1
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Ohta M, Okuda A, Hosoya S, Yoshigoe Y, Saito S. Synthesis of Interlocked and Non-Interlocked Deca(para-phenylene) Derivatives by Ni-mediated Biaryl Coupling. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304309. [PMID: 38199956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(para-phenylene) (PPn) is a compound composed of directly connected 1,4-phenylene moieties. The synthesis of PPn composed of six or more phenylene moieties with no substituent at the internal phenylene moiety has been challenging because of its low solubility. Herein we synthesized oligo(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxanes, including a deca(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxane, with a defined number of phenylene moieties. Biaryl coupling of iodoarenes mediated by macrocyclic dibenzodihydrophenanthroline-Ni complex was utilized for the first time to synthesize the [2]rotaxanes. Compared to the non-interlocked deca(para-phenylene), the deca(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxane showed higher solubility. The properties of the oligo(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxanes and non-interlocked oligo(para-phenylene)s were analyzed by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Okuda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Mitchell J, Hussain WA, Bansode AH, O’Connor RM, Wise DE, Choe MH, Parasram M. Photoinduced Nitroarenes as Versatile Anaerobic Oxidants for Accessing Carbonyl and Imine Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6517-6521. [PMID: 37680131 PMCID: PMC10496125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a protocol for the anaerobic oxidation of alcohols, amines, aldehydes, and imines promoted by photoexcited nitroarenes. Mechanistic studies support the idea that photoexcited nitroarenes undergo double hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) steps with alcohols and amines to provide the respective ketone and imine products. In the presence of aldehydes and imines, successive HAT and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) events occur to yield carboxylic acids and amides, respectively. This transformation is amenable to a continuous-photoflow setup, which led to reduced reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
K. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Waseem A. Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ajay H. Bansode
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ryan M. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dan E. Wise
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Michael H. Choe
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marvin Parasram
- Department of Chemistry, New
York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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3
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Jadidi Nejad M, Heydari A. Palladium supported on MRGO@CoAl‐LDH catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes and carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions using formic acid as liquid CO and H
2
source. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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4
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Ahmad S, Akhtar R, Zahoor AF. Comprehensive Account on the Synthesis of (-)-Balanol and its Analogues. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:56-85. [PMID: 34370642 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210809131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of diseases have been associated with hyperactivation of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes such as cancer, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. There is a dire need to selectively inhibit these enzymes by synthesizing new potent inhibitors. Balanol, a fungal metabolite belonging to the PKC inhibitor family, is especially included in this aspect. Tremendous effort has been put towards the synthesis of balanol by different research groups. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a detailed description of synthetic approaches adopted for the synthesis of key fragments of balanol (azepane and benzophenone). All the factors that resulted in excellent yield and high enantioselectivity have also been mentioned. CONCLUSION It has been shown throughout this review that the synthesis of hexahydroazepine and benzophenone cores of balanol was achieved by employing a variety of important key steps with commercially available starting precursors, which make this total synthesis more valuable. Moreover, this article provides ideas to the synthetic as well as pharmaceutical chemists for the synthesis of (-)-balanol and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
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5
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Sicignano M, Schettini R, Sica L, Pierri G, De Riccardis F, Izzo I, Maity B, Minenkov Y, Cavallo L, Della Sala G. Unprecedented Diastereoselective Arylogous Michael Addition of Unactivated Phthalides. Chemistry 2019; 25:7131-7141. [PMID: 30779872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective arylogous Michael reaction (AMR) of 3-unsubstituted phthalides has been described. This phase-transfer methodology, which uses catalytic amounts of KOH/18-crown-6 catalyst in mesitylene in the presence of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA), gives access to a broad range of 3-monosubstituted phthalides with high levels of syn diastereoselectivity and good yields, starting from 3-unsubstituted derivatives and diverse α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction also applies to unactivated 3-alkyl phthalides to afford 3,3-dialkyl derivatives. A plausible mechanism has been suggested. DFT analysis of possible transition states gives a rationale of the high syn diastereoselectivity observed and its correlation with the solvent's dielectric constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sicignano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luisa Sica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia), E-mail
| | - Yury Minenkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, MIPT, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia), E-mail
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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6
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Hardianto A, Khanna V, Liu F, Ranganathan S. Diverse dynamics features of novel protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes determine the selectivity of a fluorinated balanol analogue for PKCε. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 19:342. [PMID: 30717648 PMCID: PMC7394325 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background (−)-Balanol is an ATP-mimicking inhibitor that non-selectively targets protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). While PKA constantly shows tumor promoting activities, PKC isozymes can ambiguously be tumor promoters or suppressors. In particular, PKCε is frequently implicated in tumorigenesis and a potential target for anticancer drugs. We recently reported that the C5(S)-fluorinated balanol analogue (balanoid 1c) had improved binding affinity and selectivity for PKCε but not to the other novel PKC isozymes, which share a highly similar ATP site. The underlying basis for this fluorine-based selectivity is not entirely comprehended and needs to be investigated further for the development of ATP mimic inhibitors specific for PKCε. Results Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations assisted by homology modelling and sequence analysis, we have studied the fluorine-based selectivity in the highly similar ATP sites of novel PKC (nPKC) isozymes. The study suggests that every nPKC isozyme has different dynamics behaviour in both apo and 1c-bound forms. Interestingly, the apo form of PKCε, where 1c binds strongly, shows the highest degree of flexibility which dramatically decreases after binding 1c. Conclusions For the first time to the best of our knowledge, we found that the origin of 1c selectivity for PKCε comes from the unique dynamics feature of each PKC isozyme. Fluorine conformational control in 1c can synergize with and lock down the dynamics of PKCε, which optimize binding interactions with the ATP site residues of the enzyme, particularly the invariant Lys437. This finding has implications for further rational design of balanol-based PKCε inhibitors for cancer drug development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2373-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hardianto
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Varun Khanna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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7
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He X, Zhang M, Guo YY, Mao XM, Chen XA, Li YQ. Revelation of the Balanol Biosynthetic Pathway in Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. Org Lett 2018; 20:6323-6326. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu-Ming Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Ai Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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8
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Hardianto A, Liu F, Ranganathan S. Molecular Dynamics Pinpoint the Global Fluorine Effect in Balanoid Binding to PKCε and PKA. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:511-519. [PMID: 29341608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Balanol is an adenosine triphosphate mimic that inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with limited selectivity. While PKA is known as a tumor promoter, PKC isozymes can be tumor promoters or suppressors. In particular, PKCε is frequently involved in tumorigenesis and a potential target for anticancer drugs. We recently reported that stereospecific fluorination of balanol yielded a balanoid with enhanced selectivity for PKCε over other PKC isozymes and PKA, although the global fluorine effect behind the selectivity enhancement is not fully understood. Interestingly, in contrast to PKA, PKCε is more sensitive to this fluorine effect. Here we investigate the global fluorine effect on the different binding responses of PKCε and PKA to balanoids using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, we found that a structurally equivalent residue in each kinase, Thr184 in PKA and Ala549 in PKCε, is essential for the different binding responses. Furthermore, the study revealed that the invariant Lys, Lys73 in PKA and Lys437 in PKCε, already known to have a crucial role in the catalytic activity of kinases, serves as the main anchor for balanol binding. Overall, while Thr184 in PKA attenuates the effect of fluorination, Ala549 permits remote response of PKCε to fluorine substitution, with implications for rational design of future balanol-based PKCε inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hardianto
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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9
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Hardianto A, Yusuf M, Liu F, Ranganathan S. Exploration of charge states of balanol analogues acting as ATP-competitive inhibitors in kinases. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:572. [PMID: 29297286 PMCID: PMC5751415 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Balanol is an ATP mimic that inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with limited selectivity. While PKA is a tumour promoter, PKC isozymes act as tumour promoters or suppressors, depending on the cancer type. In particular, PKCε is frequently implicated in cancer promotion, making it a potential target for anticancer drugs. To improve isozyme selectivity of balanol, exhaustive structural and activity relationship (SAR) studies have been performed in the last two decades, but with limited success. More recently, fluorination on balanol has shown improved selectivity for PKCε, although the fluorine effect is not yet clearly understood. Understanding the origin to this fluorine-based selectivity will be valuable for designing better balanol-based ATP mimicking inhibitors. Computational approaches such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can decipher the fluorine effect, provided that correct charges have been assigned to a ligand. Balanol analogues have multiple ionisable functional groups and the effect of fluorine substitutions on the exact charge state of each analogue bound to PKA and to PKCε needs to be thoroughly investigated in order to design highly selective inhibitors for therapeutic applications. RESULTS We explored the charge states of novel fluorinated balanol analogues using MD simulations. For different potential charge states of these analogues, Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) binding energy values were computed. This study suggests that balanol and the most potent fluorinated analogue (5S fluorine substitution on the azepane ring), have charges on the azepane ring (N1), and the phenolic (C6''OH) and the carboxylate (C15''O2H) groups on the benzophenone moiety, when bound to PKCε as well as PKA. CONCLUSIONS To the best our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the phenolate group is charged in balanol and its analogues binding to the ATP site of PKCε. Correct charge assignments of ligands are important to obtain predicted binding energy values from MD simulations that reflect experimental values. Both fluorination and the local enzymatic environment of the ATP site can influence the exact charge states of balanol analogues. Overall, this study is highly valuable for further rational design of potent balanol analogues selective to PKCε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hardianto
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java 45363 Indonesia
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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10
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Cho SK, Song JH, Hahn JT, Jung DI. Biaryl Diketone Synthesis via Palladium-catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling with Carbon Monoxide or Various Metal Carbonyls. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Dong-A University; Busan 604-714 South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Song
- Department of Chemistry; Dong-A University; Busan 604-714 South Korea
| | - Jung Tae Hahn
- Department of Beautycare; U1 University, Yeonamsan-lo, Eumbongmyeon; Chungcheonnam-do 31415 South Korea
| | - Dai il Jung
- Department of Chemistry; Dong-A University; Busan 604-714 South Korea
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11
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Ji K, Yang F, Gao S, Tang J, Gao J. Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidation/C−H Functionalization of Ynones: Efficient and Rapid Access to Functionalized Polycyclic Salicyl Ketones. Chemistry 2016; 22:10225-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kegong Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Shiyue Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Jiangjiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology College of Science Northwest A&F University 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 7 12100 Shaanxi P.R. China
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12
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Pan S, Wu F, Yu R, Chen W. Palladium-Catalyzed Sequential Acylation/Cyanation of Aryl Iodides: A Regiospecific Synthesis of 2-Cyanoaryl Ketones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1558-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanfei Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruicheng Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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13
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Qi X, Jiang LB, Li HP, Wu XF. A Convenient Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Halides with Formic Acid as the Carbon Monoxide Source. Chemistry 2015; 21:17650-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Yucel B, Walsh PJ. Reversed-Polarity Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones through Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 2-Aryl-1,3-dithianes. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:3659-3667. [PMID: 26185491 PMCID: PMC4500739 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An umpolung approach to the synthesis of diaryl ketones has been developed based on in situ generation of acyl anion equivalents and their catalytic arylation. This method entails the base promoted palladium catalyzed direct C-H arylation of 2 The resulting 2,2-diaryl-1,3-dithianes with aryl bromides. Use of MN(SiMe3)2 (M=Li, Na) base results in reversible deprotonation of the weakly acidic dithiane. In the presence of a Pd(NiXantphos)-based catalyst and aryl bromide, cross-coupling of the metallated 2-aryl-1,3-dithiane takes place under mild conditions (2 h at rt) with yields as high as 96%. The resulting 2,2-diaryl-1,3-dithianes were converted into diaryl ketones by either molecular iodine, N-bromo succinimide (NBS) or Selectfluor in the presence of water. The dithiane arylation/hydrolysis can be performed in a one-pot procedure to yield a good to excellent yields. This method is suitable for rapid and large-scale synthesis of diaryl ketones. A one-pot preparation of anti-cholesterol drug fenofibrate (TriCor®) has been achieved on 10.0 mmol scale in 86% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Yucel
- Istanbul Technical University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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16
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Karmakar R, Pahari P, Mal D. Phthalides and Phthalans: Synthetic Methodologies and Their Applications in the Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6213-84. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400524q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Karmakar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pallab Pahari
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Dipakranjan Mal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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17
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Saha T, Maitra R, Chattopadhyay SK. A unified approach to the important protein kinase inhibitor balanol and a proposed analogue. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2910-5. [PMID: 24454570 PMCID: PMC3896276 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A common approach to the important protein kinase inhibitor (−)-balanol and an azepine-ring-modified balanol derivative has been developed using an efficient fragment coupling protocol which proceeded in good overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratnava Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
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18
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Unoh Y, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Synthesis of highly substituted isocoumarins by rhodium-catalyzed annulation of readily available benzoic acids. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Evers A, Hessler G, Wang LH, Werrel S, Monecke P, Matter H. CROSS: An Efficient Workflow for Reaction-Driven Rescaffolding and Side-Chain Optimization Using Robust Chemical Reactions and Available Reagents. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4656-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400404v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Evers
- Struct., Design & Informatics, R&D LGCR, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hessler
- Struct., Design & Informatics, R&D LGCR, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Li-hsing Wang
- F2S IAIS PnS, Sanofi-Aventis
Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am
Main, Germany
| | - Simon Werrel
- Struct., Design & Informatics, R&D LGCR, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Monecke
- Chemistry, R&D LGCR, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Matter
- Struct., Design & Informatics, R&D LGCR, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lee DH, Hahn JT, Jung DI. Carbonylative Coupling of 4,4’-Diiodobiphenyl Catalyzed by Pd(NHC) Complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Cho HH, Kim SH. A Versatile Protocol for the Preparation of Highly Hindered Aryl Ketones Using Organozinc Reagents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.9.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Santa-Cecília FV, Santos GB, Fuzissaki CN, Derogis PB, Freitas LA, Gontijo VS, Stringheta PC, Nagem TJ, Brigagão MR, Santos MHD. 7-Epiclusianone, the Natural Prenylated Benzophenone, Inhibits Superoxide Anions in the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst. J Med Food 2012; 15:200-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V. Santa-Cecília
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gérsika B. Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina N. Fuzissaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B.M.C. Derogis
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lissara A.S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S. Gontijo
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Stringheta
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tanus J. Nagem
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maísa R.P.L. Brigagão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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23
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Liu J, Hu Y, Waller DL, Wang J, Liu Q. Natural products as kinase inhibitors. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:392-403. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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O'Keefe BM, Simmons N, Martin SF. Facile Access to Sterically Hindered Aryl Ketones via Carbonylative Cross-Coupling: Application to the Total Synthesis of Luteolin. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:4344-4351. [PMID: 21712966 PMCID: PMC3122923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A general and mild protocol for achieving the carbonylative cross-coupling of sterically-hindered, ortho-disubstituted aryl ketones is reported. The commercially available PEPPSI-IPr catalyst is shown to efficiently promote the carbonylative cross-coupling of hindered ortho-disubstituted aryl iodides to give diaryl ketones; traditional phosphine catalysts are less effective. Carbonylative Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings provide a diverse array of biaryl ketones in good to excellent yields. The same catalyst is also shown to catalyze a carbonylative Negishi cross-coupling reaction, utilizing a variety of alkynyl zinc reagents to give the corresponding alkynyl aryl ketones. Application of this new methodology to the synthesis of the natural product luteolin is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Michael O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165
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25
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Yar M, Unthank MG, McGarrigle EM, Aggarwal VK. Remote chiral induction in vinyl sulfonium salt-mediated ring expansion of hemiaminals into epoxide-fused azepines. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:372-5. [PMID: 21254413 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yar
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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26
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Singh FV, Milagre HM, Eberlin MN, Stefani HA. Synthesis of benzophenones from geminal biaryl ethenes using m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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O'Keefe BM, Simmons N, Martin SF. Carbonylative cross-coupling of ortho-disubstituted aryl iodides. convenient synthesis of sterically hindered aryl ketones. Org Lett 2008; 10:5301-4. [PMID: 18947231 DOI: 10.1021/ol802202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A mild and general protocol for the carbonylative cross-coupling of sterically hindered ortho-disubstituted aryl iodides is reported. Carbonylative Suzuki-Miyaura couplings of a variety of aryl boronic acids provide an array of substituted biaryl ketones in modest to excellent yield. A carbonylative Negishi coupling that utilizes alkynyl nucleophiles is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Michael O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Chuzel O, Roesch A, Genet JP, Darses S. Sterically Hindered Benzophenones via Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7800-2. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801460w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Chuzel
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Genet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sylvain Darses
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique (UMR 7573, CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue P&M Curie, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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29
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Srivastava AK, Panda G. Total synthesis of (-)-balanol, all stereoisomers, their N-tosyl analogues, and fully protected ophiocordin: an easy route to hexahydroazepine cores from garner aldehydes. Chemistry 2008; 14:4675-88. [PMID: 18399526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Total syntheses of (-)-balanol and all of its stereoisomers starting from easily available Garner aldehydes are described. Diastereoselective Grignard reactions on Garner aldehydes and ring-closing metatheses are the key steps for the construction of hexahydroazepine subunits. The benzophenone subunits were constructed through coupling of suitably functionalized aromatic aldehyde and bromo components. The synthetic route constitutes a convenient and scalable reaction sequence to generate all of the stereoisomers of balanol. The methodology is explored further for the synthesis of N-tosyl analogues of balanol and of fully protected ophiocordin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
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30
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Whitson EL, Bugni TS, Chockalingam PS, Concepcion GP, Harper MK, He M, Hooper JNA, Mangalindan GC, Ritacco F, Ireland CM. Spheciosterol sulfates, PKCzeta inhibitors from a philippine sponge Spheciospongia sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1213-7. [PMID: 18558742 PMCID: PMC2593898 DOI: 10.1021/np8001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three new sterol sulfates, spheciosterol sulfates A-C (1-3), and the known sterol sulfate topsentiasterol sulfate E (4) have been isolated from the sponge Spheciospongia sp., collected in the Philippines. Structures were assigned on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies as well as analysis by HRESIMS. Compounds 1-4 inhibited PKCzeta with IC50 values of 1.59, 0.53, 0.11, and 1.21 microM, respectively. In a cell-based assay, 1-4 also inhibited NF-kappaB activation with EC50 values of 12-64 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris M. Ireland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (801) 581-8305. Fax: (801) 585-6208. E-mail:
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31
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Teicher BA. Combination of Antiangiogenic Therapy with Other Anticancer Therapies. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Mora G, Darses S, Genet JP. Tandem Catalysis: Access to Ketones from Aldehydes and Arylboronic Acidsvia Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition/Oxidation. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Jin HX, Wu TX, Jiang YJ, Zou JW, Zhuang SL, Zhang N, Mao X, Yu QS. Functional role of three water molecules buried within catalytic subunit of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Araya-Maturana R, Heredia-Moya J, Krohn K, Flörke U, Pessoa-Mahana H, Weiss-López B, Estévez-Braun A. Domino Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of Chromones with Ethyl Vinyl Ether. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organic azides: an exploding diversity of a unique class of compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5188-240. [PMID: 16100733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1636] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza-Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer-Aubé rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Germany.
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37
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Singh KJ, Collum DB. Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Ortholithiation and Anionic Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Carbamates: Role of Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13753-60. [PMID: 17044703 DOI: 10.1021/ja064655x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structural and mechanistic studies of the lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated anionic Fries rearrangements of aryl carbamates are described. Substituents at the meta position of the arene (H, OMe, F) and the dialkylamino moiety of the carbamate (Me(2)N, Et(2)N, and i-Pr(2)N) markedly influence the relative rates of ortholithiation and subsequent Fries rearrangement. Structural studies using (6)Li and (15)N NMR spectroscopies on samples derived from [(6)Li,(15)N]LDA reveal an LDA dimer, LDA dimer-arene complexes, an aryllithium monomer, LDA-aryllithium mixed dimers, an LDA-lithium phenolate mixed dimer, and homoaggregated lithium phenolates. The highly insoluble phenolate was characterized as a dimer by X-ray crystallography. Rate studies show monomer- and dimer-based ortholithiations as well as monomer- and mixed dimer-based Fries rearrangements. Density functional theory computational studies probe experimentally elusive structural and mechanistic details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Jit Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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38
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organische Azide - explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Tammela P, Ekokoski E, García-Horsman A, Talman V, Finel M, Tuominen R, Vuorela P. Screening of natural compounds and their derivatives as potential protein kinase C inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Breitenlechner CB, Wegge T, Berillon L, Graul K, Marzenell K, Friebe WG, Thomas U, Schumacher R, Huber R, Engh RA, Masjost B. Structure-Based Optimization of Novel Azepane Derivatives as PKB Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1375-90. [PMID: 14998327 DOI: 10.1021/jm0310479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel azepane derivatives were prepared and evaluated for protein kinase B (PKB-alpha) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition. The original (-)-balanol-derived lead structure (4R)-4-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoyl)-benzoic acid (3R)-3-[(pyridine-4-carbonyl)amino]-azepan-4-yl ester (1) (IC(50) (PKB-alpha) = 5 nM) which contains an ester moiety was found to be plasma unstable and therefore unsuitable as a drug. Based upon molecular modeling studies using the crystal structure of the complex between PKA and 1, the five compounds N-[(3R,4R)-4-[4-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoyl)-benzoylamino]-azepan-3-yl]-isonicotinamide (4), (3R,4R)-N-[4-[4-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoyl)-benzyloxy]-azepan-3-yl]-isonicotinamide (5), N-[(3R,4S)-4-[4-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoyl)-phenylamino]-methyl]-azepan-3-yl)-isonicotinamide (6), N-[(3R,4R)-4-[4-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoyl)-benzylamino]-azepan-3-yl]-isonicotinamide (7), and N-[(3R,4S)-4-(4-[trans-2-[4-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoyl)-phenyl]-vinyl]-azepan-3-yl)-isonicotinamide (8) with linkers isosteric to the ester were designed, synthesized, and tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against PKA and PKB-alpha and for plasma stability in mouse plasma.(1) Compound 4 was found to be plasma stable and highly active (IC(50) (PKB-alpha) = 4 nM). Cocrystals with PKA were obtained for 4, 5, and 8 and analyzed for binding interactions and conformational changes in the ligands and protein in order to rationalize the different activities of the molecules.
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Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Recent synthetic uses of functionalised aromatic and heteroaromatic organolithium reagents prepared by non-deprotonating methods. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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