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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Kettle C, Morton DW. A molecular approach in drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:553-565. [PMID: 29990843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in dementia numbers and global trends in population aging across the world prompts the need for new medications to treat the complex biological dysfunctions, such as neurodegeneration associated with dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Cholinergic signaling, which is important in cognition, is slowly lost in AD, so the first line therapy is to treat symptoms with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase levels of acetylcholine. Out of five available FDA-approved AD medications, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine are cholinesterase inhibitors while memantine, a N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, blocks the effects of high glutamate levels. The fifth medication consists of a combination of donepezil and memantine. Although these medications can reduce and temporarily slow down the symptoms of AD, they cannot stop the damage to the brain from progressing. For a superior therapeutic effect, multi-target drugs are required. Thus, a Multi-Target-Directed Ligand (MTDL) strategy has received more attention by scientists who are attempting to develop hybrid molecules that simultaneously modulate multiple biological targets. This review highlights recent examples of the MTDL approach and fragment based strategy in the rational design of new potential AD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd., Bendigo, 3550, Australia.
| | - Christine Kettle
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd., Bendigo, 3550, Australia
| | - David W Morton
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd., Bendigo, 3550, Australia
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2
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Xu JH, Fan YL, Zhou J. Quinolone-Triazole Hybrids and their Biological Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Police College; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Police College; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Police College; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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3
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Arodola OA, Soliman MES. Quantum mechanics implementation in drug-design workflows: does it really help? Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2551-2564. [PMID: 28919707 PMCID: PMC5587087 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s126344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is progressively operating in an era where development costs are constantly under pressure, higher percentages of drugs are demanded, and the drug-discovery process is a trial-and-error run. The profit that flows in with the discovery of new drugs has always been the motivation for the industry to keep up the pace and keep abreast with the endless demand for medicines. The process of finding a molecule that binds to the target protein using in silico tools has made computational chemistry a valuable tool in drug discovery in both academic research and pharmaceutical industry. However, the complexity of many protein-ligand interactions challenges the accuracy and efficiency of the commonly used empirical methods. The usefulness of quantum mechanics (QM) in drug-protein interaction cannot be overemphasized; however, this approach has little significance in some empirical methods. In this review, we discuss recent developments in, and application of, QM to medically relevant biomolecules. We critically discuss the different types of QM-based methods and their proposed application to incorporating them into drug-design and -discovery workflows while trying to answer a critical question: are QM-based methods of real help in drug-design and -discovery research and industry?
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayide A Arodola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud ES Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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4
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Design and synthesis of novel anti-Alzheimer’s agents: Acridine-chromenone and quinoline-chromenone hybrids. Bioorg Chem 2016; 67:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Bourne Y, Sharpless KB, Taylor P, Marchot P. Steric and Dynamic Parameters Influencing In Situ Cycloadditions to Form Triazole Inhibitors with Crystalline Acetylcholinesterase. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1611-21. [PMID: 26731630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligand binding sites on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) comprise an active center, at the base of a deep and narrow gorge lined by aromatic residues, and a peripheral site at the gorge entry. These features launched AChE as a reaction vessel for in situ click-chemistry synthesis of high-affinity TZ2PA6 and TZ2PA5 inhibitors, forming a syn-triazole upon cycloaddition within the gorge from alkyne and azide reactants bound at the two sites, respectively. Subsequent crystallographic analyses of AChE complexes with the TZ2PA6 regioisomers demonstrated that syn product association is accompanied by side chain reorganization within the gorge, freezing-in-frame a conformation distinct from an unbound state or anti complex. To correlate inhibitor dimensions with reactivity and explore whether in situ cycloaddition could be accelerated in a concentrated, crystalline template, we developed crystal-soaking procedures and solved structures of AChE complexes with the TZ2PA5 regioisomers and their TZ2/PA5 precursors (2.1-2.7 Å resolution). The structures reveal motions of residue His447 in the active site and, unprecedentedly, residue Tyr341 at the gorge mouth, associated with TZ2 binding and coordinated with other side chain motions in the gorge that may guide AChE toward a transient state favoring syn-triazole formation. Despite precursor binding to crystalline AChE, coupling of rapid electric field fluctuations in the gorge with proper alignments of the azide and alkyne reactants to form the triazole remains a likely limiting step. These observations point to a prime requirement for AChE to interconvert dynamically between sequential conformations to promote favorable electrostatic factors enabling a productive apposition of the reactants for reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Bourne
- Aix-Marseille Université, laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy , 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy , 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Aix-Marseille Université, laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy , 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy , 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
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6
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Reilly PJ, Rovira C. Computational Studies of Glycoside, Carboxylic Ester, and Thioester Hydrolase Mechanisms: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Reilly
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, United States
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Orgànica
and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Li Y, Zhang XX, Jiang LJ, Yuan L, Cao TT, Li X, Dong L, Li Y, Yin SF. Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE): A Potential Therapeutic Target to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:776-82. [PMID: 25736722 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of icariin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Most of the tested compounds exhibited high AChE inhibition and low toxicity, and among which compounds 1, 2, and 10 were the most potent (IC50 = 71.52 ± 22.43, 8.28 ± 1.45, 5.830 ± 1.78 nm, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li-Juan Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shu-Fan Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
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8
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Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Saeedi M, Zafarghandi NS, Mahdavi M, Sabourian R, Razkenari EK, Alinezhad H, Khanavi M, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A, Akbarzadeh T. Potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of acridone linked to 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:799-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Oueis E, Santoni G, Ronco C, Syzgantseva O, Tognetti V, Joubert L, Romieu A, Weik M, Jean L, Sabot C, Nachon F, Renard PY. Reaction site-driven regioselective synthesis of AChE inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:156-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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van der Kamp MW, Mulholland AJ. Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods in computational enzymology. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2708-28. [PMID: 23557014 DOI: 10.1021/bi400215w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Computational enzymology is a rapidly maturing field that is increasingly integral to understanding mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and their practical applications. Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods are important in this field. By treating the reacting species with a quantum mechanical method (i.e., a method that calculates the electronic structure of the active site) and including the enzyme environment with simpler molecular mechanical methods, enzyme reactions can be modeled. Here, we review QM/MM methods and their application to enzyme-catalyzed reactions to investigate fundamental and practical problems in enzymology. A range of QM/MM methods is available, from cheaper and more approximate methods, which can be used for molecular dynamics simulations, to highly accurate electronic structure methods. We discuss how modeling of reactions using such methods can provide detailed insight into enzyme mechanisms and illustrate this by reviewing some recent applications. We outline some practical considerations for such simulations. Further, we highlight applications that show how QM/MM methods can contribute to the practical development and application of enzymology, e.g., in the interpretation and prediction of the effects of mutagenesis and in drug and catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W van der Kamp
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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11
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Sharpless KB, Manetsch R. In situ click chemistry: a powerful means for lead discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 1:525-38. [PMID: 23506064 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.6.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry and parallel synthesis are important and regularly applied tools for lead identification and optimisation, although they are often accompanied by challenges related to the efficiency of library synthesis and the purity of the compound library. In the last decade, novel means of lead discovery approaches have been investigated where the biological target is actively involved in the synthesis of its own inhibitory compound. These fragment-based approaches, also termed target-guided synthesis (TGS), show great promise in lead discovery applications by combining the synthesis and screening of libraries of low molecular weight compounds in a single step. Of all the TGS methods, the kinetically controlled variant is the least well known, but it has the potential to emerge as a reliable lead discovery method. The kinetically controlled TGS approach, termed in situ click chemistry, is discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barry Sharpless
- WM Keck Professor, Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC-315 La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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12
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Galland N, Kone S, Le Questel JY. Mapping of the interaction sites of galanthamine: a quantitative analysis through pairwise potentials and quantum chemistry. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1111-26. [PMID: 22972560 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of the interaction sites of the anti-Alzheimer drug galanthamine with molecular probes (water and benzene molecules) representative of its surroundings in the binding site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been realized through pairwise potentials calculations and quantum chemistry. This strategy allows a full and accurate exploration of the galanthamine potential energy surface of interaction. Significantly different results are obtained according to the distances of approaches between the various molecular fragments and the conformation of the galanthamine N-methyl substituent. The geometry of the most relevant complexes has then been fully optimized through MPWB1K/6-31 + G(d,p) calculations, final energies being recomputed at the LMP2/aug-cc-pVTZ(-f) level of theory. Unexpectedly, galanthamine is found to interact mainly from its hydrogen-bond donor groups. Among those, CH groups in the vicinity of the ammonium group are prominent. The trends obtained provide rationales to the predilection of the equatorial orientation of the galanthamine N-methyl substituent for binding to AChE. The analysis of the interaction energies pointed out the independence between the various interaction sites and the rigid character of galanthamine. The comparison between the cluster calculations and the crystallographic observations in galanthamine-AChE co-crystals allows the validation of the theoretical methodology. In particular, the positions of several water molecules appearing as strongly conserved in galanthamine-AChE co-crystals are predicted by the calculations. Moreover, the experimental position and orientation of lateral chains of functionally important aminoacid residues are in close agreement with the ones predicted theoretically. Our study provides relevant information for a rational drug design of galanthamine based AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Galland
- UMR CNRS 6230, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Nantes, NANTES Cedex, France
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Ahsanullah, Al-Gharabli SI, Rademann J. Soluble Peptidyl Phosphoranes for Metal-Free, Stereoselective Ligations in Organic and Aqueous Solution. Org Lett 2011; 14:14-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahsanullah
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Engineering, German-Jordanian University, 35247 Amman, Jordan
| | - Samer I. Al-Gharabli
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Engineering, German-Jordanian University, 35247 Amman, Jordan
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Engineering, German-Jordanian University, 35247 Amman, Jordan
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14
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Agalave SG, Maujan SR, Pore VS. Click Chemistry: 1,2,3-Triazoles as Pharmacophores. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2696-718. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 907] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Nascimento ECM, Martins JBL. Electronic structure and PCA analysis of covalent and non-covalent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Model 2010; 17:1371-9. [PMID: 20839017 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hartree-Fock and density functional methods were used to analyze electronic and structural properties of known drugs to evaluate the influence of these data on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The energies of the frontier orbitals and the distances between the more acidic hydrogen species were investigated to determine their contributions to the activity of a group of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Electrostatic potential maps indicated suitable sites for drugs-enzyme interactions. In this study, the structural, electronic and spatial properties of nine drugs with known inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase were examined. The data were obtained based on calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level. Multivariate principal components analysis was applied to 18 parameters to determine the pharmacophoric profile of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Desirable features for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor molecules include aromatic systems or groups that simulate the surface electrostatic potential of aromatic systems and the presence of a sufficient number of hydrogen acceptors and few hydrogen donors. PCA showed that electronic properties, including the HOMO-1 orbital energy, logP and aromatic system quantity, as well as structural data, such as volume, size and H-H distance, are the most significant properties.
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Abstract
Combined quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) approaches have become the method of choice for modeling reactions in biomolecular systems. Quantum-mechanical (QM) methods are required for describing chemical reactions and other electronic processes, such as charge transfer or electronic excitation. However, QM methods are restricted to systems of up to a few hundred atoms. However, the size and conformational complexity of biopolymers calls for methods capable of treating up to several 100,000 atoms and allowing for simulations over time scales of tens of nanoseconds. This is achieved by highly efficient, force-field-based molecular mechanics (MM) methods. Thus to model large biomolecules the logical approach is to combine the two techniques and to use a QM method for the chemically active region (e.g., substrates and co-factors in an enzymatic reaction) and an MM treatment for the surroundings (e.g., protein and solvent). The resulting schemes are commonly referred to as combined or hybrid QM/MM methods. They enable the modeling of reactive biomolecular systems at a reasonable computational effort while providing the necessary accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Martin Senn
- Department of Chemistry, WestCHEM and University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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18
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Butini S, Campiani G, Borriello M, Gemma S, Panico A, Persico M, Catalanotti B, Ros S, Brindisi M, Agnusdei M, Fiorini I, Nacci V, Novellino E, Belinskaya T, Saxena A, Fattorusso C. Exploiting Protein Fluctuations at the Active-Site Gorge of Human Cholinesterases: Further Optimization of the Design Strategy to Develop Extremely Potent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3154-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701253t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Marianna Borriello
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Alessandro Panico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Marco Persico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Sindu Ros
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Marianna Agnusdei
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Isabella Fiorini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Vito Nacci
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Ettore Novellino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Tatyana Belinskaya
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Ashima Saxena
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
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Barreto RDL, Carpes MJ, Santana CC, Correia CR. Synthesis of conformationally restricted acetylcholine analogues. Comparing lipase-mediated resolution with simulated moving bed chromatography of arylated β-hydroxy-pyrrolidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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