3-Aryl-2-quinolone derivatives: synthesis and characterization of in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects with emphasis on a new therapeutical target connected with cell migration

A quinoline-2-thione derivative as a novel chemotherapy drug candidate displays anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most prevalent cancer in women. Chemotherapy is a major treatment option for patients with advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Quinoline-2-thione and its derivatives are potential candidates for tumor therapy. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the quinoline-2-thione derivative KA3D against ovarian cancer. The effect of KA3D on the viability of ovarian cancer cells was evaluated using MTT assay, and its effects on apoptosis and the cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to identify apoptosis-and cell cycle-related proteins altered by KA3D treatment. A xenograft model was used to verify the inhibitory effect of KA3D in vivo. H&E staining, biochemical indicator detection, and blood cell counts were used to observe the toxicity and side effects of KA3D. KA3D treatment impeded cell viability, induced apoptosis, and impeded the G2 phase of the cell cycle in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found that KA3D enhanced the expression of proapoptotic molecules such as BAX and Caspase 3, while antiapoptotic proteins such as BCL2 were inhibited. The G0/G1 phase-related protein cyclin D1 was reduced and the G2 phase-related protein cyclin B1 was upregulated. In vivo, KA3D displayed potent anticancer activity, with no apparent toxicity in BABLC/c nude mice bearing SKOV3 cells. KA3D demonstrated remarkable chemotherapeutic drug efficacy in terms of significant cancer suppression in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity.

Iron-catalyzed synthesis of substituted 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones via an intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling of amido-alcohols

Here we report an iron-complex-catalyzed synthesis of various mono- and di-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones achieved via the intramolecular acceptorless dehydrogenative cyclization of amido-alcohols. This approach for the synthesis of N-heterocycles has provided access to underdescribed disubstituted quinolinones and represents an alternative to the well-known palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Silver Supported Nanoparticles on [Mg4 Al-LDH] as an Efficient Catalyst for the α-Alkylation of Nitriles, Oxindoles and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Alcohols

An efficient heterogeneous silver-catalyzed α-alkylation of nitriles and oxindoles using alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy has been developed for the first time. The active nanostructured material, namely [Ag/Mg4 Al-LDH], composed by silver nanoparticles (3-4 nm average particle size) homogeneously stabilized onto a [Mg4 Al-LDH] support with suitable Brønsted basic properties, constitutes a stable catalyst for the sustainable building of novel C-C bonds from alcohols and C-nucleophiles. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of α-functionalized nitriles and oxindoles has been accessed with good to excellent isolated yields and without the addition of external bases. Moreover, the novel silver nanocatalyst has also demonstrated its successful application to the cyclization of N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-2-phenylacetamides to afford 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones, through a one-pot dehydrogenation and intramolecular α-alkylation. Control experiments, kinetic studies, and characterization data of a variety of [Ag/LDH]-type materials confirmed the silver role in the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation steps, while [Mg4 Al-LDH] matrix is able to catalyze condensation. Interestingly, these studies suggest as key point for the successful activity of [Ag/Mg4 Al-LDH], in comparison with other [Ag/LDH]-type nanocatalysts, the suitable acid-base properties of this material.

Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel 7-Aza-Coumarine-3-Carboxamides

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel 7-aza-coumarine-3-carboxamides via scaffold-hopping strategy and evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity. Additionally, the improved non-catalytic synthesis of 7-azacoumarin-3-carboxylic acid is reported, which features water as the reaction medium and provides a convenient alternative to the known methods. The anticancer activity of the most potent 7-aza-coumarine-3-carboxamides against the HuTu 80 cell line is equal to that of reference Doxorubicin, while the selectivity towards the normal cell line is 9-14 fold higher.

Copper-Catalyzed Cyclization of 2-Alkynylanilines to Give 2-Haloalkoxy-3-alkyl(aryl)quinolines

Herein we describe a method to produce 2-haloalkoxy-3-substituted quinolines via the cyclization of 2-alkynylanilines with TMSCF₃ and THF. This synthetic method uses inexpensive and easy-to-handle TMSCF₃ and employs a commercially available CuI catalyst to transform a broad range of 2-alkynylanilines into versatile 2-difluoromethoxy-3-substituted quinolines and 2-iodoalkoxy-3-substituted quinolines with excellent chemoselectivity.

Synthesis of Quinoline-2-thiones by Selective Deoxygenative C-H/C-S Functionalization of Quinoline N-Oxides with Thiourea

Quinoline-2-thiones valuable for synthetic and medicinal chemistry applications were obtained with excellent regioselectivity employing a deoxygenative C-H functionalization of readily available quinoline-N-oxides with thiourea upon activation with triflic anhydride. Unlike the current methods, this approach provides general access to diverse quinoline-2-thiones functionalized with groups of different electronic natures. Experimental simplicity and good to high yields are advantages of this protocol. Given the high reactivity of quinoline-2-thiones, this method provides an entry point for the synthesis of diverse organosulfur quinoline scaffolds.

Screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as antiviral agents against influenza A

Quinolin-2-one represents an important and valuable chemical motif that possesses a wide variety of biological activities; however, the anti-influenza activities of quinolin-2-one-containing compounds were rarely reported. Herein, we describe the screening and identification of 3-aryl-quinolin-2-one derivatives as a novel class of antiviral agents. The 3-aryl-quinolinone derivatives were synthesized via an efficient copper-catalyzed reaction cascade that we previously developed. Using this synthetic method, preliminary structure-activity relationships of this scaffold against the influenza A virus infection were systematically explored. The most potent compound 34 displayed IC₅₀ values of 2.14 and 4.88 μM against the replication of H3N2 (A/HK/8/68) and H1N1 (A/WSN/33) strains, respectively, without apparent cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. We further demonstrated that 27 and 34 potently inhibited the plaque formation of the IAV, rendering this scaffold attractive for pursuing novel anti-influenza agents.

Preliminary Studies of Antimicrobial Activity of New Synthesized Hybrids of 2-Thiohydantoin and 2-Quinolone Derivatives Activated with Blue Light

Thiohydantoin and quinolone derivatives have attracted researchers' attention because of a broad spectrum of their medical applications. The aim of our research was to synthesize and analyze the antimicrobial properties of novel 2-thiohydantoin and 2-quinolone derivatives. For this purpose, two series of hybrid compounds were synthesized. Both series consisted of 2-thiohydantoin core and 2-quinolone derivative ring, however one of them was enriched with an acetic acid group at N3 atom in 2-thiohydantoin core. Antibacterial properties of these compounds were examined against bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antimicrobial assay was carried out using a serial dilution method to obtain the MIC. The influence of blue light irradiation on the tested compounds was investigated. The relative yield of singlet oxygen (1O2*, 1Δg) generation upon excitation with 420 nm was determined by a comparative method, employing perinaphthenone (PN) as a standard. Antimicrobial properties were also investigated after blue light irradiation of the suspensions of the hybrids and bacteria placed in microtitrate plates. Preliminary results confirmed that some of the hybrid compounds showed bacteriostatic activity to the reference Gram-positive bacterial strains and a few of them were bacteriostatic towards Gram-negative bacteria, as well. Blue light activation enhanced bacteriostatic effect of the tested compounds.

Palladium-catalyzed desulfonylative aminocarbonylation of benzylsulfonyl chlorides with o-aminobenzaldehydes/o-aminoacetophenones for the synthesis of quinoin-2(1H)-ones

A straightforward and efficient synthesis of quinoin-2(1H)-ones has been explored via a palladium-catalyzed desulfonylative aminocarbonylation of benzylsulfonyl chlorides with o-aminobenzaldehydes/o-aminoacetophenones.

Photoredox Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides for Synthesis of Dihydroquinolinones

Metal- and additive-free photoredox cyclization of N-arylacrylamides is herein reported that provides a concise access to the formation of dihydroquinolinones. In this protocol, sustainable visible light was used as the energy source, and the organic light-emitting molecule 4CzIPN served as the efficient photocatalyst. This reaction system features exclusive 6-endo-trig cyclization selectivity with a generally good yield of a range of functionalized dihydroquinolinones and dihydrobenzoquinolinones. Mechanistical studies reveal the feasibility of both 1,3-H shift and intersystem crossing of the diradical intermediate.

Lossen rearrangement by Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of aryl hydroxamates with alkynes: access to quinolone-containing amino acid derivatives

A convenient and robust method for the preparation of new CF₃-containing 2-quinolones has been developed via a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/Lossen rearrangement/annulation cascade of N-pivaloyloxy-arylamides with internal alkynes bearing an α-CF₃-α-amino acid moiety on the triple bond. This work expands the scope of valuable products that are available through C-H activation/annulation reactions of arylamides in organic synthesis.

Diversity-Oriented Synthesis: Amino Acetophenones as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Natural Product Analogs

Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) represents a strategy to obtain molecule libraries with diverse structural features starting from one common compound in limited steps of synthesis. During the last two decades, DOS has become an unmissable strategy in organic synthesis and is fully integrated in various drug discovery processes. On the other hand, natural products with multiple relevant pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated as scaffolds for ligand-based drug design. In this article, we report the amino dimethoxyacetophenones that can be easily synthesized and scaled up from the commercially available 3,5-dimethoxyaniline as valuable starting blocks for the DOS of natural product analogs. More focus is placed on the synthesis of analogs of flavones, coumarins, azocanes, chalcones, and aurones, which are frequently studied as lead compounds in drug discovery.

Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Aminocarbonylation of Benzylammonium Triflates with o-Nitrobenzaldehydes for the Synthesis of 3-Arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones

A palladium-catalyzed straightforward procedure for the synthesis of 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones has been developed. The synthesis proceeds through a palladium-catalyzed reductive aminocarbonylation reaction of benzylic ammonium triflates with o-nitrobenzaldehydes, and a wide range of 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones was obtained in moderate to good yields with very good functional group compatibility.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of benzyl chlorides with anthranils for the synthesis of 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones

An efficient carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of 3-arylquinoin-2(1H)-ones has been established. Through a palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of benzyl chlorides with anthranils, a variety of 3-arylquinoin-2(1H)-one products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance.

Chemistry of 3-hydroxy-2-aryl acrylate: syntheses, mechanisms, and applications

3-Hydroxy-2-aryl acrylate is important scaffold which is widely used for the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds. This review summarises the synthetic methods of the 3-hydroxy-2-aryl acrylate including mechanisms and applications.

One-pot copper-catalyzed three-component reaction: a modular approach to functionalized 2-quinolones

A copper-catalyzed three-component annulation for the synthesis of functionalized 2-quinolones was developed. Three reactions including an S_N2, a Knoevenagel, and finally C–N bond formation are involved in the designed cascade reaction using 2-bromoacylarenes, 2-iodoacetamide, and nucleophiles as the three components. A new catalytic system was discovered during the study and this modular approach is highly efficient to access functionalized 2-quinolone derivatives, compatible with a broad range of functional groups, scalable, and step-economic. Further derivatization of the obtained product demonstrates the synthetic utility of this method.

A copper-catalyzed three-component annulation for the synthesis of functionalized 2-quinolones was developed.

Recent Progress in Nitro-Promoted Direct Functionalization of Pyridones and Quinolones

Nitro group is one of the most important functional groups in organic syntheses because its strongly electron-withdrawing ability activates the scaffold, facilitating the reaction with nucleophilic reagents or the Diels-Alder reaction. In this review, recent progress in the nitro-promoted direct functionalization of pyridones and quinolones is highlighted to complement previous reviews.

Coumarin and 3,4-dihydroquinolinone derivatives: Synthesis, antidepressant activity, and molecular docking studies

BACKGROUND

Coumarin and 3,4-dihydroquinolinone nuclei are two heterocyclic rings that are important and widely exploited for the development of bioactive molecules. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of 3,4-dihydroquinolinone and coumarin derivatives (Compounds 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 18-20, 23, 24 and 28 are new compounds) and studied their antidepressant activities.

METHODS

Forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the target compounds. The most active compound was used to evaluate the exploratory activity of the animals by the open-field test. 5-HT concentration was estimated to evaluate if the compound has an effect on the mouse brain, by using ELISA. A 5-HT1A binding assay was also performed. The biological activities of the compounds were verified by molecular docking studies. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were predicted by Discovery Studio and ChemBioDraw Ultra.

RESULTS

Of all the compounds tested, compound 7 showed the best antidepressant activity, which decreased the immobility time by 65.52 s in FST. However, in the open-field test, compound 7 did not affect spontaneous activity. The results of 5-HT concentration estimation in vivo showed that compound 7 may have an effect on the mouse brain. Molecular docking results indicated that compound 7 showed significant interactions with residues at the 5-HT1A receptor using homology modeling. The results show that compound 7 exhibits good affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor.

CONCLUSION

Coumarin and 3,4-dihydroquinolinone derivatives synthesized in this study have a significant antidepressant activity. These findings can be useful in the design and synthesis of novel antidepressants.

Design, Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Evaluation and Cell Cycle Analysis of Hybrid 2-Quinolones

Background:

Quinolones are a significant group of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that exist in therapeutic agents, alkaloids, and synthetic small molecules that have important biological activities. A wide range of quinolones have been used as antituberculosis, antibacterial, anti-malarial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anticancer agents and urease inhibitors.

Methods:

Ethyl 3,3-disubstituted-2-cyano propionates containing hybride quinolones derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 1-amino-7-hydroxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one and its dibromo derivative with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl in ethanol.

Results:

A novel series of hybrid 2-quinolone derivatives was designed and synthesized. The compounds structures were confirmed using different spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activities of all the compounds were assessed against HepG2 cell line in comparison with doxorubicin as a standard drug.

Conclusion:

Most compounds revealed superior anti-proliferative activity than the standard. Compound 4b, is the most active compound (IC50 = 0.39mM) compared with doxorubicin (IC50 = 9.23mM). DNA flow cytometric analysis of compound 4b showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase with a concomitant increase of cells in apoptotic phase. Dual annexin-V/ propidium iodide staining assay of compound 4b revealed that the selected candidate increased the apoptosis of HepG-2 cells more than control.

Step-economical synthesis of 3-amido-2-quinolones by dendritic copper powder-mediated one-pot reaction

The one-pot protocol by the dendritic copper powder-mediated Knoevenagel condensation/annelation is delineated here for the synthesis of 3-amido-2-quinolones. It is practical with moisture tolerance and easy setup, and is compatible with many functional groups under mild conditions. This method was applied for the preparation of the key intermediates of biologically relevant 3-amido-2-quinolones.

Synthesis of 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones via the cyclization of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes

A facile synthesis of various functionalized 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones through Ag(i) nitrate-catalyzed cyclization of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes is described. The reaction allows rapid and convenient access to 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-one scaffolds in moderate to good yields.

Base-catalyzed thio-lactamization of 2-(1-arylvinyl)anilines with CS2 for the synthesis of quinoline-2-thiones

Quinoline-2-thiones were prepared through a base-catalyzed thio-lactamization of 2-(1-arylvinyl)anilines with CS₂.

Base-controlled chemoselectivity reaction of vinylanilines with isothiocyanates for synthesis of quinolino-2-thione and 2-aminoquinoline derivatives

Quinolino-2-thione and 2-aminoquinoline derivatives were obtained by a base-controlled chemo-selective reaction of vinylanilines with alkyl/aryl isothiocyanates.

Pd-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Synthesis of Arylated Heteroaromatics by Coupling of N-Heteroaromatic Bromides with Iodobenzene Diacetate, Iodosobenzene, or Diphenyliodonium Salts

An efficient method for synthesizing arylated heteroaromatics has been reported via Pd-catalyzed ligand-free cross-coupling of N-heteroaromatic bromides with iodine(III) reagents under mild conditions. Iodobenzene diacetate, iodosobenzene, and diphenyliodonium salts act as ideal arylated sources in this reaction, producing bioactive aromatic-substituted pyridines and quinolines in moderate to high yields.