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Mokrov GV. Multitargeting in cardioprotection: An example of biaromatic compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300196. [PMID: 37345968 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A multitarget drug design approach is actively developing in modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, especially with regard to multifactorial diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. A detailed study of many well-known drugs developed within the single-target approach also often reveals additional mechanisms of their real pharmacological action. One of the multitarget drug design approaches can be the identification of the basic pharmacophore models corresponding to a wide range of the required target ligands. Among such models in the group of cardioprotectors is the linked biaromatic system. This review develops the concept of a "basic pharmacophore" using the biaromatic pharmacophore of cardioprotectors as an example. It presents an analysis of possible biological targets for compounds corresponding to the biaromatic pharmacophore and an analysis of the spectrum of biological targets for the five most known and most studied cardioprotective drugs corresponding to this model, and their involvement in the biological effects of these drugs.
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Lazzeri G, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Fabrizi C, Morucci G, Giorgi FS, Ferrucci M, Lenzi P, Puglisi-Allegra S, Fornai F. Norepinephrine Protects against Methamphetamine Toxicity through β2-Adrenergic Receptors Promoting LC3 Compartmentalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7232. [PMID: 34281286 PMCID: PMC8269332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) neurons and extracellular NE exert some protective effects against a variety of insults, including methamphetamine (Meth)-induced cell damage. The intimate mechanism of protection remains difficult to be analyzed in vivo. In fact, this may occur directly on target neurons or as the indirect consequence of NE-induced alterations in the activity of trans-synaptic loops. Therefore, to elude neuronal networks, which may contribute to these effects in vivo, the present study investigates whether NE still protects when directly applied to Meth-treated PC12 cells. Meth was selected based on its detrimental effects along various specific brain areas. The study shows that NE directly protects in vitro against Meth-induced cell damage. The present study indicates that such an effect fully depends on the activation of plasma membrane β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Evidence indicates that β2-ARs activation restores autophagy, which is impaired by Meth administration. This occurs via restoration of the autophagy flux and, as assessed by ultrastructural morphometry, by preventing the dissipation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from autophagy vacuoles to the cytosol, which is produced instead during Meth toxicity. These findings may have an impact in a variety of degenerative conditions characterized by NE deficiency along with autophagy impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Filippo S. Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
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Deng X, Guo L, Xu L, Zhen X, Yu K, Zhao W, Fu W. Discovery of novel potent and selective ligands for 5-HT2A receptor with quinazoline scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3970-4. [PMID: 26227779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds with quinazoline scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated as novel potent 5-HT2A receptor ligands. N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-amine (5o) has a Ki value of 14.04 ± 0.21 nM, with a selectivity more than 10,000 fold over 5-HT1A receptors (D1 and D2-like receptors). The functional assay showed that this compound is an antagonist to 5-HT2A receptor with an IC50 value of 1.66 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Kunqian Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Correa-Basurto J, Vilar S. Recent structural advances of β1 and β2 adrenoceptors yield keys for ligand recognition and drug design. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8207-23. [PMID: 23862978 DOI: 10.1021/jm400471z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because they represent attractive drug targets, adrenoceptors have been widely studied. Recent progress in structural data of β-adrenoceptors allows us to understand and predict key interactions in ligand recognition and receptor activation. Nevertheless, an important aspect of this process has only begun to be explored: the stabilization of a conformational state of these receptors upon contact with a ligand and the capacity of a ligand to influence receptor conformation through allosteric modulation, biased signaling, and selectivity. The aim of the present Perspective is to identify the well-defined orthosteric binding site and possible allosteric sites and to analyze the importance of the ligand-receptor interaction in the stabilization of certain receptor conformations. For this purpose, we have reviewed recent advances made through the use of X-ray data from ligand-β-adrenoceptor (including ADRB1 and ADRB2) crystal structures. Most importantly, implications in the medicinal chemistry field are explored in relation to drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Postgraduate Research Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Plan de San Luis y Dı́az Mirón s/n, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
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Runyon SP, Mosier PD, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB. Potential modes of interaction of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) derivatives with the 5-HT2A receptor: a ligand structure-affinity relationship, receptor mutagenesis and receptor modeling investigation. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6808-28. [PMID: 18847250 DOI: 10.1021/jm800771x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 3-position substitution of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) on 5-HT 2A receptor affinity were determined and compared to a parallel series of DOB-like 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropanes substituted at the 4-position. The results were interpreted within the context of 5-HT 2A receptor models that suggest that members of the DOB-like series can bind to the receptor in two distinct modes that correlate with the compounds' functional activity. Automated ligand docking and molecular dynamics suggest that all of the AMDA derivatives, the parent of which is a 5-HT 2A antagonist, bind in a fashion analogous to that for the sterically demanding antagonist DOB-like compounds. The failure of the F340 (6.52)L mutation to adversely affect the affinity of AMDA and the 3-bromo derivative is consistent with the proposed modes of orientation. Evaluation of ligand-receptor complex models suggest that a valine/threonine exchange between the 5-HT 2A and D 2 receptors may be the origin of selectivity for AMDA and two substituted derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Runyon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Conformational thermostabilization of the beta1-adrenergic receptor in a detergent-resistant form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:877-82. [PMID: 18192400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711253105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 350 non-odorant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by the human genome, many of which are predicted to be potential therapeutic targets, but there are only two structures available to represent the whole of the family. We hypothesized that improving the detergent stability of these receptors and simultaneously locking them into one preferred conformation will greatly improve the chances of crystallization. We developed a generic strategy for the isolation of detergent-solubilized thermostable mutants of a GPCR, the beta1-adrenergic receptor. The most stable mutant receptor, betaAR-m23, contained six point mutations that led to an apparent T(m) 21 degrees C higher than the native protein, and, in the presence of bound antagonist, betaAR-m23 was as stable as bovine rhodopsin. In addition, betaAR-m23 was significantly more stable in a wide range of detergents ideal for crystallization and was preferentially in an antagonist conformation in the absence of ligand.
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