1
|
Zhang JY, Sun JF, Nie P, Herdewijn P, Wang YT. Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule inhibitors of Janus kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115848. [PMID: 37793326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways, particularly in cytokine-mediated signal transduction, making them attractive therapeutic targets for a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting JAK family of proteins in various clinical trials. It also discusses the mechanisms of action, specificity, and selectivity of these inhibitors, shedding light on the challenges associated with achieving target selectivity while minimizing off-target effects. Moreover, the review offers insights into the clinical applications of JAK inhibitors, summarizing the ongoing clinical trials and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved JAK inhibitors currently available for various diseases. Overall, this review provides a thorough examination of the synthesis and clinical use of typical small-molecule JAK inhibitors in different clinical stages and offers a bright future for the development of novel small-molecule JAK inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan S, Zhang L, Luo X, Nan J, Yang W, Bin H, Li Y, Huang Q, Wang T, Pan Z, Mu B, Wang F, Tian C, Liu Y, Li L, Yang S. Structural Optimization and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 6,6-Dimethyl-4-(phenylamino)-6 H-pyrimido[5,4- b][1,4]oxazin-7(8 H)-one Derivatives as A New Class of Potent Inhibitors of Pan-Trk and Their Drug-Resistant Mutants. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2035-2058. [PMID: 35080890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) are attractive therapeutic targets for multiple cancers. Two first-generation small-molecule Trks inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, have just been approved to use clinically. However, the drug-resistance mutations of Trks have already emerged, which calls for new-generation Trks inhibitors. Herein, we report the structural optimization and structure-activity relationship studies of 6,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylamino)-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]oxazin-7(8H)-one derivatives as a new class of pan-Trk inhibitors. The prioritized compound 11g exhibited low nanomolar IC50 values against TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC and various drug-resistant mutants. It also showed good kinase selectivity. 11g displayed excellent in vitro antitumor activity and strongly suppressed Trk-mediated signaling pathways in intact cells. In in vivo studies, compound 11g exhibited good antitumor activity in BaF3-TEL-TrkA and BaF3-TEL-TrkCG623R allograft mouse models without exhibiting apparent toxicity. Collectively, 11g could be a promising lead compound for drug discovery targeting Trks and deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jinshan Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huachao Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Falu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahin R, Mansi I, Swellmeen L, Alwidyan T, Al-Hashimi N, Al-Qarar'h Y, Shaheen O. Ligand-based computer aided drug design reveals new tropomycin receptor kinase a (TrkA) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:327-352. [PMID: 29454290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting tropomycin kinase A (TrkA) by small molecule inhibitors is considered as a promising strategy for treating several human cancers. To achieve this goal, a ligand based QSAR model was applied using the Discovery studio 4.5 (DS 4.5). Hence, a total list of 161 TrkA inhibitors was investigated. The TrkA inhibitors were extensively explored to detect their optimal physicochemical properties and pharmacophoric binding modes, which were converted into numeric descriptors and allowed to compete within the context of the Genetic Function Algorithm (GFA) approximations to find the subset of terms that correlates best with the activity. The resulted successful QSAR equation had statistical criteria of (r2129=0.67, r2LOO=0.61 r2PRESS against 32 external test inhibitors=0.50). Afterwards, the most successful pharmacophore: HypoB-T5-3, was used to screen compounds within the National Cancer institute (NCI) database. Only 41 compounds were retrieved and 21 of them exhibited anti-TrkA activity. The most potent hit had an IC50 value of 2.4μM. Later, upon docking the active hits into the TrkA binding pocket, important interactions were revealed including hydrogen bonding with the amino acids Asp668 and Lys544 in addition to the cation-π interactions with the sidechain of Arg559.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rand Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Iman Mansi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Lubna Swellmeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Tahani Alwidyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nabil Al-Hashimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yaser Al-Qarar'h
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu L, Deng G, Liang Y. Synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles from 2-(2-halophenyl)-indoles and iodobenzenes via palladium-catalyzed dual C–H functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6808-6812. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01638g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient approach to synthesize dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling tandem reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Guobo Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Yun Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Norman BH, McDermott JS. Targeting the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Pathway in Drug Discovery. Potential Applications to New Therapies for Chronic Pain. J Med Chem 2016; 60:66-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan H. Norman
- Discovery Chemistry
Research and Technologies and ‡Neurophysiology, Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Lilly
Corporate Center, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeff S. McDermott
- Discovery Chemistry
Research and Technologies and ‡Neurophysiology, Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Lilly
Corporate Center, Indiana 46285, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leitão A, Schramm A, Eggert A. Discovery of a new bioactive molecule for neuroblastoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:233-41. [PMID: 23601248 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a common pediatric malignancy of neural crest origin, is unique in its wide spectrum of clinical and biological behavior, ranging from spontaneous regression or differentiation to rapid progression and metastasis. Overexpression of neurotrophin receptors of the tyrosine kinase (Trk) family has been identified as a major prognostic and biological factor for this disease. Novel molecules were selected using cheminformatics tools (structure-based virtual screening and ligand-based virtual screening) and screened in cell-based assays to modulate Trk receptor activity. One compound (C390-0031) had a potent antiproliferative activity in dose-response studies using neuroblastoma cell lines. The molecular effects of this molecule were further characterized by using cell cycle and Western blot analysis. Interestingly, despite the presence of the anchoring fragment to the Trk kinase domain composing its structure, this molecule does not inhibit TrkA like lestaurtinib, constituting a new chemical with a yet unknown mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Leitão
- OncoLab - Hematological-Oncological Laboratory, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JY, Ryu CJ, Park H. Effects of Tropomyosin-Related Kinase A Inhibitors on the Proliferation of Human Lung Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Hong S, Kim J, Seo JH, Jung KH, Hong SS, Hong S. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 3,5-Disubstituted 7-Azaindoles as Trk Inhibitors with Anticancer and Antiangiogenic Activities. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5337-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3002982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 400-712, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 400-712, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 400-712, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of a Novel Series of Potent TrkA Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:412614. [PMID: 25954527 PMCID: PMC4412093 DOI: 10.1155/2012/412614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of N-(3-(6-substituted-aminopyridin-3-yloxy)phenyl)-2-oxo-3-phenylimidazolidine-1-carboxamides targeting TrkA receptor tyrosine kinase was identified. SAR study of the series allowed us to design and synthesize compounds possessing inhibitory activity of TrkA kinase enzyme in the low nanomolar range with low residual activity against c-Met and with no significant activity against VEGFR2.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cacchi S, Fabrizi G, Goggiamani A, Iazzetti A. Dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles from 2-(2-bromoaryl)-3-arylindoles via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C–H functionalization/C–C bond formation process. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9142-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Park H, Chi O, Kim J, Hong S. Identification of novel inhibitors of tropomyosin-related kinase A through the structure-based virtual screening with homology-modeled protein structure. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2986-93. [PMID: 22017333 DOI: 10.1021/ci200378s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) is a promising target for the development of cancer and pain therapeutics. Here, we report the first successful example of the use of a structure-based virtual screening to identify novel TrkA inhibitors. The accuracy of the virtual screening was improved by introducing an accurate solvation free energy term into the original AutoDock scoring function. We applied a drug design protocol involving homology modeling, docking analysis of a large chemical library, and enzyme inhibition assays to identify six structurally diverse TrkA inhibitors with K(d) values ranging from 3 to 40 μM. The significant potencies and good physicochemical properties of these drug candidates strongly support their consideration in a development effort that would involve structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies to optimize the inhibitory activities. We also addressed the structural and energetic features associated with binding of the newly identified inhibitors in the ATP-binding site of TrkA. The results indicate that any structural modifications introduced for the purpose of enhancing the activity of TrkA inhibitors should maximize the attractive interactions within the ATP-binding site and simultaneously minimize the desolvation cost for complexation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Kunja-Dong, Kwangjin-Ku, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang T, Yu D, Lamb ML. Trk kinase inhibitors as new treatments for cancer and pain. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:305-19. [PMID: 19441906 DOI: 10.1517/13543770902721261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropomyosin-related kinases (Trks) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases activated by neurotrophins. Trks play important roles in pain sensation as well as tumour cell growth and survival signaling. Thus, inhibitors of Trk receptor kinases might provide targeted treatments for pain and cancer. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews those patent applications since 2002 claiming small-molecule inhibitors of Trk receptor kinases. METHODS Primary literature and patents were searched with SciFinder and Google Scholar. Patents were selected based on their relevance to Trks and were evaluated and representative compounds were listed as examples. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Several series of Trk inhibitors with excellent in vitro potencies have been reported and a number of compounds have gone into the clinic. It should be noted that few of these inhibitors are Trk selective, demonstrating that targeting Trk kinases for treatment of pain and/or cancer offers a promising but also challenging approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Cancer Discovery, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hudkins RL, Diebold JL, Tao M, Josef KA, Park CH, Angeles TS, Aimone LD, Husten J, Ator MA, Meyer SL, Holskin BP, Durkin JT, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Mathiasen JR, Bozyczko-Coyne D, Saporito MS, Scott RW, Mallamo JP. Mixed-lineage kinase 1 and mixed-lineage kinase 3 subtype-selective dihydronaphthyl[3,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5-ones: optimization, mixed-lineage kinase 1 crystallography, and oral in vivo activity in 1-methyl-4-phenyltetrahydropyridine models. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5680-9. [PMID: 18714982 DOI: 10.1021/jm8005838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of the dihydronaphthyl[3,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5-one R(2) and R(12) positions led to the identification of the first MLK1 and MLK3 subtype-selective inhibitors within the MLK family. Compounds 14 (CEP-5104) and 16 (CEP-6331) displayed good potency for MLK1 and MLK3 inhibition with a greater than 30- to 100-fold selectivity for related family members MLK2 and DLK. Compounds 14 and 16 were orally active in vivo in a mouse MPTP biochemical efficacy model that was comparable to the first-generation pan-MLK inhibitor 1 (CEP-1347). The MLK1 structure-activity relationships were supported by the first-reported X-ray crystal structure of MLK1 bound with 16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hudkins
- Discovery Research, Cephalon, Incorporated, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tripathy R, Angeles TS, Yang SX, Mallamo JP. TrkA kinase inhibitors from a library of modified and isosteric Staurosporine aglycone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3551-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Hudkins RL, Johnson NW, Angeles TS, Gessner GW, Mallamo JP. Synthesis and Mixed Lineage Kinase Activity of Pyrrolocarbazole and Isoindolone Analogs of (+)K-252a. J Med Chem 2007; 50:433-41. [PMID: 17266195 DOI: 10.1021/jm051074u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of the indolecarbazole natural product (+)K-252a identified structural requirements for MLK activity and a novel series of potent fused pyrrolocarbazole MLK1/3 inhibitors. The SAR revealed that the lactam regiochemistry, the shape of the heterocycle, and aryl rings B and F are important to MLK activity. Heteroatom and alkyl replacement of the N-12 and/or N-13 indole nitrogen atoms identified the nonplanar dihydronaphthyl[3,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-7-one (8) and corresponding 5,7-dione (7) as potent cell-permeable MLK1/3 family-selective leads with in vitro activity comparable to that of (+)K-252a and determined them to be 2- to 3-fold more potent than the aglycone natural product K-252c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hudkins
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA. rhudkins@ cephalon.com
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sánchez C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Indolocarbazole natural products: occurrence, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:1007-45. [PMID: 17119643 DOI: 10.1039/b601930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazole family of natural products, including the biosynthetically related bisindolylmaleimides, is reviewed (with 316 references cited). The isolation of indolocarbazoles from natural sources and the biosynthesis of this class of compounds are thoroughly reviewed, including recent developments in molecular genetics, enzymology and metabolic engineering. The biological activities and underlying modes of action displayed by natural and synthetic indolocarbazoles is also presented, with an emphasis on the development of analogs that have entered clinical trials for its future use against cancer or other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional & Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A.), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lippa B, Morris J, Corbett M, Kwan TA, Noe MC, Snow SL, Gant TG, Mangiaracina M, Coffey HA, Foster B, Knauth EA, Wessel MD. Discovery of novel isothiazole inhibitors of the TrkA kinase: Structure–activity relationship, computer modeling, optimization, and identification of highly potent antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3444-8. [PMID: 16632359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent inhibitors of the TrkA kinase is presented. A homology model is created to aid in the enhancement of potency and selectivity of isothiazole inhibitors found during a high-throughput screen. Three different syntheses are utilized to make diverse analogs within this series. Aminoheterocycles are found to be good urea surrogates, whereas bicyclic substituents on the C3 thio group were found to be extremely potent TrkA inhibitors in kinase and cell assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Lippa
- Pfizer Inc., PGRD Groton, MS-8220-2203 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|