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Pandya N, Singh M, Rani R, Kumar V, Kumar A. G-quadruplex-mediated specific recognition, stabilization and transcriptional repression of bcl-2 by small molecule. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 734:109483. [PMID: 36513132 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the G-quadruplex (G4) structure in the promoter region of the human bcl-2 oncogenes makes it a promising target for developing anti-cancer therapeutics. Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis, and its frequent overexpression in cancer cells contributes to tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Small molecules that can specifically bind to bcl-2 G4 with high affinity and selectivity are remaining elusive. Here, we report that small molecule 1,3-bis-) furane-2yl-methylidene-amino) guanidine (BiGh) binds to bcl-2 G4 DNA structure with very high affinity and selectivity over other genomic G4 DNA structures and duplex DNA. BiGh stabilizes folded parallel conformation of bcl-2 G4 via non-covalent and electrostatic interactions and increases the thermal stabilization up to 15 °C. The ligand significantly suppresses the bcl-2 transcription in HeLa cells by a G4-dependent mechanism and induces cell cycle arrest which promotes apoptosis. The in silico ADME profiling confirms the potential 'drug-likeness' of BiGh. Our results showed that BiGh stabilizes the bcl-2 G-quadruplex motif, downregulates the bcl-2 gene transcription as well as translation process in cervical cancer cells, and exhibits potential anti-cancer activity. This work provides a potential platform for the development of lead compound(s) as G4 stabilizers with drug-like properties of BiGh for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Pandya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Mamta Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Reshma Rani
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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2
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Pandya N, Rani R, Kumar V, Kumar A. Discovery of potent Guanidine derivative that selectively binds and stabilizes the human BCL-2 G-quadruplex DNA and downregulates the transcription. Gene 2022; 851:146975. [PMID: 36261091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that interact with quadruplexes offer a wide range of potential applications, including not just as medications but also as sensors for quadruplexes structures. The BCL-2 is a proto-oncogene that often gets mutated in lethal cancer and could be an interesting target for developing an anti-cancer drug. In the present study, we have employed various biophysical techniques such as fluorescence, CD, Isothermal calorimeter, gel retardation, and PCR stop assay, indicating that Guanidine derivatives GD-1 and GD-2 selectively interact with high affinity with BCL-2 G-quadruplex over other G-quadruplex DNA and duplex DNA. The most promising small molecule GD-1 increases the thermostability of the BCL-2 GQ structure by 12°C. Our biological experiments such as ROS generation, qRT-PCR, western blot, TFP based Reporter assay, show that the GD-1 ligand causes a synthetic lethal interaction by suppressing the expression BCL-2 genes via interaction and stabilization of its the promoter G-quadruplexes in HeLa cells and act as a potential anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Pandya
- Department for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, Simrol, India
| | - Reshma Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, Simrol, India.
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Guanidine–Curcumin Complex-Loaded Amine-Functionalised Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143490. [PMID: 35884549 PMCID: PMC9323383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on developing a tumour-targeted functionalised nanocarrier that wraps hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The guanidine carbonate and curcumin are immobilised on the surface of 3-aminopropyl-triethoxy silane (APTES)-decorated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNP), as confirmed through XPS and NMR analysis. XPS analysis demonstrates that the shape of the hysteresis loops is modified and that pore volume and pore diameter are consequently decreased compared to control. Guanidine (85%) and guanidine–curcumin complex (90%) were successfully encapsulated in HMSNAP and showed a 90% effective and sustained release at pH 7.4 for up to 72 h. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining determined that GuC-HMNSAP induced more late apoptosis and necrosis at 48 and 72 h compared with Gu-HMNSAP-treated cells. Molecular investigation of guanidine-mediated apoptosis was analysed using western blotting. It was found that cleaved caspases, c-PARP, and GSK-3β (Ser9) had increased activity in MCF-7 cells. GuC-HMSNAP increased the activity of phosphorylation of oncogenic proteins such as Akt (Ser473), c-Raf (Ser249), PDK1 (Ser241), PTEN (Ser380), and GSK-3β (Ser9), thus inducing cell death in MCF-7 cells. Altogether, our findings confirm that GuC-HMNSAP induces cell death by precisely associating with tumour-suppressing proteins, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer therapy.
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Sidoryk K, Świtalska M, Rózga P, Wietrzyk J, Bujak I, Żerek B, Kaczmarek Ł, Cybulski M. An efficient synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline guanidine derivatives with their in vitro and in vivo study. Med Chem Res 2017; 26:3354-3366. [PMID: 29170613 PMCID: PMC5676820 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An optimization of the guanidylation process by verifying the efficacy of common guanylation reagents in order to obtain the guanidine derivatives of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline has been performed. As a result, a high-yield procedure using N,N′-di-Boc-N′′-triflylguanidine was applied to synthesize the guanidine derivative of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline 1 in a gram scale for specific in vitro and in vivo biological research. Extensive studies on the antiproliferative activity against eight human tumor cell lines were completed. Compound 1 revealed the highest activity against A549 lung adenocarcinoma and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Thus, 1 was evaluated for the in vivo anticancer activity against 4T1 mammary gland carcinoma and KLN205 murine lung carcinoma in mouse models. The anticancer effect was observed in the KLN205 model with a 37% tumor growth inhibition at the 20 mg/kg dose. This anticancer activity of 1 was comparable to that of cyclophosphamide which inhibited murine lung tumor growth in the range of 27–43% at the dose of 100 mg/kg. The biochemistry research after 1 admission, including measurements of blood parameters like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and urea and creatinine, were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Rózga
- Adamed Group, Oncology Group, Pieńków 149, 05-152 Czosnów, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Bujak
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Żerek
- Adamed Group, Oncology Group, Pieńków 149, 05-152 Czosnów, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warszawa, Poland
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Sidoryk K, Świtalska M, Jaromin A, Cmoch P, Bujak I, Kaczmarska M, Wietrzyk J, Dominguez EG, Żarnowski R, Andes DR, Bańkowski K, Cybulski M, Kaczmarek Ł. The synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives with a guanidine group: highly selective cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:208-19. [PMID: 26496013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives containing guanidine, amino acid or guanylamino acid substituents as well as their in vitro evaluation for the cytotoxic and antifungal activity are reported. The influence of the guanidine group on the selective cytotoxic and hemolytic properties of indolo[2,3-b]quinoline was investigated. Most of the compounds displayed a high cytotoxic activity in vitro and two of the most promising compounds (3 and 12) exhibited a high selectivity between normal and cancer cell-lines. The cytotoxic activity of compound 3 was about 600-fold lower against normal fibroblasts than against A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Novel entities acted as the DNA-intercalators when tested using a DNA-methyl green assay but demonstrated zero or low hemolytic activity in comparison to their unsubstituted analogs. The mechanism of action was studied for guanidine derivatives 3 and 12 and both compounds were found to be very effective inducers of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla St., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka St., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bujak
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kaczmarska
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Weigla St., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; Institute of Chemistry Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Eddie G Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, 4125 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert Żarnowski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, 4125 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, 4125 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera St., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Kočišová E, Procházka M, Vaculčiaková L. Drop-Coating Deposition Raman (DCDR) Spectroscopy as a Tool for Membrane Interaction Studies: Liposome-Porphyrin Complex. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:939-945. [PMID: 26163374 DOI: 10.1366/14-07836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy is based on the measurement of a sample that has been preconcentrated by being dried on a special hydrophobic plate. In addition to its higher sensitivity, the advantage of DCDR over the conventional Raman spectroscopy is the small sample volume needed, the lack of interference from solvents, and the capability of segregating any impurities present and separating components in more complex samples. In this study, DCDR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the complex of the cationic copper(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (CuTMPyP) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposomes. Drop-coating deposition Raman spectra were treated using factor analysis (FA), which led to the following conclusions: (i) the distribution of CuTMPyP in the complex is not homogenous, (ii) the DCDR technique segregates complexed and noncomplexed parts of the sample, (iii) the spectral changes caused by the drying process and by the interaction of CuTMPyP with the DPPC liposomes can be distinguished, and (iv) the porphyrin molecules interacting with DPPC affect both the order-disorder properties of the lipid chains and the lipid head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kočišová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 2, CZ-121 16, Czech Republic
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7
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Synthesis and characterization of N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-guanidinyl-polyethylenimine polymers and investigation of their capability to deliver DNA and siRNA in mammalian cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:197-203. [PMID: 23643916 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in polymeric gene delivery have raised the potential of gene therapy as treatment for various acquired and inherited diseases. Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-guanidinyl-polyethylenimine (sGP) polymers and investigation of their capability to carry DNA and siRNA in vitro. Zinc triflate-mediated activation of primary amines of branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) followed by reaction with varying amounts of N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC) resulted in the generation of a small series of trisubstituted guanidinyl-modified polyethylenimine polymers. Determination of primary amines on modified polymers by TNBS assay revealed 62-84% of the attempted conjugation of EDAC onto bPEI. These modified polymers were shown to condense plasmid DNA and retard its mobility on 0.8% agarose gel. Further, these polymers were evaluated for their capability to carry pDNA into the cells by performing transfection assay on various mammalian cells. All the modified polymer/pDNA complexes exhibited significantly higher levels of gene expression with one of the complexes, sGP3/pDNA complex, displayed ~1.45 to 3.0 orders of magnitude higher transfection efficiency than that observed in the native bPEI and the commercial transfection reagent, Lipofectamine™. The efficacy of sGP3 polymer was further assessed by siRNA delivery, which resulted in ~81% suppression of the target gene. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate the potential of these substituted guanidinyl-modified PEIs as efficient gene delivery vectors.
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Moserova I, Kralova J. Role of ER stress response in photodynamic therapy: ROS generated in different subcellular compartments trigger diverse cell death pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32972. [PMID: 22403731 PMCID: PMC3293927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the molecular mechanisms of photoinduced cell death using porphyrins with similar structure differing only in the position of the ethylene glycol (EG) chain on the phenyl ring. Meta- and para-positioned EG chains targeted porphyrins to different subcellular compartments. After photoactivation, both types of derivatives induced death of tumor cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Para derivatives pTPP(EG)4 and pTPPF(EG)4 primarily accumulated in lysosomes activated the p38 MAP kinase cascade, which in turn induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In contrast, meta porphyrin derivative mTPP(EG)4 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induced dramatic changes in Ca(2+) homeostasis manifested by Ca(2+) rise in the cytoplasm, activation of calpains and stress caspase-12 or caspase-4. ER stress developed into unfolded protein response. Immediately after irradiation the PERK pathway was activated through phosphorylation of PERK, eIF2α and induction of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP, which regulate stress response genes. PERK knockdown and PERK deficiency protected cells against mTPP(EG)4-mediated apoptosis, confirming the causative role of the PERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Moserova
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Kralova
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Sekutor M, Mlinarić-Majerski K, Hrenar T, Tomić S, Primožič I. Adamantane-substituted guanylhydrazones: novel inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase. Bioorg Chem 2012; 41-42:28-34. [PMID: 22336689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel adamantane-substituted guanylhydrazones was synthesized and used in a study of inhibitory potential toward butyrylcholinesterase. The experimental results were further supported by using docking studies to examine the behavior of the inhibitors within the active site regions of the enzyme. The enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constants K(i) were determined from Hunter-Downs diagrams using Ellman's method for cholinesterase activity determination. Compounds 2-(N-guanidino)iminoadamantane hydrochloride (1) and 2,4-bis(N,N'-guanidino)iminoadamantane dihydrochloride (2) were found to be the best BChE inhibitors and their affinities for the enzyme active site were about five times higher compared to the enzyme peripheral site. The strongest interaction observed in complexes obtained by docking studies was the H-bond between the guanidine and the carboxylate of Glu199 and the second guanidine group in bisguanidine compounds was stabilized with additional H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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Study of Cellular Uptake of Modified Oligonucleotides by Using Time-Resolved Microspectrofluorimetry and Florescence Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/415496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microimaging and homodyne phase-resolved confocal microspectrofluorimetry were used to monitor the transport of antisense oligonucleotide into cancer MCF7 cells and the subsequent intracellular distribution. Phosphorothioate analog of 15-mer oligoadenylate (dA15) labeled by ATTO 425 was complexed with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (H2TMPyP4) as an uptake-mediating agent. Fluorescence lifetime data within a broad spectral range have revealed properties of both components inside the cell. H2TMPyP4 lifetime inside the cell is not influenced in this malignant cell line, while the lifetime of modified oligonucleotide was found to be slightly shortened.
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Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Bříza T, Králová J, Martásek P, Král V. Supramolecular approach for target transport of photodynamic anticancer agents. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2011.631705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Kejík
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Katerinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Katerinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- c Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Katerinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- d Zentiva R&D, part of Sanofi-Aventis , U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague 10 , Czech Republic
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12
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Praus P, Kočišová E, Mojzeš P, Štěpánek J, Turpin PY, Sureau F. Cellular uptake of modified oligonucleotides enhanced by porphyrins studied by time-resolved microspectrofluorimetry and fluorescence imaging techniques. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Jensen TJ, H. Vicente MG, Luguya R, Norton J, Fronczek FR, Smith KM. Effect of overall charge and charge distribution on cellular uptake, distribution and phototoxicity of cationic porphyrins in HEp2 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2010; 100:100-11. [PMID: 20558079 PMCID: PMC3161426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Five cationic porphyrins bearing one to four -N(CH(3))(3)(+) groups linked to the p-phenyl positions of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were synthesized in order to study the effect of overall charge and its distribution on the cellular uptake, phototoxicity and intracellular localization using human carcinoma HEp2 cells. The di-cationic porphyrins DADP-o and DADP-a accumulated the most within cells and preferentially localize within vesicular compartments and in mitochondria. Of these two only DADP-a was phototoxic to the cells (IC(50)=3 microM at 1 J/cm(2)). The mono-cationic porphyrin MAP was found to be the most phototoxic of the series, and it localized mainly in lipid membranes, including the plasma membrane, ER, mitochondria, and Golgi. Both the tri-cationic porphyrin TRAP and the tetra-cationic porphyrin TEAP localized subcellularly mainly in the mitochondria, but of the two only TEAP showed moderate phototoxicity (IC(50)=8 microM at 1 J/cm(2)). Our results suggest that MAP is the most promising PDT photosensitizer, and that both DADP-o and TRAP might find application as transport vehicles for therapeutics into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, 70803, USA
| | - Raymond Luguya
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jolanna Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, 70803, USA
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA, 70803, USA
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Králová J, Bříza T, Moserová I, Dolenský B, Vašek P, Poučková P, Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Martásek P, Dvořák M, Král V. Glycol Porphyrin Derivatives as Potent Photodynamic Inducers of Apoptosis in Tumor Cells. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5964-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Králová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Moserová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vašek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Poučková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dvořák
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Katerinska 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic, and Zentiva Research & Development, U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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15
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Praus P, Kocisová E, Mojzes P, Stepánek J, Seksek O, Sureau F, Turpin PY. Time-resolved microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence imaging techniques: study of porphyrin-mediated cellular uptake of oligonucleotides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1130:117-21. [PMID: 18596340 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1430.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy imaging were applied to monitor the cellular uptake of fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides (ONs) delivered by a porphyrin molecule. The fate of porphyrin-ON complexes inside living cells has also been monitored. Due to intrinsic fluorescence of the porphyrin and sensitivity of its characteristics to microenvironment, multicomponent analysis of time-resolved fluorescence provides unique information about stability of the porphyrin-ON complexes, ON interactions with their target sequences, and ON and porphyrin distributions after delivery inside the cells. Time-resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry indeed delivers additional information compared with fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging widely employed to study ON uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Praus
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2, CZ-121 16, Czech Republic.
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16
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Sibrian-Vazquez M, Nesterova IV, Jensen TJ, Vicente MGH. Mitochondria targeting by guanidine- and biguanidine-porphyrin photosensitizers. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:705-13. [PMID: 18269224 DOI: 10.1021/bc700393u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of three new amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives, containing a guanidine, a biguanidine, or an MLS peptide, that were designed to target the cell mitochondria. The guanidine- and biguanidine-porphyrins are poorly soluble in water, forming J-type aggregates in aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the porphyrin-MLS peptide conjugate bearing a low molecular weight PEG spacer is highly water-soluble and does not aggregate in aqueous media. The fluorescence quantum yields determined for all porphyrins were higher at low pH (<6) and the porphyrin-peptide conjugate had the highest quantum yields in aqueous media. All porphyrins showed low dark toxicity toward human carcinoma HEp2 cells, and the guanidine-porphyrin was the most phototoxic (IC 50 = 4.8 microM at 1 J cm (-2)), followed by the biguanidine-porphyrin and the porphyrin-MLS (IC50 = 8.2 microM and 9.8 microM at 1 J cm (-2), respectively). The porphyrin-MLS peptide conjugate accumulated the most within cells of all porphyrins at all times investigated and the biguanidine-porphyrin accumulated the least. Both the guanidine- and biguanidine-porphyrins localized within cell mitochondria and, in addition, were found in the lysosomes and the ER (in the case of the guanidine-porphyrin). In contrast, the porphyrin-MLS peptide conjugate localized mainly within the cell lysosomes.
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17
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Kralova J, Dvorak M, Koc M, Kral V. p38 MAPK plays an essential role in apoptosis induced by photoactivation of a novel ethylene glycol porphyrin derivative. Oncogene 2007; 27:3010-20. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Tauskela JS, Brunette E, Kiedrowski L, Lortie K, Hewitt M, Morley P. Unconventional neuroprotection against Ca2+ -dependent insults by metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidants. J Neurochem 2006; 98:1324-42. [PMID: 16895586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether both inert and catalytically active metalloporphyrin antioxidants, meso-substituted with either phenyl-based or N-alkylpyridinium-based groups, suppress Ca(2+)-dependent neurotoxicity in cell culture models of relevance to cerebral ischemia. Representatives from both metalloporphyrin classes, regardless of antioxidant strength, protected cultured cortical neurons or PC-12 cultures against the Ca(2+) ionophores ionomycin or A23187, by suppressing neurotoxic Ca(2+) influx. Some metalloporphyrins suppressed excitotoxic Ca(2+) influx indirectly induced by the Ca(2+) ionophores in cortical neurons. Metalloporphyrins did not quench intracellular fluorescence, suggesting localization to the plasma membrane interface and/or interference with Ca(2+) ionophores. Metalloporphyrins suppressed ionomycin-induced Mn(2+) influx, but did not protect cortical neurons against pyrithione, a Zn(2+) ionophore. In other Ca(2+)-dependent paradigms, Ca(2+) influx via plasma membrane depolarization, but not through reversal of plasmalemmal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers, was modestly suppressed by Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (Mn(III)TBAP) or by an inert analog, Zn(II)TBAP. Mn(III)TBAP and Zn(II)TBAP potently protected cortical neurons against long-duration oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), performed in the presence of antagonists of NMDA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate and L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, raising the possibility of an unconventional mode of blockade of transient receptor protein melastatin 7 channels by a metalloTBAP family of metalloporphyrins. The present study extends the range of Ca(2+)-dependent insults for which metalloporphyrins demonstrate unconventional neuroprotection. MetalloTBAPs appear capable of targeting an OGD temporal continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Tauskela
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Sciences, Synaptic Pathophysiology Group, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Kocisová E, Praus P, Mojzes P, Sureau F, Stepánek J, Seksek O, Turpin PY. Cellular uptake of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide facilitated by cationic porphyrin: a microfluorescence study. Biopolymers 2006; 82:325-8. [PMID: 16506169 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cationic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin was tested as a delivery agent for oligonucleotides. By using fluorescence microimaging, it has been shown that complexation of the porphyrin to the phosphorothioate analog of dT(15) labeled by rhodamine enabled its nonendocytic penetration into the cell and regular distribution in the cytoplasm and preferentially into the nucleus. Time-resolved microfluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the oligonucleotide integrity was kept. A small fraction of the porphyrin molecules seems to undergo change of the binding mode after internalization, probably due to duplex formation between the oligonucleotide and its cellular target sequences, or due to dissociation of the porphyrin from the oligonucleotide and subsequent interactions in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kocisová
- Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 2 Prague 12116, Czech Republic.
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20
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Yuasa M, Oyaizu K, Horiuchi A, Ogata A, Hatsugai T, Yamaguchi A, Kawakami H. Liposomal Surface-Loading of Water-Soluble Cationic Iron(III) Porphyrins as Anticancer Drugs. Mol Pharm 2004; 1:387-9. [PMID: 16026010 DOI: 10.1021/mp049936v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel design of anticancer drug delivery system, based on an electrostatic binding of negatively charged liposomes and cationic metalloporphyrins under physiological conditions, is reported. A lack of cytotoxicity of the iron(III) porphyrin-loaded liposomes and an efficient generation of a toxic hydroxyl radical (OH*) from a superoxide anion radical (O2-*) through the iron(III)-catalyzed dismutation and the Fenton-like reaction allow for a targeted necrosis of tumor cells where the concentration of O2-* is locally increased as a result of the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yuasa
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
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21
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Král V, Vašek P, Dolensky B. Green Chemistry for Preparation of Oligopyrrole Macrocycles Precursors: Novel Methodology for Dipyrromethanes and Tripyrromethanes Synthesis in Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for preparation of linear oligopyrroles is presented. Synthetic protocol uses water as a solvent for acid catalysed condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with unsubstituted pyrrole. While the most procedures for the above-mentioned compounds are performed in organic solvents, or large excess of pyrrole (used as solvent), we present here a novel, mild and efficient procedure for selective preparation of linear oligopyrroles in aqueous environment. Preparation of dipyrromethanes 3 and tripyrromethanes 4 was optimised by varying the molar ratio and concentrations of starting compounds (aldehyde to pyrrole) and acid catalyst. The high initial concentration of aldehyde and pyrrole leads to the preferential formation of 3, where the driving force for the product formation is precipitation of 3 from water solution; the reaction proceeds at room temperature within a couple of minutes in excellent yields. On the other hand, low concentration of starting compounds led to preferential formation of tripyrromethanes 4. Formation of 3 and 4 can also be controlled by the initial ratio of aldehyde and pyrrole, where generally the ratios over 1:6 gave mostly 3. Application of this synthetic protocol for ketones revealed that only 3 are formed, regardless of the ratio of starting compounds, which is interpreted as a result of lower reactivity of ketones in this particular condensation reaction.
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