from the major groove and the NH group of the dihydroimidazole ring can participate in hydrogen bonding with the phosphate oxygens of the backbone. These models are consistent with the physicochemical and electron microscopic studies of the interaction of mitoxantrone and bisantrene with DNA. Our results are now being used to guide the design of novel anticancer drugs that should interact with DNA in a manner similar to that proposed for our representative drugs.
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41
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Brown JR, Imam SH. Recent studies on doxorubicin and its analogues. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1985; 21:169-236. [PMID: 6400135 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Lin AJ, Klayman DL. A facile synthesis of unsymmetrical heterocyclic azines by cyclodesulfurization: Reaction of methyl arylalkylidenehydrazinecarbodithioates with diamines. J Heterocycl Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570220101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Foye WO, An SH, Maher TJ. Synthesis of N,N'-disubstituted N''-2-(2-quinolinylmethylthio)ethylguanidines as potential anticancer agents. J Pharm Sci 1984; 73:1168-70. [PMID: 6491929 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600730838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for obtaining the title compounds was found in the alkaline rearrangement of S-2-aminoethylisothiouronium salts, which were obtained from the condensation of thiourea or substituted thioureas with 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide. No activity was found for the substituted guanidines against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, or as H2-receptor antagonists.
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