1
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Liao S, Wu G, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. pH regulators and their inhibitors in tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116170. [PMID: 38308950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As an important characteristic of tumor, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to immune escape, invasion, migration and drug resistance of tumor. The acidity of the TME mainly comes from the acidic products produced by the high level of tumor metabolism, such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide. pH regulators such as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (NHE1) expel protons directly or indirectly from the tumor to maintain the pH balance of tumor cells and create an acidic TME. We review the functions of several pH regulators involved in the construction of acidic TME, the structure and structure-activity relationship of pH regulator inhibitors, and provide strategies for the development of small-molecule antitumor inhibitors based on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyi Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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2
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Yang JS, Lu K, Li CX, Zhao ZH, Zhang FM, Zhang XM, Tu YQ. NiH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkylation for the Synthesis of β- or γ-Branched Chiral Aromatic N-Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22122-22134. [PMID: 37749771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A nickel hydride-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction was developed to give access to a library of chiral β- or γ-branched aromatic N-heterocycles. This intriguing asymmetric transformation features excellent selectivities, step- and atom-economies, and generating two kinds of chiral products through one synthetic strategy. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism was extensively investigated using numerous control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zu-Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Minhang, China
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3
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Guilhon-Simplicio F, Serrão CKR, Pinto ACDS, Pacheco PAF, Faria RX, da Rocha DR, Ferreira VF, Pereira-Junior RC, Matheeussen A, Baán A, Kiekens F, de Meneses Pereira M, Lima ES, Winter HD, Cos P. Semisynthetic triterpenes led to the generation of selective antitrypanosomal lead compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:868-883. [PMID: 35313075 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenes α,β-amyrin are naturally occurring molecules that can serve as building blocks for synthesizing new chemical entities. This study synthesized acyl, carboxyesther, NSAID, and nitrogenous derivatives and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. A cyclodextrin complexation method was developed to improve the solubility of the derivatives. Of the 17 derivatives tested, five exhibited activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei, Leishmania infantum, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The 9a/9b mixture showed weak activity against the parasites (IC50 24.45-40.32 μM). However, it showed no activity for the other microorganisms. Derivatives 14a/14b exhibited potent activity against T. cruzi (IC50 2.0 nM) in this tested concentration did not show activity to the other microorganisms and were not cytotoxic. Derivatives 15a/15b and 16a/16b demonstrated relevant activity against the parasites (IC50 2.24-5.44 μM), but were also cytotoxic. Derivatives 17a/17b showed low activity against the tested parasites (IC50 21.70-22.79 μM), but they were selective since they did not show activity against other microorganisms. In docking studies, in general, all derivatives showed complementarity with the CYP51 binding site of the trypanosomatid mainly by hydrophobic interactions; thus, it is not conclusive that the molecules act by inhibiting this enzyme. Our results showed that triterpenes derivatives with antitrypanosomal activity could be synthesized by an inexpensive and rapid method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrienn Baán
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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4
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Vassilyeva OY, Buvaylo EA, Kokozay VN, Studzinsky SL, Skelton BW, Vasyliev GS. NiII molecular complex with a tetradentate aminoguanidine-derived Schiff base ligand: structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies and photoelectric response. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:173-178. [PMID: 35145746 PMCID: PMC8819441 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NiII ions templated the condensation of aminoguanidine with two different aldehyde molecules with the formation of a new molecular nickel(II) complex with a tetradentate chelating ligand. The new molecular nickel(II) complex, namely, {4-bromo-2-[({N′-[(2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]carbamimidoyl}imino)methyl]phenolato}nickel(II) N,N-dimethylformamide solvate monohydrate, [Ni(C15H11BrN4O2)]·C3H7NO·H2O, (I), crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The guanidine ligand is a product of Schiff base condensation between aminoguanidine, salicylaldehyde and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde templated by Ni2+ ions. The chelating ligand molecule is deprotonated at the phenol O atoms and coordinates the metal centre through the two azomethine N and two phenolate O atoms in a cis-NiN2O2 square-planar configuration [average(Ni—N/O) = 1.8489 Å, cis angles in the range 83.08 (5)–95.35 (5)°, trans angles of 177.80 (5) and 178.29 (5)°]. The complex molecule adopts an almost planar conformation. In the crystal, a complicated hydrogen-bonded network is formed through N—H⋯N/O and O—H⋯O intermolecular interactions. Complex (I) was also characterized by FT–IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It undergoes an NiII ↔ NiIII redox reaction at E1/2 = +0.295 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in methanol solution. In a thin film with a free surface, complex (I) shows a fast photoelectric response upon exposure to visible light with a maximum photovoltage of ∼178 mV.
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5
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El‐Shahat M. Advances in the reduction of quinolines to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El‐Shahat
- Photochemistry Department Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618 Giza Egypt
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6
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Dajek M, Pruszczyńska A, Konieczny KA, Kowalczyk R. Cinchona Squaramide‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Desymmetrization of 1,3‐Diketones Leading to Chiral 1,4‐Dihydropyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dajek
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and Technology
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7
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El-Marrouki D, Touchet S, Abdelli A, M’Rabet H, Lotfi Efrit M, Gros PC. Tuneable access to indole, indolone, and cinnoline derivatives from a common 1,4-diketone Michael acceptor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1722-1731. [PMID: 32733616 PMCID: PMC7372239 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convergent strategy is reported for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles from common substrates: 1,4-diketones and primary amines. Indeed, by just varying the substrates, the substituents, or the heating mode, it is possible to selectively synthesize indole, indolone (1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one), or cinnoline (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocinnoline) derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel El-Marrouki
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-5400 Nancy, France
- Université de Tunis El Manar, SOHES-LR17ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Hédi M’Rabet
- Université de Tunis El Manar, SOHES-LR17ES01, Tunis, Tunisia
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8
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Li H, Kuninobu Y. Palladium‐Catalyzed Secondary C(
sp
3
)−H Arylation of 2‐Alkylpyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Liang Li
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin University 92Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and EngineeringKyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering SciencesKyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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9
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Buvaylo EA, Kokozay VN, Strutynska NY, Vassilyeva OY, Skelton BW. Formaldehyde-aminoguanidine condensation and aminoguanidine self-condensation products: syntheses, crystal structures and characterization. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:152-158. [PMID: 29400329 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617018514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Guanidine is the functional group on the side chain of arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life. In recent years, a number of compounds based on the aminoguanidine (AG) moiety have been described as presenting high anticancer activities. The product of condensation between two molecules of AG and one molecule of formaldehyde was isolated in the protonated form as the dinitrate salt (systematic name: 2,8-diamino-1,3,4,6,7,9-hexaazanona-1,8-diene-1,9-diium dinitrate), C3H14N82+·2NO3-, (I). The cation lacks crystallographically imposed symmetry and comprises two terminal planar guanidinium groups, which share an N-C-N unit. Each cation in (I) builds 14 N-H...O hydrogen bonds and is separated from adjacent cations by seven nitrate anions. The AG self-condensation reaction in the presence of copper(II) chloride and chloride anions led to the formation of the organic-inorganic hybrid 1,2-bis(diaminomethylidene)hydrazine-1,2-diium tetrachloridocuprate(II), (C2H10N6)[CuCl4], (II). Its asymmetric unit is composed of half a diprotonated 1,2-bis(diaminomethylidene)hydrazine-1,2-diium dication and half a tetrachloridocuprate(II) dianion, with the CuII atom situated on a twofold rotation axis. The planar guanidinium fragments in (II) have their planes twisted by approximately 77.64 (5)° with respect to each other. The tetrahedral [CuCl4]2- anion is severely distorted and its pronounced `planarity' must originate from its involvement in multiple N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds. It was reported that [CuCl4]2- anions, with a trans-Cl-Cu-Cl angle (Θ) of ∼140°, are yellow-green at room temperature, with the colour shifting to a deeper green as Θ increases and toward orange as Θ decreases. Brown salt (II), with a Θ value of 142.059 (8)°, does not fit the trend, which emphasizes the need to take other structural factors into consideration. In the crystal of salt (II), layers of cations and anions alternate along the b axis, with the minimum Cu...Cu distance being 7.5408 (3) Å inside a layer. The structures of salts (I) and (II) were substantiated via spectroscopic data. The endothermic reaction involved in the thermal decomposition of (I) requires additional oxygen. The title salts may be useful for the screening of new substances with biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Buvaylo
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir N Kokozay
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Yu Strutynska
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Olga Yu Vassilyeva
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Brian W Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences, M310, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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10
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Abstract
An overview of the highlights in total synthesis of natural products using iridium as a catalyst is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
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11
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Buvaylo EA, Kokozay VN, Vassilyeva OY, Skelton BW, Nesterova OV, Pombeiro AJ. Copper(II) complex of the 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde aminoguanidine Schiff base: Crystal structure and catalytic behaviour in mild oxidation of alkanes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with 2-Methylpyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Liu XJ, You SL. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with 2-Methylpyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4002-4005. [PMID: 28266102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a set of highly unstabilized nucleophiles generated in situ from 2-methylpyridines is described. Enantioenriched 2-substituted pyridines, which are frequently encountered in natural products and pharmaceuticals, could be easily constructed by this simple method in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of the pyridine products is demonstrated through the synthesis of a key intermediate of a reported Na+ /H+ exchanger inhibitor and the total synthesis of (-)-lycopladine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
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14
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Granja S, Tavares-Valente D, Queirós O, Baltazar F. Value of pH regulators in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:17-34. [PMID: 28065864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism, associated with acidification of the extracellular milieu, is one of the major features of cancer. As pH regulation is crucial for the maintenance of all biological functions, cancer cells rely on the activity of lactate exporters and proton transporters to regulate their intracellular pH. The major players in cancer pH regulation are proton pump ATPases, sodium-proton exchangers (NHEs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and anion exchangers (AEs), which have been shown to be upregulated in several human malignancies. Thanks to the activity of the proton pumps and transporters, tumours acidify their microenvironment, becoming more aggressive and resistant to therapy. Thus, targeting tumour pH may contribute to more effective anticancer strategies for controlling tumour progression and therapeutic resistance. In the present study, we review the role of the main pH regulators expressed in human cancer cells, including their diagnostic and prognostic value, as well as their usefulness as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Odília Queirós
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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15
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Chourasiya SS, Kathuria D, Nikam SS, Ramakrishnan A, Khullar S, Mandal SK, Chakraborti AK, Bharatam PV. Azine-Hydrazone Tautomerism of Guanylhydrazones: Evidence for the Preference Toward the Azine Tautomer. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7574-7583. [PMID: 27494613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Guanylhydrazones have been known for a long time and have wide applications in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and material science; however, little attention has been paid toward their electronic and structural properties. Quantum chemical analysis on several therapeutically important guanylhydrazones indicated that all of them prefer the azine tautomeric state (by about 3-12 kcal/mol). A set of simple and conjugated azines were designed using quantum chemical methods, whose tautomeric preference toward the azine tautomer is in the range of 3-8 kcal/mol. Twenty new azines were synthesized and isolated in their neutral state. Variable temperature NMR study suggests existence of the azine tautomer even at higher temperatures with no traces of the hydrazone tautomer. The crystal structures of two representative compounds confirmed that the title compounds prefer to exist in their azine tautomeric form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S Chourasiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Sampada S Nikam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Sadhika Khullar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Mohali Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar 140 306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Mohali Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar 140 306, Punjab, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
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16
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Mirzaei H, Emami S. Recent advances of cytotoxic chalconoids targeting tubulin polymerization: Synthesis and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:610-639. [PMID: 27318983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since microtubules have an important role in mitosis and other vital cellular functions, tubulin-targeting chemotherapy has been received growing attention in anticancer drug design and development. It was found that a number of naturally occurring compounds including distinct chalcones exert their effect by inhibition of tubulin polymerization. After the identification of tubulin polymerization as potential target for chalcone-type compounds, extensive researches have been made to design and synthesis of new anti-tubulin chalconoids. Although diverse chalcones have found to be potent anticancer agents but in the present review, we focused on the recently reported tubulin polymerization inhibitors from chalcone origin and related synthetic compounds, and their detailed synthetic methods and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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17
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Reshkin SJ, Greco MR, Cardone RA. Role of pHi, and proton transporters in oncogene-driven neoplastic transformation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130100. [PMID: 24493748 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The change of a normal, healthy cell to a transformed cell is the first step in the evolutionary arc of a cancer. While the role of oncogenes in this 'passage' is well known, the role of ion transporters in this critical step is less known and is fundamental to our understanding the early physiological processes of carcinogenesis. Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics leading to a reversal of the normal tissue intracellular to extracellular pH gradient (ΔpHi to ΔpHe). When this perturbation in pH dynamics occurs during carcinogenesis is less clear. Very early studies using the introduction of different oncogene proteins into cells observed a concordance between neoplastic transformation and a cytoplasmic alkalinization occurring concomitantly with a shift towards glycolysis in the presence of oxygen, i.e. 'Warburg metabolism'. These processes may instigate a vicious cycle that drives later progression towards fully developed cancer where the reversed pH gradient becomes ever more pronounced. This review presents our understanding of the role of pH and the NHE1 in driving transformation, in determining the first appearance of the cancer 'hallmark' characteristics and how the use of pharmacological approaches targeting pH/NHE1 may open up new avenues for efficient treatments even during the first steps of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, , Bari 70126, Italy
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Harguindey S, Arranz JL, Polo Orozco JD, Rauch C, Fais S, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ. Cariporide and other new and powerful NHE1 inhibitors as potentially selective anticancer drugs--an integral molecular/biochemical/metabolic/clinical approach after one hundred years of cancer research. J Transl Med 2013; 11:282. [PMID: 24195657 PMCID: PMC3826530 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years an increasing number of publications have emphasized the growing importance of hydrogen ion dynamics in modern cancer research, from etiopathogenesis and treatment. A proton [H+]-related mechanism underlying the initiation and progression of the neoplastic process has been recently described by different research groups as a new paradigm in which all cancer cells and tissues, regardless of their origin and genetic background, have a pivotal energetic and homeostatic disturbance of their metabolism that is completely different from all normal tissues: an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics leading to a reversal of the pH gradient in cancer cells and tissues (↑pHi/↓pHe, or “proton reversal”). Tumor cells survive their hostile microenvironment due to membrane-bound proton pumps and transporters, and their main defensive strategy is to never allow internal acidification because that could lead to their death through apoptosis. In this context, one of the primary and best studied regulators of both pHi and pHe in tumors is the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1). An elevated NHE1 activity can be correlated with both an increase in cell pH and a decrease in the extracellular pH of tumors, and such proton reversal is associated with the origin, local growth, activation and further progression of the metastatic process. Consequently, NHE1 pharmaceutical inhibition by new and potent NHE1 inhibitors represents a potential and highly selective target in anticancer therapy. Cariporide, being one of the better studied specific and powerful NHE1 inhibitors, has proven to be well tolerated by humans in the cardiological context, however some side-effects, mainly related to drug accumulation and cerebrovascular complications were reported. Thus, cariporide could become a new, slightly toxic and effective anticancer agent in different human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Instituto de Biología Clínica y Metabolismo (IBCM), Postas 13-01004, Vitoria, Spain.
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Patpi SR, Sridhar B, Tadikamalla PR, Kantevari S. Pd-catalyzed site selective C–H acetoxylation of aryl/heteroaryl/thiophenyl tethered dihydroquinolinones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Bhatt HG, Patel PK. Pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and 3D-QSAR studies of 5-tetrahydroquinolinylidine aminoguanidine derivatives as sodium hydrogen exchanger inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3758-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sridharan V, Suryavanshi PA, Menéndez JC. Advances in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7157-259. [PMID: 21830756 DOI: 10.1021/cr100307m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Qian Y, Zhang HJ, Lv PC, Zhu HL. Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of guanidine derivatives as novel antitubulin agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ren M, Dong J, Xu Y, Wen N, Gong G. Synthesis of Novel Ligustrazine Derivatives as Na+/H+Exchange Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2727-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-Heteroaryl-2-amino-5-methylimidazole Analogs as NHE-1 Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.11.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Klapötke TM, Mayer P, Stierstorfer J. Crystal Structures of Mono-, Di-, and Triaminoguanidinium Sulfate, as Well as Azidoformamidinium Sulfate: Important Precursors for Syntheses of Nitrogen Rich Ionic Compounds. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500802479877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Klapötke
- a Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Energetic Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- a Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Energetic Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- a Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Energetic Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Munich, Germany
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Directed synthesis of semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, and guanylhydrazones of 1-vinylpyrrole-2-carbaldehydes. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-008-0162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Lee S, Yi KY, Hwang SK, Lee BH, Yoo SE, Lee K. (5-Arylfuran-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidines as Cardioprotectives through the Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform-1. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2882-91. [PMID: 15828827 DOI: 10.1021/jm0492305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of (5-arylfuran-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidines was synthesized and evaluated for the NHE-1 inhibitory activity and cardiprotective efficacy against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Starting with (5-phenylfuran-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidine 47 with a moderate inhibitory effect on NHE-1, the compounds with various substituents at the phenyl ring were investigated with the aim to optimize the potency. In this study, the 2,5-disubstituted compounds appeared to have better activities than the other analogues, and the 2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl compound 85 was found as a potent inhibitor of NHE-1 (IC(50) = 0.081 microM). Furthermore, 85 showed a marked reduction of infarct size in the rat myocardial infarction model in vivo and significant improvement of cardiac contractile function in the isolated rat heart ischemia model in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Lee
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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Tanyeli C, Akhmedov İM, Yazıcıoğlu EY. One-pot synthesis of N-substituted 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pal M, Subramanian V, Parasuraman K, Yeleswarapu KR. Palladium catalyzed reaction in aqueous DMF: synthesis of 3-alkynyl substituted flavones in the presence of prolinol. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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