1
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Nandy A, Sekar G. Transition Metal-Free Iodine-Catalyzed Denitrative C-S Cross-Coupling: An Atypical Route to Access Thiochromane Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7536-7546. [PMID: 35583473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-catalyzed denitrative C-S cross-coupling reaction has been developed to attain thiochromanones from 2'-nitrochalcones and xanthate. The strategy was extended for a three-component synthesis of thiochromenes via intermolecular C-S cross-coupling followed by aldol reaction. The reaction proceeds via activation of the keto group of chalcone through a halogen bond complex with iodine/denitrative C-S bond formation with xanthate/sulfa-Michael addition to chalcones. The methodology was also demonstrated for chemoselective reduction of chalcones. The protocol was also employed to synthesize biologically important 3'-hydroxythioflavone and thiochromenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Wang W, Bao ZP, Qi X, Wu XF. Nickel-Catalyzed One-Pot Carbonylative Synthesis of 2-Mono- and 2,3-Disubstituted Thiochromenones from 2-Bromobenzenesulfonyl Chlorides and Alkynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6589-6593. [PMID: 34370477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed one-pot carbonylation reaction of 2-bromobenzenesulfonyl chlorides with alkynes for the synthesis of thiochromenones has been established. Both terminal and internal alkynes were suitable substrates in this carbonylative transformation, and a broad range of 2-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted thiochromenone products were obtained in moderate to good yields with quite high functional group compatibility. Notably, this procedure presents the first example of nickel-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of thiochromenones with 2-bromobenzenesulfonyl chlorides as a promising sulfur precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Institution Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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3
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Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of a New Series of Spirooxindole Pyrrolidine Grafted Thiochromene Scaffolds as Potential Anticancer Agents. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13081426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new spiro-heterocycles engrafted spirooxindole/pyrrolidine/thiochromene scaffolds was synthesized by the three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions in a fully controlled regio- and stereo-selective fashion. Condensation of several substituted isatin derivatives with L-proline generated the azomethine ylides which subsequently reacted with chalcones based thiochromene scaffold, and finally afforded the target spiro-compounds. This simple protocol furnished a structurally complex, biologically relevant spiro-heterocycles in good yields through a one-pot process. All synthesized chalcone-based thiochromene, along with the spirooxindole/pyrrolidine/thiochromene scaffolds, were tested for their anticancer activity against four cancer cell lines (PC3, HeLa, MCF-7, and MDA-MB231). Toxicity of these compounds was also evaluated against human fibroblast BJ cell line, and they appeared to be not cytotoxic. For the prostate cancer (PC3) cell line, the most active hybrid, among synthesized series, was compound (7f, IC50 = 8.7 ± 0.7 µM). The most potent spirooxindole/pyrrolidine/thiochromene hybrid against cervical (HeLa) cancer cells was compound (7k, IC50 = 8.4 ± 0.5 µM) having chlorine and p-trifluoromethyl substituents attached to phenyl rings. Finally, against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines, compound (7d) was the most active member of this series (IC50 = 7.36 ± 0.37, and 9.44 ± 0.32 µM, respectively).
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4
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Saha T, Makar S, Swetha R, Gutti G, Singh SK. Estrogen signaling: An emanating therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:116-143. [PMID: 31129450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a most common malignancy in women, was known to be associated with steroid hormone estrogen. The discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) gave us not only a powerful predictive and prognostic marker, but also an efficient target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer with various estrogen ligands. ER consists of two subtypes i.e. ERα and ERβ, that are mostly G-protein-coupled receptors and activated by estrogen, specially 17β-estradiol. The activation is followed by translocation into the nucleus and binding with DNA to modulate activities of different genes. ERs can manage synthesis of RNA through genomic actions without directly binding to DNA. Receptors are tethered by protein-protein interactions to a transcription factor complex to communicate with DNA. Estrogens also exhibit nongenomic actions, a characteristic feature of steroid hormones, which are so rapid to be considered by the activation of RNA and translation. These are habitually related to stimulation of different protein kinase cascades. Majority of post-menopausal breast cancer is estrogen dependent, mostly potent biological estrogen (E2) for continuous growth and proliferation. Estrogen helps in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells. In this review we have investigated the important role of ER in development and progression of breast cancer, which is complicated by receptor's interaction with co-regulatory proteins, cross-talk with other signal transduction pathways and development of treatment strategies viz. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor down regulators (SERDs), aromatase and sulphatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India.
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5
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Sangeetha S, Sekar G. Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylthiochromenones: An in Situ Recycle of Waste Byproduct as Useful Reagent. Org Lett 2018; 21:75-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Sangeetha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Cascade reactions as efficient and universal tools for construction and modification of 6-, 5-, 4- and 3-membered sulfur heterocycles of biological relevance. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Nussbaumer P. Challenging medicinal chemistry: ups and downs in a drug discovery project. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Sosnovskikh VY. Synthesis and properties of 2-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted thiochromones. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Mechanistic study on iodine-catalyzed aromatic bromination of aryl ethers by N -Bromosuccinimide. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Bharkavi C, Vivek Kumar S, Ashraf Ali M, Osman H, Muthusubramanian S, Perumal S. A facile stereoselective synthesis of dispiro-indeno pyrrolidine/pyrrolothiazole–thiochroman hybrids and evaluation of their antimycobacterial, anticancer and AchE inhibitory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5873-5883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Uma Rani G, Vivek Kumar S, Bharkavi C, Menéndez JC, Perumal S. One-Pot Access to a Library of Dispiro Oxindole-pyrrolidine/pyrrolothiazole-thiochromane Hybrids via Three-Component 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:337-42. [PMID: 27073991 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A library of novel dispiro compounds containing oxindole pyrrolidine/oxindolopyrrolothiazole-thiochroman-4-one hybrid frameworks has been synthesized in a fully regio- and stereoselective fashion by the three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the condensation of isatins and secondary amino acids (sarcosine/l-thioproline) with 3-arylidenethiochroman-4-ones. This experimentally simple protocol provides good yields of structurally complex, biologically relevant heterocycles in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Uma Rani
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chelliah Bharkavi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Departmento
de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Subbu Perumal
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Saikia I, Borah AJ, Phukan P. Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6837-7042. [PMID: 27199233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
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13
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Shah R, Singh J, Singh D, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Sulfatase inhibitors for recidivist breast cancer treatment: A chemical review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:170-90. [PMID: 26974384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a momentous role in the conversion of sulfated steroids, which are biologically inactive, into biologically active un-sulfated steroid hormones, which support the development and growth of a number of hormone-dependent cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of STS are supposed to be potential drugs for the treatment of breast and other steroid-dependent cancers. The present review concentrates on broad chemical classification of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. The inhibitors reviewed are classified into four main categories: Steroid sulfamate based inhibitors; Steroid non-sulfamate based inhibitors; Non-steroidal sulfamate based inhibitors; Non-steroidal non-sulfamate based inhibitors. A succinct overview of current treatment of cancer, estradiol precursors, STS enzyme and its role in breast cancer is herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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14
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Lee JI, Choi JS. Practical and Versatile Synthesis of Thioflavones from 2-Bromobenzoyl Chlorides. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2015. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2015.59.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Parmar NJ, Labana BM, Barad HA, Kant R, Gupta VK. An efficient domino Knoevenagel/hetero-Diels–Alder route to some novel thiochromenoquinoline-fused polyheterocycles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ye XW, Zheng YC, Duan YC, Wang MM, Yu B, Ren JL, Ma JL, Zhang E, Liu HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin–1,2,3-triazole–dithiocarbamate hybrids as potent LSD1 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Design of novel coumarin–1,2,3-triazole–dithiocarbamate hybrids as potent LSD1 inhibitors by introducing a coumarin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Ye
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Chao Duan
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Li Ren
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lian Ma
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - En Zhang
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- New Drug Research & Development Center
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
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17
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Parmar NJ, Barad HA, Labana BM, Kant R, Gupta VK. A glycerol mediated domino reaction: an efficient, green synthesis of polyheterocycles incorporating a new thiochromeno[2,3-b]quinoline unit. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Lee JI. An Efficient Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogues of Thioflavones from Haloheteroaromatic Acids. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.4.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Maltais R, Poirier D. Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: a review covering the promising 2000-2010 decade. Steroids 2011; 76:929-48. [PMID: 21458474 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a major role in the regulation of steroid hormone concentrations in several human tissues and target organs and therefore, represents an interesting target to regulate estrogen and androgen levels implicated in different diseases. In this review article, the emphasis is put on STS inhibitors reported in the fruitful 2000-2010 decade, which consolidated the first ones that were previously developed (1990-1999). The inhibitors reviewed are divided into four categories according to the fact that they are sulfamoylated or not or that they have a steroid nucleus or not. Other topics such as function, localization, structure and mechanism as well as applications of STS inhibitors are also briefly discussed to complement the information on this crucial steroidogenic enzyme and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Endocrinology and Genomic Unit) and Laval University (Faculty of Medicine), Québec, Canada
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20
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Woo LWL, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Development of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340:175-85. [PMID: 21238537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of biologically inactive steroid sulfates to unconjugated steroids by steroid sulfatase (STS) is strongly implicated in rendering estrogenic stimulation to hormone-dependent cancers such as those of the breast. Considerable progress has been made in the past two decades with regard to the discovery, design and development of STS inhibitors. We outline historical aspects of their development, cumulating in the discovery of the first clinical trial candidate STX64 (BN83495, Irosustat) and other sulfamate-based inhibitors. The development of reversible STS inhibitors and the design of dual inhibitors of both aromatase and STS is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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21
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Lee JI, Kim MJ. A Practical Synthesis of Thioflavones and Heterocyclic Analogues by Intramolecular Rearrangement of S-2-Acetophenyl Benzothioates as a Key Step. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.4.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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23
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24
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Lin W, Yuan L, Feng J. A Dual-Channel Fluorescence-Enhanced Sensor for Aluminum Ions Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Excimer Formation. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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26
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Lin W, Yuan L, Feng J, Cao X. A Fluorescence-Enhanced Chemodosimeter for Fe3+ Based on Hydrolysis of Bis(coumarinyl) Schiff Base. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Ahmed V, Liu Y, Silvestro C, Taylor SD. Boronic acids as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8564-73. [PMID: 16973364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) catalyzes the hydrolysis of steroidal sulfates such as estrone sulfate (ES1) to the corresponding steroids and inorganic sulfate. STS is considered to be a potential target for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of steroid-dependent cancers. Two steroidal and two coumarin- and chromenone-based boronic acids were synthesized and examined as inhibitors of purified STS. The boronic acid analog of estrone sulfate bearing a boronic acid moiety at the 3-position in place of the sulfate group was a good competitive STS inhibitor with a K(i) of 2.8microM at pH 7.0 and 6.8microM at pH 8.8. The inhibition was reversible and kinetic properties corresponding to the mechanism for slow-binding inhibitors were not observed. An estradiol derivative bearing a boronic acid group at the 3-position and a benzyl group at the 17-position was a potent reversible, non-competitive STS inhibitor with a K(i) of 250nM. However, its 3-OH analog, a known STS inhibitor, exhibited an almost identical affinity for STS and also bound in a non-competitive manner. It is suggested that these compounds prefer to bind in a hydrophobic tunnel close to the entrance to the active site. The coumarin and chromenone boronic acids were modest inhibitors of STS with IC(50)s of 86 and 171microM, respectively. Surprisingly, replacing the boronic acid group of the chromenone derivative with an OH group yielded a good reversible, mixed type inhibitor with a K(i) of 4.6microM. Overall, these results suggest that the boronic acid moiety must be attached to a platform very closely resembling a natural substrate in order for it to impart a beneficial effect on binding affinity compared to its phenolic analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L 3G1
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28
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Zhang H, Yang YC, Zhang L, Fan J, Chung D, Choi D, Grecko R, Timony G, Karjian P, Boehm M, Burrows F. Dimeric ansamycins-A new class of antitumor Hsp90 modulators with prolonged inhibitory activity. Int J Cancer 2006; 120:918-26. [PMID: 17131314 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The geldanamycin derivative 17-allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is a clinical stage ATP-competitive HSP90 inhibitor that induces degradation of HSP90 client proteins. 17-AAG contains 1 ansamycin moiety and is highly potent in conventional cell killing assays. Since active Hsp90 exists as a dimer, we hypothesized that dimeric compounds containing 2 ansamycin pharmacophores might inhibit Hsp90 function more efficiently than 17-AAG. Here, we show that monomeric and dimeric ansamycins exert their activity in distinct ways. Under conditions of continuous exposure, 17-AAG induced client degradation and cell growth inhibition more readily than the dimeric drugs CF237 and CF483. By contrast, 24 hr treatment of various tumor cells with 17-AAG followed by drug washout caused temporary client degradation and cell cycle arrest but minimal cell death, whereas both dimers induced massive apoptosis. CF237 remained bound to Hsp90 for days after drug withdrawal and, while both monomeric and dimeric compounds caused accumulation of the inactive intermediate Hsp90 complex, this effect disappeared following washout of 17-AAG but not CF237. The dimer was also retained for longer in tumor xenografts and displayed superior antitumor activity in vivo. These results indicate that monomeric and dimeric Hsp90 inhibitors have distinct biological profiles and work differentially toward target inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Conforma Therapeutics Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
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Pettinari C, Marchetti F, Pettinari R, Natanti P, Drozdov A, Semenov S, Troyanov SI, Zolin V. Syntheses, spectroscopic characterization and X-ray structural studies of lanthanide complexes with adamantyl substituted 4-acylpyrazol-5-one. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pasqualini JR, Chetrite GS. Recent insight on the control of enzymes involved in estrogen formation and transformation in human breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 93:221-36. [PMID: 15860265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The great majority of breast cancers are in their early stage hormone-dependent and it is well accepted that estradiol (E2) plays an important role in the genesis and evolution of this tumor. Human breast cancer tissues contain all the enzymes: estrone sulfatase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aromatase involved in the last steps of E2 bioformation. Sulfotransferases which convert estrogens into the biologically inactive estrogen sulfates are also present in this tissue. Quantitative data show that the 'sulfatase pathway', which transforms estrogen sulfates into the bioactive unconjugated E2, is 100-500 times higher than the 'aromatase pathway', which converts androgens into estrogens. The treatment of breast cancer patients with anti-aromatases is largely developed with very positive results. However, the formation of E2 via the 'sulfatase pathway' is very important in the breast cancer tissue. In recent years it was found that antiestrogens (e.g. tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen), various progestins (e.g. promegestone, nomegestrol acetate, medrogestone, dydrogesterone, norelgestromin), tibolone and its metabolites, as well as other steroidal (e.g. sulfamates) and non-steroidal compounds, are potent sulfatase inhibitors. In another series of studies, it was found that E2 itself has a strong anti-sulfatase action. This paradoxical effect of E2 adds a new biological response of this hormone and could be related to estrogen replacement therapy in which it was observed to have either no effect or to decrease breast cancer mortality in postmenopausal women. Interesting information is that high expression of steroid sulfatase mRNA predicts a poor prognosis in patients with +ER. These progestins, as well as tibolone, can also block the conversion of estrone to estradiol by the inhibition of the 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (17beta-HSD-1). High expressison of 17beta-HSD-1 can be an indicator of adverse prognosis in ER-positive patients. It was shown that nomegestrol acetate, medrogestone, promegestone or tibolone, could stimulate the sulfotransferase activity for the local production of estrogen sulfates. This is an important point in the physiopathology of this disease, as it is well known that estrogen sulfates are biologically inactive. A possible correlation between this stimulatory effect on sulfotransferase activity and breast cancer cell proliferation is presented. In agreement with all this information, we have proposed the concept of selective estrogen enzyme modulators (SEEM). In conclusion, the blockage in the formation of estradiol via sulfatase, or the stimulatory effect on sulfotransferase activity in combination with anti-aromatases can open interesting and new possibilities in clinical applications in breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics
- 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/metabolism
- Biotransformation
- Breast/enzymology
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Estrogen Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Norpregnenes/therapeutic use
- Progesterone Congeners/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Sulfatases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sulfatases/genetics
- Sulfatases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Pasqualini
- Hormones and Cancer Research Unit, Institut de Puériculture, 26 Boulevard Brune, 75014 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Estrogen sulfatase is a microsomal enzyme and is ubiquitously distributed in several mammalian tissues, among which the liver, placenta, and endocrine tissues exhibit relatively high activity. Because the major circulating precursors of estrogen are estrone 3-sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, estrogen sulfatase plays an important role not only in their incorporation and metabolism, but also in the controls of estrogen activity by regulating the binding potential of estrogen as to its receptor through sulfoconjugation and desulfation reactions. Accordingly, an increase in sulfoconjugation through transfection of the sulfotransferase gene or inhibition of estrogen sulfatase by specific inhibitors has been successfully applied to abolish the estrogen activity in estrogen-dependent breast cancer- and uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma-derived cells. Inhibitors of estrogen sulfatase are expected to be developed as new drugs for estrogen-dependent cancer therapy, particularly in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Iwamori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences,, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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