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Cincinelli R, Musso L, Guglielmi MB, La Porta I, Fucci A, Luca D'Andrea E, Cardile F, Colelli F, Signorino G, Darwiche N, Gervasoni S, Vistoli G, Pisano C, Dallavalle S. Novel adamantyl retinoid-related molecules with POLA1 inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104253. [PMID: 32920362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical retinoids (AR) or retinoid-related molecules (RRMs) represent a promising class of antitumor compounds. Among AR, E-3-(3'-adamantan-1-yl-4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid (adarotene), has been extensively investigated. In the present work we report the results of our efforts to develop new adarotene-related atypical retinoids endowed also with POLA1 inhibitory activity. The effects of the synthesized compounds on cell growth were determined on a panel of human and hematological cancer cell lines. The most promising compounds showed antitumor activity against several tumor histotypes and increased cytotoxic activity against an adarotene-resistant cell line, compared to the parent molecule. The antitumor activity of a selected compound was evaluated on HT-29 human colon carcinoma and human mesothelioma (MM487) xenografts. Particularly significant was the in vivo activity of the compound as a single agent compared to adarotene and cisplatin, against pleural mesothelioma MM487. No reduction of mice body weight was observed, thus suggesting a higher tolerability with respect to the parent compound adarotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Cincinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Pisano
- Biogem, Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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2
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Grabovyi GA, Bhatti A, Mohr JT. Total Synthesis of Benzofuran-Based Aspergillusene B via Halogenative Aromatization of Enones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4196-4200. [PMID: 32437168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennadii A. Grabovyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Aisha Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Justin T. Mohr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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3
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Jin C, Decker AM, Harris DL, Blough BE. Effect of Substitution on the Aniline Moiety of the GPR88 Agonist 2-PCCA: Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Molecular Modeling Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1418-1432. [PMID: 27499251 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR88, an orphan receptor richly expressed in the striatum, is implicated in a number of basal ganglia-associated disorders. In order to elucidate the functions of GPR88, an in vivo probe appropriate for CNS investigation is required. We previously reported that 2-PCCA was able to modulate GPR88-mediated cAMP production through a Gαi-coupled pathway. Early structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that the aniline moiety of 2-PCCA is a suitable site for diverse modifications. Aimed at elucidating structural requirements in this region, we have designed and synthesized a series of analogues bearing a variety of substituents at the phenyl ring of the aniline moiety. Several compounds (e.g., 5j, 5o) showed improved or comparable potency, but have lower lipophilicity than 2-PCCA (clogP 6.19). These compounds provide the basis for further optimization to probe GPR88 in vivo functions. Computational studies confirmed the SAR trends and supported the notion that 4'-substituents on the biphenyl ring exit through a largely hydrophobic binding site to the extracellular loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Danni L. Harris
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bruce E. Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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4
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Farhana L, Dawson MI, Fontana JA. Down regulation of miR-202 modulates Mxd1 and Sin3A repressor complexes to induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:115-24. [PMID: 25611699 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.987070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of microRNA expression in pancreatic cancers has been shown to play an important role in its inherent poor prognosis and malignant potential. MicroRNAs have also been shown to inhibit translation of genes by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3-UTR) of mRNAs resulting in the inhibition of translation and often destruction of the mRNA. In the present study we investigated the role of the microRNA miR-202 in the apoptotic pathways of pancreatic cancer cells. The adamantyl-related molecule, 3-Cl-AHPC down-regulated expression of miR-202 and miR-578 resulting in the increased expression of mRNA and protein expression of their target genes, Max dimerization protein 1 (Mxd1/Mad1) and the Sin3A associated protein 18 (SAP18). Overexpression of pre-miR-202 led to diminished levels of Mxd1 and blocked the 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated increase in Mxd1 mRNA expression. The addition of the microRNA inhibitor 2'-O-methylated miR-202 enhanced the 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated increase of Mxd1 mRNA levels as well as 3-CI-AHPC-mediated apoptosis. We found increased Mxd1 bound to the Sin3A repressor protein complex through its increased binding with HDAC-2 and subsequently enhanced transcriptional repression in cells as evidenced by increased HDAC activity. Mxd1 also repressed human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression through its increased binding to the hTERT promoter site and resulted in decreased telomerase activity in cells. Our results demonstrate that down regulation of miR-202 increased the expression of its target Mxd1, followed by Mxd1 recruitment to the Sin3A repressor complex and through its dimerization with Max, and increased repression of Myc-Max target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Farhana
- a John D Dingell VA Medical Center; Department of Oncology ; Detroit , MI USA
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5
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Gavrishova TN, Budyka MF, Potashova NI, Karpov ON. Synthesis and acid-base properties of bifunctional compounds based on 2-styrylquinoline and 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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García-Rodríguez J, Pérez-Rodríguez S, Ortiz MA, Pereira R, de Lera AR, Piedrafita FJ. Inhibition of IκB kinase-β and IκB kinase-α by heterocyclic adamantyl arotinoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1285-302. [PMID: 24457093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported on a series of retinoid-related molecules containing an adamantyl group, a.k.a. adamantyl arotinoids (AdArs), that showed significant cancer cell growth inhibitory activity and activated RXRα (NR2B1) in transient transfection assays while devoid of RAR transactivation capacity. We have now explored whether these AdArs could also bind and inhibit IKKβ, a known target that mediates the induction of apoptosis and cancer cell growth inhibition by related AdArs containing a chalcone functional group. In addition, we have prepared and evaluated novel AdArs that incorporate a central heterocyclic ring connecting the adamantyl-phenol and the carboxylic acid at the polar termini. Our results indicate that the majority of the RXRα activating compounds lacked IKKβ inhibitory activity. In contrast, the novel heterocyclic AdArs containing a thiazole or pyrazine ring linked to a benzoic acid motif were potent inhibitors of both IKKα and IKKβ, which in most cases paralleled significant growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CINBIO and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Santiago Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CINBIO and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María A Ortiz
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Raquel Pereira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CINBIO and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CINBIO and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - F Javier Piedrafita
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Ct, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Lorenzo P, Ortiz MA, Álvarez R, Piedrafita FJ, de Lera ÁR. Adamantyl arotinoids that inhibit IκB kinase α and IκB kinase β. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1184-98. [PMID: 23653373 PMCID: PMC3892996 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of analogues of the adamantyl arotinoid (AdAr) chalcone MX781 with halogenated benzyloxy substituents at C2' and heterocyclic derivatives replacing the chalcone group were found to inhibit IκBα kinase α (IKKα) and IκBα kinase β (IKKβ) activities. The growth inhibitory capacity of some analogues against Jurkat T cells as well as prostate carcinoma (PC-3) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells, which contain elevated basal IKK activity, correlates with the induction of apoptosis and increased inhibition of recombinant IKKα and IKKβ in vitro, pointing toward inhibition of IKK/NFκB signaling as the most likely target of the anticancer activities of these AdArs. While the chalcone functional group present in many dietary compounds has been shown to mediate interactions with IKKβ via Michael addition with cysteine residues, AdArs containing a five-membered heterocyclic ring (isoxazoles and pyrazoles) in place of the chalcone of the parent system are potent inhibitors of IKKs as well, which suggests that other mechanisms for inhibition exist that do not depend on the presence of a reactive α,β-unsaturated ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomédicas de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Spain), Fax: (+34)986811940
| | - María A. Ortiz
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Stomics Ct., San Diego, CA 92121, Fax: (+1) 858 5973884
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomédicas de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Spain), Fax: (+34)986811940
| | - F. Javier Piedrafita
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Stomics Ct., San Diego, CA 92121, Fax: (+1) 858 5973884
| | - Ángel R. de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomédicas de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Spain), Fax: (+34)986811940
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8
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Wanka L, Iqbal K, Schreiner PR. The lipophilic bullet hits the targets: medicinal chemistry of adamantane derivatives. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3516-604. [PMID: 23432396 PMCID: PMC3650105 DOI: 10.1021/cr100264t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fax +49(641)9934309
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fax +49(641)9934309
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9
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Wang N, Wang R, Shi X, Zou G. Ion-exchange-resin-catalyzed adamantylation of phenol derivatives with adamantanols: Developing a clean process for synthesis of 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-bromophenol, a key intermediate of adapalene. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:227-33. [PMID: 22423289 PMCID: PMC3302083 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A clean process has been developed for the synthesis of 2-adamantylphenol derivatives through adamantylation of substituted phenols with adamantanols catalyzed by commercially available and recyclable ion-exchange sulfonic acid resin in acetic acid. The sole byproduct of the adamantylation reaction, namely water, could be converted into the solvent acetic acid by addition of a slight excess of acetic anhydride during the work-up procedure, making the process waste-free except for regeneration of the ion-exchange resin, and facilitating the recycling of the resin catalyst. The ion-exchange sulfonic acid resin catalyst could be readily recycled by filtration and directly reused at least ten times without a significant loss of activity. The key intermediate of adapalene, 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-bromophenol, could be produced by means of this waste-free process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Rd. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China. Fax: 86-21-64253881; Tel: 86-21-64252390
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Rd. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China. Fax: 86-21-64253881; Tel: 86-21-64252390
| | - Xia Shi
- Department of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Rd. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China. Fax: 86-21-64253881; Tel: 86-21-64252390
| | - Gang Zou
- Department of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Rd. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China. Fax: 86-21-64253881; Tel: 86-21-64252390
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10
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Xia Z, Correa RG, Das JK, Farhana L, Castro DJ, Yu J, Oshima RG, Fontana JA, Reed JC, Dawson MI. Analogues of Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner Ligand and Apoptosis Inducer (E)-4-[3-(1-Adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic Acid. 2. Impact of 3-Chloro Group Replacement on Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis of Leukemia and Cancer Cell Lines. J Med Chem 2011; 55:233-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2011436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Xia
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Ricardo G. Correa
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Jayanta K. Das
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
Michigan 48201,
United States
| | - Lulu Farhana
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
Michigan 48201,
United States
| | - David J. Castro
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Robert G. Oshima
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Joseph A. Fontana
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
Michigan 48201,
United States
| | - John C. Reed
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
| | - Marcia I. Dawson
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
United States
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11
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Krimmer SG, Pan H, Liu J, Yang J, Kopeček J. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] micelles for drug delivery. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1041-51. [PMID: 21567954 PMCID: PMC4598047 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers based on HPMA and ε-CL were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of ε-CL followed by RAFT polymerization of HPMA. A copolymer composed of 34 kDa PHPMA and 8.5 kDa PCL associated into micelles with CMC of 5.4 µg · mL(-1) . A novel retinoid, 3-Cl-AHPC-OMe, was incorporated into micelles with 25 wt.-% loading by dialysis method. The effective diameter of drug loading micelles was 117 nm. Incubation of micelles in PBS at 37 °C indicated 86 wt.-% of the drug was released after 96 h. Cytotoxicity studies performed with C4-2 prostate cancer cells showed the IC(50) dose was 1.96 µM after 72 h of incubation, whereas the micelles without drug showed no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Krimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Huaizhong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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12
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The many faces of the adamantyl group in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1949-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Xia Z, Farhana L, Correa RG, Das JK, Castro DJ, Yu J, Oshima RG, Reed JC, Fontana JA, Dawson MI. Heteroatom-Substituted Analogues of Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner Ligand and Apoptosis Inducer (E)-4-[3-(1-Adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic Acid. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3793-816. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200051z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Xia
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lulu Farhana
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Ricardo G. Correa
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jayanta K. Das
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - David J. Castro
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Robert G. Oshima
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John C. Reed
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joseph A. Fontana
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Marcia I. Dawson
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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14
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Nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner in apoptosis signaling and liver cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:198-212. [PMID: 24212613 PMCID: PMC3756356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) is a unique orphan nuclear receptor that contains the dimerization and a putative ligand-binding domain, but lacks the conserved DNA binding domain. SHP exerts its physiological function as an inhibitor of gene transcription through physical interaction with multiple nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors. SHP is a critical transcriptional regulator affecting diverse biological functions, including bile acid, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, glucose and energy homeostasis, and reproductive biology. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that SHP is an epigenetically regulated transcriptional repressor that suppresses the development of liver cancer. In this review, we summarize recent major findings regarding the role of SHP in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA methylation, and discuss recent progress in understanding the function of SHP as a tumor suppressor in the development of liver cancer. Future study will be focused on identifying SHP associated novel pro-oncogenes and anti-oncogenes in liver cancer progression and applying the knowledge gained on SHP in liver cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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15
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Cellanetti M, Gunda V, Wang L, Macchiarulo A, Pellicciari R. Insights into the binding mode and mechanism of action of some atypical retinoids as ligands of the small heterodimer partner (SHP). J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:943-56. [PMID: 20882396 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP) is an orphan nuclear receptor and an atypical member of the nuclear receptor superfamily Since its discovery, a growing body of evidences have pointed out a pivotal role for SHP in the transcriptional regulation of a variety of target genes involved in diverse metabolic pathways. While we have previously developed a homology model of the structure of SHP that was instrumental to identify a putative ligand binding pocket and suggest the possibility of the development of synthetic modulators, others reported that some atypical retinoids may represent the first synthetic ligands for this receptor. In this work, we report a combined computational approach aimed at shedding further lights on the binding mode and mechanism of action of some atypical retinoids as ligands of SHP. The results have been instrumental to design mutagenesis experiments whose preliminary data suggest the presence of a functional site in SHP as defined by residues Phe96, Arg138 and Arg238. While further experimental studies are ongoing, these findings constitute the basis for the design and identification of novel synthetic modulators of SHP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cellanetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Italy
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16
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Serguchev YA, Ponomarenko MV, Lourie LF, Fokin AA. Transannular additions of selectfluor and xenon difluoride: regioselectivity and mechanism. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Ponomarenko MV, Serguchev YA, Röschenthaler GV. The reactions of 3,7-dimethylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, norbornadiene and cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene with pentafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl chloride. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Farhana L, Dawson MI, Dannenberg JH, Xu L, Fontana JA. SHP and Sin3A expression are essential for adamantyl-substituted retinoid-related molecule-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB activation, c-Fos/c-Jun expression, and cellular apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1625-35. [PMID: 19509248 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that the adamantyl-substituted retinoid-related molecules bind to the small heterodimer partner (SHP) as well as the Sin3A complex. In this report, we delineated the role of SHP and the Sin3A complex in 4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC)-mediated inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis. We examined the effect of loss of SHP and Sin3A expression in a number of cell types on 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis induction, 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, and 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated increase in c-Fos and c-Jun expression. We found that loss of SHP or Sin3A expression, while blocking 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis, had little effect on 3-Cl-AHPC inhibition of cellular proliferation. We have previously shown that 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated NF-kappaB activation is necessary for apoptosis induction. We have now shown that 3-Cl-AHPC-enhanced c-Fos and c-Jun expression is also essential for maximal 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis. 3-Cl-AHPC induction of c-Fos and c-Jun expression as well as NF-kappaB activation was dependent on SHP protein levels. In turn, SHP levels are regulated by Sin3A because ablation of Sin3A resulted in a decrease in SHP expression. Thus, SHP and Sin3A play an important role in adamantyl-substituted retinoid-related induction of cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Farhana
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Oncology 11M-HO, 4646 John R. Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Pérez-Rodríguez S, Ortiz MA, Pereira R, Rodríguez-Barrios F, de Lera AR, Piedrafita FJ. Highly twisted adamantyl arotinoids: synthesis, antiproliferative effects and RXR transactivation profiles. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:2434-46. [PMID: 19216008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid-related molecules with an adamantyl group (adamantyl arotinoids) have been described with selective activities towards the retinoid receptors as agonists for NR1B2 and NR1B3 (RARbeta,gamma) (CD437, MX3350-1) or RAR antagonists (MX781) that induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Since these molecules induce apoptosis independently of RAR transactivation, we set up to synthesize novel analogs with impaired RAR binding. Here we describe adamantyl arotinoids with 2,2'-disubstituted biaryl rings prepared using the Suzuki coupling of the corresponding fragments. Those with cinnamic and naphthoic acid end groups showed significant antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines, and this effect correlated with the induction of apoptosis as measured by caspase activity. Strikingly, some of these compounds, whereas devoid of RAR binding capacity, were able to activate RXR.
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20
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Liu J, Zhou W, Li SS, Sun Z, Lin B, Lang YY, He JY, Cao X, Yan T, Wang L, Lu J, Han YH, Cao Y, Zhang XK, Zeng JZ. Modulation of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77-mediated apoptotic pathway by acetylshikonin and analogues. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8871-80. [PMID: 18974131 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin derivatives, which are the active components of the medicinal plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon, exhibit many biological effects including apoptosis induction through undefined mechanisms. We recently discovered that orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 migrates from the nucleus to the mitochondria, where it binds to Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. Here, we report that certain shikonin derivatives could modulate the Nur77/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway by increasing levels of Nur77 protein and promoting its mitochondrial targeting in cancer cells. Structural modification of acetylshikonin resulted in the identification of a derivative 5,8-diacetoxyl-6-(1'-acetoxyl-4'-methyl-3'-pentenyl)-1,4-naphthaquinones (SK07) that exhibited improved efficacy and specificity in activating the pathway. Unlike other Nur77 modulators, shikonins increased the levels of Nur77 protein through their posttranscriptional regulation. The apoptotic effect of SK07 was impaired in Nur77 knockout cells and suppressed by cotreatment with leptomycin B that inhibited Nur77 cytoplasmic localization. Furthermore, SK07 induced apoptosis in cells expressing the COOH-terminal half of Nur77 protein but not its NH(2)-terminal region. Our data also showed that SK07-induced apoptosis was associated with a Bcl-2 conformational change and Bax activation. Together, our results show that certain shikonin derivatives act as modulators of the Nur77-mediated apoptotic pathway and identify a new shikonin-based lead that targets Nur77 for apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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21
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Xiao ZP, Lv PC, Xu SP, Zhu TT, Zhu HL. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3-Arylquinolines. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1516-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Dawson MI, Xia Z, Jiang T, Ye M, Fontana JA, Farhana L, Patel B, Xue LP, Bhuiyan M, Pellicciari R, Macchiarulo A, Nuti R, Zhang XK, Han YH, Tautz L, Hobbs PD, Jong L, Waleh N, Chao WR, Feng GS, Pang Y, Su Y. Adamantyl-substituted retinoid-derived molecules that interact with the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner: effects of replacing the 1-adamantyl or hydroxyl group on inhibition of cancer cell growth, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibition of SRC homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5650-62. [PMID: 18759424 DOI: 10.1021/jm800456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(E)-4-[3-(1-Adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC) induces the cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of leukemia and cancer cells. Studies demonstrated that 3-Cl-AHPC bound to the atypical orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP). Although missing a DNA-binding domain, SHP heterodimerizes with the ligand-binding domains of other nuclear receptors to repress their abilities to induce or inhibit gene expression. 3-Cl-AHPC analogues having the 1-adamantyl and phenolic hydroxyl pharmacophoric elements replaced with isosteric groups were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibition of proliferation and induction of human cancer cell apoptosis. Structure-anticancer activity relationship studies indicated the importance of both groups to apoptotic activity. Docking of 3-Cl-AHPC and its analogues to an SHP computational model that was based on the crystal structure of ultraspiracle complexed with 1-stearoyl-2-palmitoylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine suggested why these 3-Cl-AHPC groups could influence SHP activity. Inhibitory activity against Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp-2) was also assessed. The most active Shp-2 inhibitor was found to be the 3'-(3,3-dimethylbutynyl) analogue of 3-Cl-AHPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia I Dawson
- Cancer Center and Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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23
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Lorenzo P, Alvarez R, Ortiz MA, Alvarez S, Piedrafita FJ, de Lera ÁR. Inhibition of IκB Kinase-β and Anticancer Activities of Novel Chalcone Adamantyl Arotinoids. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5431-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Rosana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Maria A. Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, California 92121
| | - F. Javier Piedrafita
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ángel R. de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, California 92121
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24
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Le TC, Berlin KD, Benson SD, Eastman MA, Bell-Eunice G, Nelson AC, Benbrook DM. Heteroarotinoids with anti-cancer activity against ovarian cancer cells. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2007; 1:11-23. [PMID: 19662136 PMCID: PMC2709466 DOI: 10.2174/1874104500701010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Flex-Het compound 10a (SHetA2-NSC 721689) {[4-nitrophenylamino][(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)amino]methane-1-thione]} has shown promise in preclinical testing as an anti-cancer agent without evidence of toxicity, skin irritancy, or teratogenicity. One objective of this study was to synthesize a series of heteroarotinoids structurally related to SHetA2 and to measure the effect of structural alterations on the cytotoxicity activities of the compounds on A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Alterations included comparisons of activity of an NO2 end group versus a CO2Et end group, a thiourea linker versus a urea linker, and a distorted, thiochroman ring unit versus a planar quinoline ring unit. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the thiourea linker compounds to be similar in potency to the urea linker counterparts, the NO2 substitutions were slightly more potent than the CO2Et substitutions, and replacement of the thiochroman group with a planar quinoline fused ring system markedly reduced activity. The mechanism of cytotoxicity through apoptosis was confirmed for the compounds. The optimal combination of structural features for enhancing potency consisted of a urea linker, a NO2 substitution, and a flexible thiochroman unit. Extensive H-bonding in the more active urea derivative was confirmed by X-ray and NMR analyses. This is the first example in which the biological activity of flexible, thiochroman units is compared to that of fused aryl units in a heteroarotinoid molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh C Le
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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25
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Altucci L, Leibowitz MD, Ogilvie KM, de Lera AR, Gronemeyer H. RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:793-810. [PMID: 17906642 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are ligand-controlled transcription factors that function as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) to regulate cell growth and survival. The success of RAR modulation in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) has stimulated considerable interest in the development of RAR and RXR modulators. This has been aided by recent advances in the understanding of the biological role of RARs and RXRs and in the design of selective receptor modulators that might overcome the limitations of current drugs. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for therapeutic strategies based on RXR and RAR modulators, with a focus on cancer and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Vico Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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26
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Dawson MI, Xia Z, Liu G, Ye M, Fontana JA, Farhana L, Patel BB, Arumugarajah S, Bhuiyan M, Zhang XK, Han YH, Stallcup WB, Fukushi JI, Mustelin T, Tautz L, Su Y, Harris DL, Waleh N, Hobbs PD, Jong L, Chao WR, Schiff LJ, Sani BP. An adamantyl-substituted retinoid-derived molecule that inhibits cancer cell growth and angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and binds to small heterodimer partner nuclear receptor: effects of modifying its carboxylate group on apoptosis, proliferation, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2622-39. [PMID: 17489579 PMCID: PMC2528874 DOI: 10.1021/jm0613323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic and antiproliferative activities of small heterodimer partner (SHP) nuclear receptor ligand (E)-4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC), which was derived from 6-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (AHPN), and several carboxyl isosteric or hydrogen bond-accepting analogues were examined. 3-Cl-AHPC continued to be the most effective apoptotic agent, whereas tetrazole, thiazolidine-2,4-dione, methyldinitrile, hydroxamic acid, boronic acid, 2-oxoaldehyde, and ethyl phosphonic acid hydrogen bond-acceptor analogues were inactive or less efficient inducers of KG-1 acute myeloid leukemia and MDA-MB-231 breast, H292 lung, and DU-145 prostate cancer cell apoptosis. Similarly, 3-Cl-AHPC was the most potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. 4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorophenyltetrazole, (2E)-5-{2-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-2-chloro-4'-hydroxy-4-biphenyl]ethenyl}-1H-tetrazole, 5-{4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorobenzylidene}thiazolidine-2,4-dione, and (3E)-4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-2-chloro-4'-hydroxy-4-biphenyl]-2-oxobut-3-enal were very modest inhibitors of KG-1 proliferation. The other analogues were minimal inhibitors. Fragment-based QSAR analyses relating the polar termini with cancer cell growth inhibition revealed that length and van der Waals electrostatic surface potential were the most influential features on activity. 3-Cl-AHPC and the 3-chlorophenyltetrazole and 3-chlorobenzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues were also able to inhibit SHP-2 protein-tyrosine phosphatase, which is elevated in some leukemias. 3-Cl-AHPC at 1.0 microM induced human microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis but did not inhibit cell migration or tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia I Dawson
- Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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27
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New synthetic approach to atypical retinoids: application of a versatile annulation procedure. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Farhana L, Dawson MI, Leid M, Wang L, Moore DD, Liu G, Xia Z, Fontana JA. Adamantyl-substituted retinoid-related molecules bind small heterodimer partner and modulate the Sin3A repressor. Cancer Res 2007; 67:318-25. [PMID: 17210713 PMCID: PMC2833172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (CD437/AHPN) and 4-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC/MM002) are inducers of apoptosis of malignant cells both in vitro and in vivo. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for how these compounds exert this effect. This report shows that AHPN/3-Cl-AHPC binds specifically to the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2), and this binding promotes interaction of the receptor with a corepressor complex that minimally contains Sin3A, N-CoR, histone deacetylase 4, and HSP90. Formation of the SHP-Sin3A complex is essential for the ability of AHPN and 3-Cl-AHPC to induce apoptosis, as both knockout SHP and knockdown of Sin3A compromise the proapoptotic activity of these compounds but not other apoptosis inducers. These results suggest that AHPN/3-Cl-AHPC and their analogues are SHP ligands and their induction of apoptosis is mediated by their binding to the SHP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Farhana
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Mark Leid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gang Liu
- Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Zeben Xia
- Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph A. Fontana
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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29
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Ponomarenko MV, Serguchev YA, Ponomarenko BV, Röschenthaler GV, Fokin AA. Experimental and theoretical studies on the transannular cyclizations of 3,7-dimethylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with polyfluoroalkyl radicals. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Stebbins JL, Jung D, Leone M, Zhang XK, Pellecchia M. A structure-based approach to retinoid X receptor-alpha inhibition. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:16643-8. [PMID: 16606625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600318200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe a structure-based approach designed to identify novel ligands for retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha). By using a virtual approach based on a modified scoring function, we have selected 200 potential candidates on the basis of their predicted ability of docking into the ligand-binding site of the target. Subsequent experimental verification of the compounds in in vitro and cell-based assays led to the identification of a number of novel high affinity ligands for RXRalpha. The compounds are capable of displacing 9-cis-retinoic acid with IC(50) values in the 10 nm and 5 mum range and exhibit marked antagonistic activity in cellular assays. The inhibitory scaffolds discovered with this method form the basis for the development of novel RXRalpha ligands with potential therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Stebbins
- Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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31
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Roy S, Eastman A, Gribble GW. Synthesis of bisindolylmaleimides related to GF109203x and their efficient conversion to the bioactive indolocarbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3228-34. [PMID: 17036110 DOI: 10.1039/b607504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From a structure-activity relationship perspective, the new indolocarbazoles 11 and 12 have been synthesized and evaluated biologically as novel Chk1 inhibitors. Compounds 11 and 12 were synthesized in high yield from indole via bisindolylmaleimides 18 and 24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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32
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33
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Kagechika H, Shudo K. Synthetic Retinoids: Recent Developments Concerning Structure and Clinical Utility. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5875-83. [PMID: 16161990 DOI: 10.1021/jm0581821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kagechika
- School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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34
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Cincinelli R, Dallavalle S, Nannei R, Carella S, De Zani D, Merlini L, Penco S, Garattini E, Giannini G, Pisano C, Vesci L, Carminati P, Zuco V, Zanchi C, Zunino F. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of a New Series of Retinoid-Related Biphenyl-4-ylacrylic Acids Endowed with Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activity. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4931-46. [PMID: 16033272 DOI: 10.1021/jm049440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atypical retinoids (AR) represent a class of proapoptotic agents with promising potential in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. In the present work 4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-ylacrylic acids were studied as a novel series of AR. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (NB4) and in an ovarian carcinoma cell system including IGROV-1, carrying a functional wild-type p53, and a cisplatin-resistant subline, IGROV-1/Pt-1. The presence of a bulky lipophilic group at position 3' (adamantan-1-yl being the best) and the E configuration of the acrylic moiety appear essential for activity below 1 muM. No substitution on the rings or on the double bond improved the activity. A qualitative correlation between the log P and molecular volume of the 3'-substituent and the antiproliferative activity was found. From the study of a few selected compounds, it appears that the presence of the carboxylic group is an essential requirement for apoptogenic properties but not for antiproliferative activity, this being maintained in amide derivatives. On the other hand, compounds able to induce apoptosis produced a detectable level of genotoxic damage. This observation supports the hypothesis that the genotoxic stress is a critical event mediating apoptosis induction by compounds of this class. Among the compounds investigated, E-3-(3'-adamantan-1-yl-4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid (2) was chosen for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Cincinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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35
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Farhana L, Dawson MI, Fontana JA. Apoptosis Induction by a Novel Retinoid-Related Molecule Requires Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4909-17. [PMID: 15930313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation has been shown to be both antiapoptotic and proapoptotic depending on the stimulus and the specific cell type involved. NF-kappaB activation has also been shown to be essential for apoptosis induction by a number of agents. The novel retinoid-related molecule 4-[3-Cl-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC) activates NF-kappaB with subsequent apoptosis in a number of cell types. We have found that NF-kappaB activation is essential for 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis. 3-Cl-AHPC activates NF-kappaB through IKKalpha kinase activation and the subsequent degradation of IkappaB alpha. IKKalpha kinase activation is associated with IKKalpha-enhanced binding to HSP90. The HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin enhances the degradation of IKKalpha and blocks 3-Cl-AHPC activation of NF-kappaB and 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of IkappaB alpha degradation using a dominant-negative IkappaB alpha inhibits 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis. NF-kappaB p65 activation is essential for 3-Cl-AHPC apoptosis induction as evidenced by the fact that inhibition of p65 activation utilizing the inhibitor helenalin or loss of p65 expression block 3-Cl-AHPC-mediated apoptosis. NF-kappaB has been shown to be antiapoptotic through its enhanced expression of a number of antiapoptotic proteins including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), c-IAP1, and Bcl-X(L). Whereas exposure to 3-Cl-AHPC results in NF-kappaB activation, it inhibits the expression of XIAP, c-IAP1, and Bcl-X(L) and enhances the expression of proapoptotic molecules, including the death receptors DR4 and DR5 as well as Fas and Rip1. Thus, 3-Cl-AHPC, which is under preclinical development, has pleotrophic effects on malignant cells resulting in their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Farhana
- John D Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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