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Janssens J, Van der Eycken J, Van Calenbergh S. Ceramide-Templated Macrolactams: Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Macrocyclic α-Galactosylceramide Analogues and their Aglycons. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Janssens
- Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B -9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B -9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B -9000 Ghent Belgium
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2
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Nicolaou KC, Valiulin RA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new paclitaxel analogs and discovery of potent antitumor agents. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4154-63. [PMID: 23685867 PMCID: PMC3712363 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 10-deacetylbaccatin III (III) and its 7-TES derivative (IV) with DAST under various conditions resulted in the formation of an array of new fluorinated and non-fluorinated 13-keto taxoid compounds (2a–4a) through a vinylogous pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement. Further fluorination of some of these products (2a, 3a) with NFSi or Selectfluor gave additional derivatives. Sodium borohydride reduction of the 13-keto group of these products (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 8, 9, 11–14) led to a series of 9α-hydroxy taxoid derivatives, which were esterified using the docetaxel side chain employing the corresponding protected β-lactam, followed by deprotection to furnish a library of docetaxel analogs and related compounds. A selected number of synthesized compounds (7, 10, 19a, 19b, 21a, 21b, 23, 27, 29, 34–36) were submitted to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 cell line screening program and tested for cytotoxic properties. Taxoids 19a, 19b, 21a, 21b, 23, 27, 29, 34 and 35 were found to exhibit significant anticancer activity against various cancerous cell lines with 23, 27, and 29 being the most potent compounds, demonstrating GI50 values of ≤5 nM in several assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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3
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Analogue-based drug discovery: Contributions to medicinal chemistry principles and drug design strategies. Microtubule stabilizers as a case in point (Special Topic Article). PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-02-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of utilizing marketed drugs as starting points to discover new therapeutic agents have been well documented within the IUPAC series of books that bear the title Analogue-based Drug Discovery (ABDD). Not as clearly demonstrated, however, is that ABDD also contributes to the elaboration of new basic principles and alternative drug design strategies that are useful to the field of medicinal chemistry in general. After reviewing the ABDD programs that have evolved around the area of microtubule-stabilizing chemo-therapeutic agents, the present article delineates the associated research activities that additionally contributed to general strategies that can be useful for prodrug design, identifying pharmacophores, circumventing multidrug resistance (MDR), and achieving targeted drug distribution.
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Contini A, Cappelletti G, Cartelli D, Fontana G, Gelmi ML. Molecular dynamics and tubulin polymerization kinetics study on 1,14-heterofused taxanes: evidence of stabilization of the tubulin head-to-tail dimer–dimer interaction. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:3254-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25326g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Lattmann E, Kinchington D, Dunn S, Singh H, Ayuko WO, Tisdale MJ. Cytotoxicity of 3,4-dihalogenated 2(5H)-furanones. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:1163-70. [PMID: 15324485 DOI: 10.1211/0022357044201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mucohalogen acids have been used for the preparation of a variety of 3,4-dihalogenated 2(5H)-furanones. In one synthetic step the carbamates 2a-c and the pseudoanhydrides 4a-e were prepared using isocyanates and acid anhydrides. A series of 5-alkoxylated 3,4-dichloro-2(5H)-furanones 5a-o have been synthesized with a wide range of lipophilicity, using the hydroxy-form of mucohalogen acids 1a and 1b. The 5-allyl-3,4-dichloro-2(5H)-furanone 5f was derived into the dihydro-isoxazol 6 and the oxirane 7. The methyl ester 5a was converted with ammonia into the tetramic acid chloride 11. The pseudo acid chloride 3 was reacted further into the bis aziridine 8. Reduction of the mucochloric acid 1a furnished the trichlorofuranone 3. The cytotoxicity of these simple and bis-cyclic butenolides have been evaluated in tissue culture on MAC13 and MAC16 cancer cell lines using the MTT cytotoxicity assay. The ester 5g, the acetate 4b and the carbamate 2b displayed a cytotoxicity in the low micromolar range. Further, an IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of 50 nM and 30 nM was determined for the epoxide 7 and the aziridine 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Biomedical Division, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Sun L, Simmerling C, Ojima I. Recent advances in the study of the bioactive conformation of taxol. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:719-31. [PMID: 19360801 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is one of the most important chemotherapeutic drugs in the fight against cancer. This minireview covers the recent advances in the study of the bioactive conformation of paclitaxel in tubulin/microtubules. The tubulin-bound structure of paclitaxel has been studied by means of photoaffinity labeling, cryo-electron microscopy, solid-state NMR, molecular modeling, MD simulations and the synthesis of conformationally restrained analogues and paclitaxel mimics. The bioactive conformation of paclitaxel is important since it could provide critical information that would allow the design of novel analogues with simpler structures and/or increased potency against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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7
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Sree Lakshmi C, Rehaman H, Rao AB. A chemoenzymatic synthesis of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]-oxazocine-3,5-dione and its derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Fang WS, Wang SR. Structural studies of taxol analogues for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:1109-22. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Abstract
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Recent research on the chemistry of natural products from the author’s group that led to the receipt of the ACS Ernest Guenther Award in the Chemistry of Natural Products is reviewed. REDOR NMR and synthetic studies established the T-taxol conformation as the bioactive tubulin-binding conformation, and these results were confirmed by the synthesis of compounds which clearly owed their activity or lack of activity to whether or not they could adopt the T-taxol conformation. Similar studies with the epothilones suggest that the current tubulin-binding model needs to be modified. Examples of natural products discovery and biodiversity conservation in Suriname and Madagascar are also presented, and it is concluded that natural products chemistry will continue to make significant contributions to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Molecular modeling approaches to study the binding mode on tubulin of microtubule destabilizing and stabilizing agents. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 286:279-328. [PMID: 23563616 DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin targeting agents constitute an important class of anticancer drugs. By acting either as microtubule stabilizers or destabilizers, they disrupt microtubule dynamics, thus inducing mitotic arrest and, ultimately, cell death by apoptosis. Three different binding sites, whose exact location on tubulin has been experimentally detected, have been identified so far for antimitotic compound targeting microtubules, namely the taxoid, the colchicine and the vinka alkaloid binding site. A number of ligand- and structure-based molecular modeling studies in this field has been reported over the years, aimed at elucidating the binding modes of both stabilizing and destabilizing agent, as well as the molecular features responsible for their efficacious interaction with tubulin. Such studies are described in this review, focusing on information provided by different modeling approaches on the structural determinants of antitubulin agents and the interactions with the binding pockets on tubulin emerged as fundamental for antitumor activity.To describe molecular modeling approaches applied to date to molecules known to bind microtubules, this paper has been divided into two main parts: microtubule destabilizing (Part 1) and stabilizing (Part 2) agents. The first part includes structure-based and ligand-based approaches to study molecules targeting colchicine (1.1) and vinca alkaloid (1.2) binding sites, respectively. In the second part, the studies performed on microtubule-stabilizing antimitotic agents (MSAA) are described. Starting from the first representative compound of this class, paclitaxel, molecular modeling studies (quantitative structure-activity relationships - QSAR - and structure-based approaches), performed on natural compounds acting with the same mechanism of action and temptative common pharmacophoric hypotheses for all of these compounds, are reported.
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Paik Y, Yang C, Metaferia B, Tang S, Bane S, Ravindra R, Shanker N, Alcaraz AA, Johnson SA, Schaefer J, O'Connor RD, Cegelski L, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Rotational-echo double-resonance NMR distance measurements for the tubulin-bound Paclitaxel conformation. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:361-70. [PMID: 17212416 PMCID: PMC2432525 DOI: 10.1021/ja0656604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The important anticancer drug Taxol (paclitaxel, PTX) owes its unique activity to its ability to bind to tubulin in a stoichiometric ratio and promote its assembly into microtubules. The conformation of the microtubule-bound drug has been the focus of numerous research efforts, since the inability of polymerized tubulin to form crystals precludes structure proof by X-ray crystallography. Likewise, although the alpha,beta-tubulin dimer structure has been solved by electron crystallography, the 3.7 A resolution is too low to permit direct determination of either ligand conformation or binding pose. In this article, we present experimental results from 2H{19F} REDOR NMR that provide direct confirmation that paclitaxel adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younkee Paik
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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12
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Ganesh T, Yang C, Norris A, Glass T, Bane S, Ravindra R, Banerjee A, Metaferia B, Thomas SL, Giannakakou P, Alcaraz AA, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Evaluation of the tubulin-bound paclitaxel conformation: synthesis, biology, and SAR studies of C-4 to C-3' bridged paclitaxel analogues. J Med Chem 2007; 50:713-25. [PMID: 17263521 PMCID: PMC2585518 DOI: 10.1021/jm061071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The important anticancer drug paclitaxel binds to the beta-subunit of the alphabeta-tubulin dimer in the microtubule in a stoichiometric ratio, promoting microtubule polymerization and stability. The conformation of microtubule-bound drug has been the subject of intense study, and various suggestions have been proposed. In previous work we presented experimental and theoretical evidence that paclitaxel adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin. In this study we report additional experimental data and calculations that delineate the allowable parameters for effective paclitaxel-tubulin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Andrew Norris
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Tom Glass
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Susan Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
| | - Rudravajhala Ravindra
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Belhu Metaferia
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Shala L. Thomas
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Ana A. Alcaraz
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - James P. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 540-231-6570. Fax: 540-231-3255. E-mail:
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Tang S, Yang C, Brodie P, Bane S, Ravindra R, Sharma S, Jiang Y, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Bridging converts a noncytotoxic nor-paclitaxel derivative to a cytotoxic analogue by constraining it to the T-Taxol conformation. Org Lett 2006; 8:3983-6. [PMID: 16928054 PMCID: PMC2562586 DOI: 10.1021/ol061438s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the bridged A-nor-paclitaxel 4 has been achieved from paclitaxel in a key test of the T-Taxol conformational hypothesis. Although the unbridged A-nor-paclitaxel 3 is essentially noncytotoxic, the bridged analogue 4 is strongly cytotoxic. This result provides strong evidence for the T-Taxol conformation as the bioactive tubulin-binding conformation of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Larroque AL, Dubois J, Thoret S, Aubert G, Guénard D, Guéritte F. Novel C2-C3' N-peptide linked macrocyclic taxoids. Part 1: Synthesis and biological activities of docetaxel analogues with a peptide side chain at C3'. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4722-6. [PMID: 16165352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel docetaxel analogues possessing a peptide side chain at the C3'-N position was synthesized. These compounds were designed to mimic a region of the alpha-tubulin loop that is equivalent to the paclitaxel binding pocket in beta-tubulin. Eight new peptidic taxoids were obtained and evaluated as inhibitors of microtubule disassembly, as well as for their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Larroque
- Institut de Chimie des Substanes Naturelles, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: annual survey covering the year 2003. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Querolle O, Dubois J, Thoret S, Roussi F, Guéritte F, Guénard D. Synthesis of C2-C3'N-linked macrocyclic taxoids. Novel docetaxel analogues with high tubulin activity. J Med Chem 2005; 47:5937-44. [PMID: 15537348 DOI: 10.1021/jm0497996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel C2-C3'N-linked macrocyclic taxoids 4 bearing an aromatic ring at position C2 were synthesized. These compounds, tethered between N3' and the C2-aromatic ring at the ortho, meta, or para position, were constructed by ring-closing metathesis. The para-substituted derivatives were unable to stabilize microtubules, whereas the ortho- and meta-substituted compounds show significant activity in cold-induced microtubule disassembly assay. The meta derivative 4c is the first C2-C3'-linked cyclic analogue to be equipotent to paclitaxel in this assay and to show significant cytotoxicity. Computational studies of the conformational behavior of these compounds indicate that they can adopt several conformations including mainly the "T-shaped" forms. Docking experiments have shown that the "T-shaped" form is preferred for a good interaction of these compounds with the beta-tubulin binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Querolle
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Liu C, Schilling JK, Ravindra R, Bane S, Kingston DGI. Syntheses and bioactivities of macrocyclic paclitaxel bis-lactones. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:6147-61. [PMID: 15519159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five macrocyclic paclitaxel bis-lactones and their corresponding open chain taxoids were synthesized as models of the tubulin-binding conformation of paclitaxel. Macrocyclic lactones with a 19-21-membered ring underwent isomerization to form smaller rings. The lactones were evaluated for cytotoxicity and tubulin-polymerization ability. All five macrocyclic paclitaxel lactones were active, but less so than paclitaxel, while the rearranged macrocyclic lactones and the corresponding open-chain taxoids were much less active or inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Ganesh T, Guza RC, Bane S, Ravindra R, Shanker N, Lakdawala AS, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. The bioactive Taxol conformation on beta-tubulin: experimental evidence from highly active constrained analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10006-11. [PMID: 15226503 PMCID: PMC454156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403459101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The important anticancer drug Taxol (paclitaxel) binds to tubulin in a stoichiometric ratio and promotes its assembly into microtubules. The conformation of microtubule-bound drug has been the subject of intense study, and various suggestions have been made. In this work we present experimental and theoretical evidence that Taxol adopts a T-shaped conformation when it is bound to tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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