1
|
Parente M, Tonini C, Caputo S, Fiocchetti M, Pallottini V. Mechanisms of Sigma-2/TMEM97 Involvement in Cholesterol Metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30645. [PMID: 39300897 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has focused on cellular cholesterol and its regulation, primarily due to its crucial physiological roles and its association with numerous diseases resulting from dysregulated homeostasis. Consequently, investigating cholesterol metabolism and the network of regulating proteins remains an ongoing challenge for biomedical research seeking new molecular targets to manage aberrant cholesterol levels in pathologic conditions. There is evidence that Sigma-2/TMEM97 receptor regulates cholesterol metabolism. However, the mechanisms remain incompletely understood to date. Therefore, this study aimed to employ a pharmacological approach based on selective Sigma-2/TMEM97 agonists, rimcazole and siramesine, to uncover the contribution of this receptor to cholesterol homeostasis. Our results indicate that Sigma-2/TMEM97 activation modulates cholesterol uptake by altering key proteins involved in, leading to free cholesterol and neutral lipids accumulation. This sheds light on potential mechanisms implied, contributing a new piece to the intricate puzzle of cholesterol metabolism homeostasis.
Collapse
Grants
- This work has been supported by Together Strong NPC Foundation and Niemann-Pick Selbsthilfegruppe e.V. toVP, moreover by Excellence Departments, MUR-Italy, Grant/Award Numbers: ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314-337 LEGGE 232/2016, ARTICOLO 1, awarded to Dept. of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy for 2023-2027, and Rome Technopole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Caputo
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Shen H, Guo LW. Transmembrane protein TMEM97 and epigenetic reader BAHCC1 constitute an axis that supports pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111069. [PMID: 38290642 PMCID: PMC10997414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a key etiology in retinal degenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. TMEM97 is a scarcely studied transmembrane protein recently implicated in retinal degeneration. BAH domain coiled coil 1 (BAHCC1) is a newly discovered histone code reader involved in oncogenesis. A role for TMEM97 and BAHCC1 in RPE inflammation was not known. Here we found that they constitute a novel axis regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RPE cells. Transcriptomic analysis using a TMEM97-/- ARPE19 human cell line and the validation via TMEM97 loss- and gain-of-function revealed a profound role of TMEM97 in promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL1β and CCL2, and unexpectedly BAHCC1 as well. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation indicated an association between the TMEM97 and BAHCC1 proteins. While TMEM97 ablation decreased and its overexpression increased NFκB (p50, p52, p65), the master transcription factor for pro-inflammatory cytokines, silencing BAHCC1 down-regulated NFκB and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in an RPE-damage retinal degeneration mouse model, immunofluorescence illustrated down-regulation of IL1β and CCL2 total proteins and suppression of glial activation in the retina of Tmem97-/- mice compared to Tmem97+/+ mice. Thus, TMEM97 is a novel determinant of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression acting via a previously unknown TMEM97- > BAHCC1- > NFκB cascade. SYNOPSIS: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) inflammation can lead to blindness. We identify here a previously uncharacterized cascade that underlies RPE cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, transmembrane protein TMEM97 positively regulates the recently discovered histone code reader BAHCC1, which in turn enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the transcription factor NFκB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang T, Jia H. The Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12025. [PMID: 37569401 PMCID: PMC10418732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are a class of unique proteins with two subtypes: the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor which is situated at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), and the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor, located in the ER-resident membrane. Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of both σ1 and σ2 receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus these receptors represent two potentially effective biomarkers for emerging AD therapies. The availability of optimal radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of the σ1 and σ2 receptors in humans will provide tools to monitor AD progression and treatment outcomes. In this review, we first summarize the significance of both receptors in the pathophysiology of AD and highlight AD therapeutic strategies related to the σ1 and σ2 receptors. We then survey the potential PET radioligands, with an emphasis on the requirements of optimal radioligands for imaging the σ1 or σ2 receptors in humans. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors, and the opportunities for neuroimaging to elucidate the σ1 and σ2 receptors as novel biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, and for monitoring of disease progression and AD drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teodori E, Braconi L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Dei S. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline Scaffold in ABC Transporter Inhibitors that Act as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversers. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2535-2569. [PMID: 36284399 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221025111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of anticancer chemotherapy is often due to the development of resistance to a variety of anticancer drugs. This phenomenon is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and is related to the overexpression of ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance- associated protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Over the past few decades, several ABC protein modulators have been discovered and studied as a possible approach to evade MDR and increase the success of anticancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the co-administration of pump inhibitors with cytotoxic drugs, which are substrates of the transporters, does not appear to be associated with an improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents. However, more recently discovered MDR reversing agents, such as the two tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives tariquidar and elacridar, are characterized by high affinity towards the ABC proteins and by reduced negative properties. Consequently, many analogs of these two derivatives have been synthesized, with the aim of optimizing their MDR reversal properties. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the MDR modulators carrying the tetraidroisoquinoline scaffold reported in the literature in the period 2009-2021, highlighting the structural characteristics that confer potency and/or selectivity towards the three ABC transport proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many compounds have been synthesized in the last twelve years showing interesting properties, both in terms of potency and selectivity. Although clear structure-activity relationships can be drawn only by considering strictly related compounds, some of the compounds reviewed could be promising starting points for the design of new ABC protein inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ivanov SV, Ostrovskaya RU. Neuroprotective substances: are they able to protect the pancreatic beta-cells too? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:834-841. [PMID: 35240968 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220303162844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidences demonstrate a close relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The similarity of physiological and pathological processes, occurring in pancreatic β-cells and neurons over the course of these pathologies, allows to raise the question of the practicability of studying neuroprotective substances for their potential antidiabetic activity. OBJECTIVE This review analyzes studies of antidiabetic and cytoprotective action on pancreatic β-cells of the neuroprotective compounds that can attenuate the oxidative stress and enhance the expression of neurotrophins: low-molecular-weight NGF mimetic compound GK-2, selective anxiolytic afobazole, antidepressants lithium chloride and lithium carbonate on the rat streptozotocin model of T2D. RESULTS It was found that all above-listed neuroprotective substances have a pronounced antidiabetic activity. The decrease in the β-cells number, the average area of the pancreatic islets, as well as the violation of their morphological structure caused by the streptozotocin was significantly weakened by the therapy with the investigated neuroprotective substances. The extent of these morphological changes clearly correlates with the antihyperglycemic effect of these compounds. CONCLUSION The presented data indicate that the neuroprotective substances attenuating the damaging effect of oxidative stress and neurotrophins deficit cannot only protect neurons but also exert their cytoprotective effect towards pancreatic β-cells. These data may provide a theoretical basis for the further study of neuroprotective drugs as potential therapeutic options for T2D prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Ivanov
- Institute of Pharmacology Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Laboratory of Psychopharmacology Russian Federation
| | - Rita U Ostrovskaya
- Laboratory of PsychopharmacologyInstitute of Pharmacology Russian Academy of Medical SciencesRussian
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Current development of sigma-2 receptor radioligands as potential tumor imaging agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105163. [PMID: 34289426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors are transmembrane proteins with two different subtypes: σ1 and σ2. Because of its overexpression in tumors, the σ2 receptor (σ2R) is a well-known biomarker for cancer cells. A large number of small-molecule ligands for the σ2Rs have been identified and tested for imaging the proliferative status of tumors using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). These small molecules include derivatives of bicyclic amines, indoles, cyclohexylpiperazines and tetrahydroisoquinolines. This review discusses various aspects of small molecule ligands, such as chemical composition, labeling strategy, affinity for σ2Rs, and in vitro/in vivo investigations. The recent studies described here could be useful for the development of σ2R radioligands as potential tumor imaging agents.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Lacivita E, Abate C. σ 2 Receptor and Its Role in Cancer with Focus on a MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL) Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:3743. [PMID: 34205334 PMCID: PMC8235595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 (σ2) is an endoplasmic receptor identified as the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein TMEM97. Despite its controversial identity, which was only recently solved, this protein has gained scientific interest because of its role in the proliferative status of cells; many tumor cells from different organs overexpress the σ2 receptor, and many σ2 ligands display cytotoxic actions in (resistant) cancer cells. These properties have shed light on the σ2 receptor as a potential druggable target to be bound/activated for the diagnosis or therapy of tumors. Additionally, diverse groups have shown how the σ2 receptor can be exploited for the targeted delivery of the anticancer drugs to tumors. As the cancer disease is a multifactorial pathology with multiple cell populations, a polypharmacological approach is very often needed. Instead of the simultaneous administration of different classes of drugs, the use of one molecule that interacts with diverse pharmacological targets, namely MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL), is a promising and currently pursued strategy, that may overcome the pharmacokinetic problems associated with the administration of multiple molecules. This review aims to point out the progress regarding the σ2 ligands in the oncology field, with a focus on MTDLs directed towards σ2 receptors as promising weapons against (resistant) cancer diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar K, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as privileged scaffold for anticancer de novo drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1119-1147. [PMID: 33908322 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1916464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a dreadful disorder that is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe. The complex tumor environment, supplemented with drawbacks of the existing drugs, has made it a global health concern. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring holds an important position in medicinal chemistry due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Several THIQ based natural products have been previously explored for their antitumor properties, making it a vital scaffold for anticancer drug design.Areas covered: This review article addresses the potential of THIQ as anticancer agents. Various medicinal chemistry strategies employed for the design and development of THIQ analogs as inhibitors or modulators of relevant anticancer targets have been discussed in detail. Moreover, the common strategies employed for the synthesis of the core scaffold are also highlighted.Expert opinion: Evidently, THIQs have tremendous potential in anticancer drug design. Some of these analogs exhibited potent activity against various cancer molecular targets. However, there are some drawbacks, such as selectivity that need addressing. The synthetic ease for constructing the core scaffold complimented with its reactivity makes it ideal for further structure-activity relationship studies. For these reasons, THIQ is a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abate C, Niso M, Abatematteo FS, Contino M, Colabufo NA, Berardi F. PB28, the Sigma-1 and Sigma-2 Receptors Modulator With Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity: A Review About Its Pharmacological Properties and Structure Affinity Relationships. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:589810. [PMID: 33364961 PMCID: PMC7750835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.589810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
These unprecedented times have forced the scientific community to gather to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts in diverse directions have been made. A multi-university team has focused on the identification of the host (human) proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, with the aim of hampering these interactions that may cause severe COVID-19 symptoms. Sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors surprisingly belong to the “druggable” host proteins found, with the pan-sigma receptor modulator PB28 displaying the most potent anti–SARS-CoV-2 activity in in vitro assays. Being 20-fold more active than hydroxychloroquine, without cardiac side effects, PB28 is a promising antiviral candidate worthy of further investigation. Our research group developed PB28 in 1996 and have thoroughly characterized its biological properties since then. Structure–affinity relationship (SAfiR) studies at the sigma receptor subtypes were also undertaken with PB28 as the lead compound. We herein report our knowledge of PB28 to share information that may help to gain insight into the antiviral action of this compound and sigma receptors, while providing structural hints that may speed up the translation into therapeutics of this class of ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sigma-2 Receptor-A Potential Target for Cancer/Alzheimer's Disease Treatment via Its Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225439. [PMID: 33233619 PMCID: PMC7699687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptors were classified into sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor based on their different pharmacological profiles. In the past two decades, our understanding of the biological and pharmacological properties of the sigma-1 receptor is increasing; however, little is known about the sigma-2 receptor. Recently, the molecular identity of the sigma-2 receptor has been identified as TMEM97. Although more and more evidence has showed that sigma-2 ligands have the ability to treat cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the mechanisms connecting these two diseases are unknown. Data obtained over the past few years from human and animal models indicate that cholesterol homeostasis is altered in AD and cancer, underscoring the importance of cholesterol homeostasis in AD and cancer. In this review, based on accumulated evidence, we proposed that the beneficial roles of sigma-2 ligands in cancer and AD might be mediated by their regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi JJ, Jia KH, Sun H, Gunosewoyo H, Yang F, Tang J, Luo J, Yu LF. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of σ2 Receptor Ligands Based on a 3-Alkoxyisoxazole Scaffold: Potential Antitumor Effects against Osteosarcoma. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:524-536. [PMID: 32964625 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery as the basis for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands, the 3-alkoxyisoxazole scaffold has been shown to be a versatile platform for the development of potent σ1 and σ2 receptor ligands. Herein we report a further SAR exploration of the 3-alkoxyisoxazole scaffold with the aim of obtaining potent σ2 receptor ligands. Various substitutions on the benzene ring and at the basic amino regions resulted in a total of 21 compounds that were tested for their binding affinities for the σ2 receptor. In particular, compound 51 [(2S)-1-(4-ammoniobutyl)-2-(((5-((3,4-dichlorophenoxy)methyl)isoxazol-3-yl)oxy)methyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium chloride] was identified as one of the most potent σ2 ligands within the series, with a Ki value of 7.9 nM. It demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects on both osteosarcoma cell lines 143B and MOS-J (IC50 values of 0.89 and 0.71 μM, respectively), relative to siramesine (IC50 values of 1.81 and 2.01 μM). Moreover, compound 51 inhibited clonal formation of osteosarcoma 143B cells at 1 μM, corresponding to half the dose required of siramesine for similar effects. The general cytotoxicity profile of compound 51 was assessed in a number of normal cell lines, including HaCaT, HAF, and LO2 cells. Furthermore, FACS analysis showed that compound 51 likely inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth by disruption of the cell cycle and promotion of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kun-Hang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mangiatordi GF, Intranuovo F, Delre P, Abatematteo FS, Abate C, Niso M, Creanza TM, Ancona N, Stefanachi A, Contino M. Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 2 (CB2R) in a Multitarget Approach: Perspective of an Innovative Strategy in Cancer and Neurodegeneration. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14448-14469. [PMID: 33094613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2R) represents an interesting and new therapeutic target for its involvement in the first steps of neurodegeneration as well as in cancer onset and progression. Several studies, focused on different types of tumors, report a promising anticancer activity induced by CB2R agonists due to their ability to reduce inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, in neuroinflammation, the stimulation of CB2R, overexpressed in microglial cells, exerts beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders. With the aim to overcome current treatment limitations, new drugs can be developed by specifically modulating, together with CB2R, other targets involved in such multifactorial disorders. Building on successful case studies of already developed multitarget strategies involving CB2R, in this Perspective we aim at prompting the scientific community to consider new promising target associations involving HDACs (histone deacetylases) and σ receptors by employing modern approaches based on molecular hybridization, computational polypharmacology, and machine learning algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Colabufo NA, Leopoldo M, Ferorelli S, Abate C, Contino M, Perrone MG, Niso M, Perrone R, Berardi F. Why PB28 Could Be a Covid 2019 Game Changer? ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2048-2050. [PMID: 33052254 PMCID: PMC7437449 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
PB28,
a cyclohexylpiperazine derivative, could be a potential strategy
for Covid 19 because in a recent study it has been found more active
than hydroxychloroquine without interaction with cardiac proteins.
PB28 has been designed, developed, and biologically evaluated in the
past decade in our research group. A possible mechanism to explain
its surprising anti-COVID-19 activity is suggested..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perrone
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schmidt HR, Kruse AC. The Molecular Function of σ Receptors: Past, Present, and Future. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:636-654. [PMID: 31387763 PMCID: PMC6748033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The σ1 and σ2 receptors are enigmatic proteins that have attracted attention for decades due to the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of their ligands. However, despite ongoing clinical trials with σ receptor ligands for multiple conditions, relatively little is known regarding the molecular function of these receptors. In this review, we revisit past research on σ receptors and discuss the interpretation of these data in light of recent developments. We provide a synthesis of emerging structural and genetic data on the σ1 receptor and discuss the recent cloning of the σ2 receptor. Finally, we discuss the major questions that remain in the study of σ receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang K, Wang C, Sun T. The Roles of Intracellular Chaperone Proteins, Sigma Receptors, in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:528. [PMID: 31178723 PMCID: PMC6537631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors, including Sigma-1 receptors and Sigma-2 receptors, are highly expressed in the CNS. They are intracellular chaperone proteins. Sigma-1 receptors localize mainly at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM). Upon stimulation, they translocate from MAM to plasma membrane (PM) and nucleus, where they interact with many proteins and ion channels. Sigma-1 receptor could interact with itself to form oligomers, its oligomerization states affect its ability to interact with client proteins including ion channels and BiP. Sigma-1 receptor shows high affinity for many unrelated and structurally diverse ligands, but the mechanism for this diverse drug receptor interaction remains unknown. Sigma-1 receptors also directly bind many proteins including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of roles of the Sigma-1 receptors in normal and pathological conditions, but more studies are still required for the Sigma-2 receptors. The physiological roles of Sigma-1 receptors in the CNS are discussed. They can modulate the activity of many ion channels including voltage-dependent ion channels including Ca2+, Na+, K+ channels and NMDAR, thus affecting neuronal excitability and synaptic activity. They are also involved in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Moreover, the activation of Sigma receptors protects neurons from death via the modulation of ER stress, neuroinflammation, and Ca2+ homeostasis. Evidences about the involvement of Sigma-1 receptors in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are also presented, indicating Sigma-1 receptors might be promising targets for pharmacologically treating PD and MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alamri MA, Ates-Alagoz Z, Adejare A. Bicycloheptylamine-Doxorubicin Conjugate: Synthesis and Anticancer Activities in σ2 Receptor-Expressing Cell Lines. Med Chem 2019; 16:192-201. [PMID: 30827254 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190301145203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel bicycloheptylamines were designed and synthesized. These compounds were found to be selective for sigma-2 receptors. These receptors have been found to be up to 10 fold over-expressed in certain cancer cell lines, leading to investigation of possible uses as a biomarker in diagnosis and/or treatment especially in cancers with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVES The aim was to conjugate a novel sigma-2 receptor ligand to doxorubicin to examine anticancer activities, with and without conjugation, and therefore possibilities in drug delivery. METHODS Conjugation was conducted using N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide HCl as a coupling agent. Affinity towards the sigma-2 receptor was tested using ligand-receptor binding studies. Anticancer activities against cancer cell lines were carried out using cell viability assays. Caspase dependency was tested using Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, to begin to investigate mechanisms of action. RESULTS The target compound retained affinity towards the sigma-2 receptor and exhibited potent anticancer activities on cancer cell lines expressing the sigma-2 receptor. The potencies exceeded those of doxorubicin, the lead sigma-2 receptor ligand, as well as non-covalent combination of both drugs. The activity was also found to be caspase-dependent. CONCLUSION The conjugation of target bicycloheptylamines with cytotoxic moieties may yield potent and selective molecules for detection and/or treatment of certain cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sigma-2 receptor: past, present and perspectives on multiple therapeutic exploitations. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1997-2018. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of sigma-2 receptor (sig-2R) has been controversial. Nevertheless, interest in sig-2R is high for its overexpression in tumors and potentials in oncology. Additionally, sig-2R antagonists inhibit Aβ binding at neurons, blocking the cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease. The most representative classes of sig-2R ligands are herein treated with focus on compounds that served to study sig-2R biology and to produce sig-2R: fluorescent ligands; multifunctional anticancer agents; and targeting nanoparticles. Although fluorescent ligands serve as ‘green’ pharmacological tools, sig-2R-multifunctional conjugates and sig-2R-targeted nanoparticles show how sig-2R targeting increases the activity of anticancer drugs in tumors with reduced toxicity. Altogether, this review draws a picture of the multiple approaches of sig-2R ligands in cancer therapy and as Alzheimer's disease modifying disease agents.
Collapse
|
18
|
Linkens K, Schmidt HR, Sahn JJ, Kruse AC, Martin SF. Investigating isoindoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, and tetrahydrobenzazepine scaffolds for their sigma receptor binding properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:557-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Pati ML, Niso M, Spitzer D, Berardi F, Contino M, Riganti C, Hawkins WG, Abate C. Multifunctional thiosemicarbazones and deconstructed analogues as a strategy to study the involvement of metal chelation, Sigma-2 (σ 2) receptor and P-gp protein in the cytotoxic action: In vitro and in vivo activity in pancreatic tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:359-371. [PMID: 29287249 PMCID: PMC5801006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer urgently requires more efficient treatment options. Because the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor was recently proposed as a promising target for pancreatic cancer therapy, we explored our previously developed multifunctional thiosemicarbazones, designed to synergistically impair cell energy levels, by targeting σ2 and P-gp proteins and chelating Iron. A deconstruction approach was herein applied by removing one function at a time from the potent multifunctional thiosemicarbazones 1 and 2, to investigate the contribution to cytotoxicity of each target involved. The results from in vitro (panel of pancreatic tumor cells) and in vivo experiments (C57BL/6 bearing KP02 tumor), suggest that while the multifunctional activity was not required for the antitumor activity of these thiosemicarbazones, σ2-targeting appeared to allow alternative tumor cell death mechanisms, leading to potent and less toxic off-targets toxicities compared to other thiosemicarbazones devoid of σ2-targeting.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chelating Agents/chemical synthesis
- Chelating Agents/chemistry
- Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, sigma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thiosemicarbazones/chemical synthesis
- Thiosemicarbazones/chemistry
- Thiosemicarbazones/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Santena 5/bis, I-10153 Torino, Italy
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pati ML, Fanizza E, Hager S, Groza D, Heffeter P, Laurenza AG, Laquintana V, Curri ML, Depalo N, Abate C, Denora N. Quantum Dot Based Luminescent Nanoprobes for Sigma-2 Receptor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:458-471. [PMID: 29226684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing importance of sigma-2 receptor as target for the diagnosis and therapy of tumors paves the way for the development of innovative optically traceable fluorescent probes as tumor cell contrast and therapeutic agents. Here, a novel hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructure is developed by combining the superior fluorescent properties of inorganic quantum dots (QDs), coated with a hydrophilic silica shell (QD@SiO2 NPs), the versatility of the silica shell, and the high selectivity for sigma-2 receptor of the two synthetic ligands, namely, the 6-[(6-aminohexyl)oxy]-2-(3-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)propyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (MLP66) and 6-[1-[3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-5-yloxy]hexylamine (TA6). The proposed nanostructures represent a challenging alternative to all previously studied organic small fluorescent molecules, based on the same sigma-2 receptor affinity moieties. Flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments, respectively, on fixed and living cancerous MCF7 cells, which overexpress the sigma-2 receptor, prove the ability of functionalized (QD@SiO2-TA6 and QD@SiO2-MLP66) NPs to be internalized and demonstrate their affinity to the sigma-2 receptor, ultimately validating the targeting properties conveyed to the NPs by sigma-2 ligand conjugation. The presented QD-based nanoprobes possess a great potential as in vitro selective sigma-2 receptor imaging agent and, consequently, could provide a significant impact to future theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-IPCF-SS Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna , Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Diana Groza
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna , Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna , Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Amelita Grazia Laurenza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-IPCF-SS Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-IPCF-SS Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Evolution of the Sigma-2 (σ 2) Receptor from Obscure Binding Site to Bona Fide Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:49-61. [PMID: 28315264 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-2 (σ2) receptor represents one of the most poorly understood proteins in cell biology. Although this receptor was identified through in vitro binding studies over 25 years ago, the molecular identity of this protein is currently not unambiguously known, and the results from recent attempts to identify the σ2 receptor through protein purification and mass spectral analysis have been the subject of debate in the literature. However, there is overwhelming data demonstrating that the σ2 receptor is an important biomarker of tumor cell proliferation . The observation that σ2 receptor agonists are potent anticancer agents whereas σ2 antagonists block Aβ1-42 oligomer synaptic dysfunction in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease have clearly identified this protein as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of a variety of pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pati ML, Groza D, Riganti C, Kopecka J, Niso M, Berardi F, Hager S, Heffeter P, Hirai M, Tsugawa H, Kabe Y, Suematsu M, Abate C. Sigma-2 receptor and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) are two different proteins: Proofs by fluorescent labeling and binding of sigma-2 receptor ligands to PGRMC1. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:67-74. [PMID: 28007569 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A controversial relationship between sigma-2 and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) proteins, both representing promising targets for the therapy and diagnosis of tumors, exists since 2011, when the sigma-2 receptor was reported to be identical to PGRMC1. Because a misidentification of these proteins will lead to biased future research hampering the possible diagnostic and therapeutic exploitation of the two targets, there is the need to solve the debate on their identity. With this aim, we have herein investigated uptake and distribution of structurally different fluorescent sigma-2 receptor ligands by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in MCF7 cells, where together with intrinsic sigma-2 receptors, PGRMC1 was constitutively present or alternatively silenced or overexpressed. HCT116 cells, with constitutive or silenced PGRMC1, were also studied. These experiments showed that the fluorescent sigma-2 ligands bind to their receptor irrespective of PGRMC1 expression. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry was conducted to examine if DTG and PB28, two structurally distinct nanomolar affinity sigma-2 ligands, bind to purified PGRMC1 proteins that have recently been revealed to form both apo-monomeric and heme-mediated dimeric forms. While no binding to apo-PGRMC1 monomer was detected, a micromolar affinity to heme-mediated dimerized PGRMC1 was demonstrated in DTG but not in PB28. The current data provide evidence that sigma-2 receptor and PGRMC1 are not identical, paving the pathway for future unbiased research in which these two attractive targets are treated as different proteins while the identification of the true sigma-2 protein further needs to be pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Diana Groza
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miwa Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lima AN, Philot EA, Trossini GHG, Scott LPB, Maltarollo VG, Honorio KM. Use of machine learning approaches for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:225-39. [PMID: 26814169 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1146250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of computational tools in the early stages of drug development has increased in recent decades. Machine learning (ML) approaches have been of special interest, since they can be applied in several steps of the drug discovery methodology, such as prediction of target structure, prediction of biological activity of new ligands through model construction, discovery or optimization of hits, and construction of models that predict the pharmacokinetic and toxicological (ADMET) profile of compounds. AREAS COVERED This article presents an overview on some applications of ML techniques in drug design. These techniques can be employed in ligand-based drug design (LBDD) and structure-based drug design (SBDD) studies, such as similarity searches, construction of classification and/or prediction models of biological activity, prediction of secondary structures and binding sites docking and virtual screening. EXPERT OPINION Successful cases have been reported in the literature, demonstrating the efficiency of ML techniques combined with traditional approaches to study medicinal chemistry problems. Some ML techniques used in drug design are: support vector machine, random forest, decision trees and artificial neural networks. Currently, an important application of ML techniques is related to the calculation of scoring functions used in docking and virtual screening assays from a consensus, combining traditional and ML techniques in order to improve the prediction of binding sites and docking solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Nakagawa Lima
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eric Allison Philot
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Luis Paulo Barbour Scott
- c Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil.,d Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neves BJ, Muratov E, Machado RB, Andrade CH, Cravo PVL. Modern approaches to accelerate discovery of new antischistosomal drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:557-67. [PMID: 27073973 PMCID: PMC6534417 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1178230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The almost exclusive use of only praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis has raised concerns about the possible emergence of drug-resistant schistosomes. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new antischistosomal drugs. The identification of leads and the generation of high quality data are crucial steps in the early stages of schistosome drug discovery projects. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors focus on the current developments in antischistosomal lead discovery, specifically referring to the use of automated in vitro target-based and whole-organism screens and virtual screening of chemical databases. They highlight the strengths and pitfalls of each of the above-mentioned approaches, and suggest possible roadmaps towards the integration of several strategies, which may contribute for optimizing research outputs and led to more successful and cost-effective drug discovery endeavors. EXPERT OPINION Increasing partnerships and access to funding for drug discovery have strengthened the battle against schistosomiasis in recent years. However, the authors believe this battle also includes innovative strategies to overcome scientific challenges. In this context, significant advances of in vitro screening as well as computer-aided drug discovery have contributed to increase the success rate and reduce the costs of drug discovery campaigns. Although some of these approaches were already used in current antischistosomal lead discovery pipelines, the integration of these strategies in a solid workflow should allow the production of new treatments for schistosomiasis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Junior Neves
- a LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Eugene Muratov
- b Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Renato Beilner Machado
- c GenoBio - Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- a LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Lemos Cravo
- c GenoBio - Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
- d Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hiranita T. Identification of the Sigma-2 Receptor: Distinct from the Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4. [PMID: 27376101 PMCID: PMC4930110 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000e130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hiranita
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsopelas F, Vallianatou T, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A. Advances in immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatography for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:473-88. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1160886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Tsopelas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tsantili-Kakoulidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abate C, Riganti C, Pati ML, Ghigo D, Berardi F, Mavlyutov T, Guo LW, Ruoho A. Development of sigma-1 (σ1) receptor fluorescent ligands as versatile tools to study σ1 receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:577-585. [PMID: 26717207 PMCID: PMC4755300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite their controversial physiology, sigma-1 (σ1) receptors are intriguing targets for the development of therapeutic agents for central nervous system diseases. With the aim of providing versatile pharmacological tools to study σ1 receptors, we developed three σ1 fluorescent tracers by functionalizing three well characterized σ1 ligands with a fluorescent tag. A good compromise between σ1 binding affinity and fluorescent properties was reached, and the σ1 specific targeting of the novel tracers was demonstrated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. These novel ligands were also successfully used in competition binding studies by flow cytometry, showing their utility in nonradioactive binding assays as an alternative strategy to the more classical radioligand binding assays. To the best of our knowledge these are the first σ1 fluorescent ligands to be developed and successfully employed in living cells, representing promising tools to strengthen σ1 receptors related studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Timur Mavlyutov
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Arnold Ruoho
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Niso M, Pati ML, Berardi F, Abate C. Rigid versus flexible anilines or anilides confirm the bicyclic ring as the hydrophobic portion for optimal σ2 receptor binding and provide novel tools for the development of future σ2 receptor PET radiotracers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their uncertain identification, σ2 receptors are promising targets for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for tumor diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chu UB, Mavlyutov TA, Chu ML, Yang H, Schulman A, Mesangeau C, McCurdy CR, Guo LW, Ruoho AE. The Sigma-2 Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 are Different Binding Sites Derived From Independent Genes. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1806-13. [PMID: 26870805 PMCID: PMC4740303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor (S2R) is a potential therapeutic target for cancer and neuronal diseases. However, the identity of the S2R has remained a matter of debate. Historically, the S2R has been defined as (1) a binding site with high affinity to 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) and haloperidol but not to the selective sigma-1 receptor ligand (+)-pentazocine, and (2) a protein of 18–21 kDa, as shown by specific photolabeling with [3H]-Azido-DTG and [125I]-iodoazido-fenpropimorph ([125I]-IAF). Recently, the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), a 25 kDa protein, was reported to be the S2R (Nature Communications, 2011, 2:380). To confirm this identification, we created PGRMC1 knockout NSC34 cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found that in NSC34 cells devoid of or overexpressing PGRMC1, the maximum [3H]-DTG binding to the S2R (Bmax) as well as the DTG-protectable [125I]-IAF photolabeling of the S2R were similar to those of wild-type control cells. Furthermore, the affinities of DTG and haloperidol for PGRMC1 (KI = 472 μM and 350 μM, respectively), as determined in competition with [3H]-progesterone, were more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than those reported for the S2R (20–80 nM). These results clarify that PGRMC1 and the S2R are distinct binding sites expressed by different genes. The sigma-2 receptor is an important drug target but its molecular identity has remained a hot topic of debate. PGRMC1 has recently been reported to be the sigma-2 binding site (Nature Communications, 2011, 2:380). Our data clarify that PGRMC1 and the sigma-2 receptor are distinct binding sites expressed by different genes.
The sigma-2 receptor (S2R) is a potential important therapeutic target for cancer and neuronal diseases, yet its gene identity is a long-held mystery. While a recent prominent report concluded that a progesterone-binding protein (PGRMC1) is the sigma-2 receptor, the critical defining evidence was missing. We re-tested this conclusion using a genome-editing technology combined with chemical biology and pharmacological determinations. The unambiguous results indicate that PGRMC1 is not the originally defined true sigma-2 receptor. This study may benefit public health by guiding future discovery of the true identity of the sigma-2 drug binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uyen B Chu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Timur A Mavlyutov
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ming-Liang Chu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amanda Schulman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, United States
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, United States
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Arnold E Ruoho
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abate C, Niso M, Infantino V, Menga A, Berardi F. Elements in support of the ‘non-identity’ of the PGRMC1 protein with the σ2 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 758:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Niso M, Riganti C, Pati ML, Ghigo D, Berardi F, Abate C. Novel and Selective Fluorescent σ2 -Receptor Ligand with a 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1-one Scaffold: A Tool to Study σ2 Receptors in Living Cells. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1078-83. [PMID: 25757101 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although sigma-2 (σ2 ) receptors are still enigmatic proteins, they are promising targets for tumor treatment and diagnosis. With the aim of clarifying their role in oncology, we developed a σ2 -selective fluorescent tracer (compound 5) as a specific tool to study σ2 receptors. By using flow cytometry with 5, we performed competition binding studies on three different cell lines where we also detected the content of the σ2 receptors, avoiding the inconvenient use of radioligands. Comparison with a previously developed mixed σ1 /σ2 fluorescent tracer (1) also allowed for the detection of σ1 receptors within these cells. Results obtained by flow cytometry with tracers 1 and 5 were confirmed by standard methods (western blot for σ1 , and Scatchard analysis for σ2 receptors). Thus, we have produced powerful new tools for research on the σ whose reliability and adaptability to a number of fluorescence techniques will be useful to elucidate the roles of σ receptors in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona, 4. 70125 Bari (Italy)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pati ML, Niso M, Ferorelli S, Abate C, Berardi F. Novel metal chelators thiosemicarbazones with activity at the σ2receptors and P-glycoprotein: an innovative strategy for resistant tumor treatment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel multitarget thiosemicarbazones that bind simultaneously σ2receptors and P-glycoprotein efflux pump and chelate metals were designed for resistant tumors treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Surgery
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pati ML, Abate C, Contino M, Ferorelli S, Luisi R, Carroccia L, Niso M, Berardi F. Deconstruction of 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety to separate P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity from σ2 receptor affinity in mixed P-gp/σ2 receptor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:691-700. [PMID: 25462276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
6,7-Dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline is widely used as basic moiety in σ2 receptor ligands, in order to provide σ2versus σ1 selectivity. This same moiety is also widely exploited in modulators of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump, so that mixed σ2/P-gp agents are often obtained. Deconstruction of 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline moiety present in the potent mixed σ2/P-gp agent 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]butyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1) could lead to the separation of σ2 affinity from P-gp activity. Therefore, phenethylamino-, benzylamino- and indanamine series were obtained. The NH group was also methylated in the N-phenethylamino series, and ethylated in the benzylamino series, to better match 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline. The σ2 affinity drastically decreased with the increase of conformational freedom, whereas alkylation of the NH-group was beneficial for σ2 receptor interaction. By contrast, deconstruction of 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline slightly reduced P-gp activity, with dimethoxy-substituted derivatives displaying potent P-gp interaction. Therefore, 'ring-opened' 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives represent a promising strategy to obtain P-gp selective agents devoid of σ2 receptor affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Carroccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abate C, Niso M, Marottoli R, Riganti C, Ghigo D, Ferorelli S, Ossato G, Perrone R, Lacivita E, Lamb DC, Berardi F. Novel derivatives of 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (PB28) with improved fluorescent and σ receptors binding properties. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3314-23. [PMID: 24697311 DOI: 10.1021/jm401874n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising potentials of σ2 receptors in cancer therapy and diagnosis, there are still ambiguities related to the nature and physiological role of the σ2 protein. With the aim of providing potent and reliable tools to be used in σ2 receptor research, we developed a novel series of fluorescent σ2 ligands on the basis of our previous work, where high-affinity σ2 ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-n-propyl]piperazine (1, PB28) was used as the pharmacophore. Compared to the previous compounds, these novel ligands displayed improved fluorescence and σ2 binding properties, were σ2-specifically taken up by breast tumor cells, and were successfully employed in confocal microscopy. Compound 14, which was the best compromise between pharmacological and fluorescent properties, was successfully employed in flow cytometry, demonstrating its potential to be used as a tool in nonradioactive binding assays for studying the affinity of putative σ2 receptor ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO , Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Niso M, Abate C, Contino M, Ferorelli S, Azzariti A, Perrone R, Colabufo NA, Berardi F. Sigma-2 receptor agonists as possible antitumor agents in resistant tumors: hints for collateral sensitivity. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:2026-35. [PMID: 24106081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the development of novel antitumor agents, high-affinity σ2 receptor agonists were developed, with 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]butyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (15) and 9-[4-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl]-9H-carbazole (25) showing exceptional selectivity for the σ2 subtype. Most of the compounds displayed notable antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, with similar activity in the corresponding doxorubicin-resistant MCF7adr cell line. Surprisingly, a few compounds, including 25, displayed enhanced activity in MCF7adr cells over parent cells, recalling the phenomenon of collateral sensitivity, which is under study for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. All of the compounds showed interaction with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and 15 and 25, with the greatest activity, were able to revert P-gp-mediated resistance and reestablish the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in MCF7adr cells. We therefore identified a series of σ2 receptor agonists endowed with intriguing antitumor properties; these compounds deserve further investigation for the development of alternate strategies against multidrug- resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari (Italy)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mach RH, Zeng C, Hawkins WG. The σ2 receptor: a novel protein for the imaging and treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7137-60. [PMID: 23734634 DOI: 10.1021/jm301545c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The σ2 receptor is an important target for the development of molecular probes in oncology because of its 10-fold higher density in proliferating tumor cells compared with that in quiescent tumor cells and because of the observation that σ2 receptor agonists are able to kill tumor cells via apoptotic and nonapoptotic mechanisms. Although recent evidence indicates that the σ2 receptor binding site is localized within the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), most information regarding this protein has been obtained using either radiolabeled or fluorescent receptor-based probes and from biochemical analysis of the effect of σ2 selective ligands on cells grown in culture. This article reviews the development of σ2 receptor ligands and presents an overview of how they have been used in vitro and in vivo to increase our understanding of the role of the σ2 receptor in cancer and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and ‡Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abate C, Ferorelli S, Niso M, Lovicario C, Infantino V, Convertini P, Perrone R, Berardi F. 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives as Potential σ2Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1847-57. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
39
|
Arylamides hybrids of two high-affinity σ2 receptor ligands as tools for the development of PET radiotracers. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4733-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
40
|
Abate C, Hornick JR, Spitzer D, Hawkins WG, Niso M, Perrone R, Berardi F. Fluorescent derivatives of σ receptor ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (PB28) as a tool for uptake and cellular localization studies in pancreatic tumor cells. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5858-67. [PMID: 21744858 DOI: 10.1021/jm200591t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent derivatives of σ(2) high affinity ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine 1 (PB28) were synthesized. NBD or dansyl fluorescent tags were connected through a 5- or 6-atom linker in two diverse positions of 1 structure. Good σ(2) affinities were obtained when the fluorescent tag was linked to 5-methoxytetralin nucleus replacing the methyl function. NBD-bearing compound 16 displayed high σ(2) affinity (K(i) = 10.8 nM) and optimal fluorescent properties. Its uptake in pancreatic tumor cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, showing that it partially occurs through endocytosis. In proliferating cells, the uptake was higher supporting that σ(2) receptors are markers of cell proliferation and that the higher the proliferation is, the stronger the antiproliferative effect of σ(2) agonists is. Colocalization of 16 with subcellular organelles was studied by confocal microscopy: the greatest was in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Fluorescent σ(2) ligands show their potential in clarifying the mechanisms of action of σ(2) receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abate C, Niso M, Contino M, Colabufo NA, Ferorelli S, Perrone R, Berardi F. 1-Cyclohexyl-4-(4-arylcyclohexyl)piperazines: Mixed σ and human Δ(8)-Δ(7) sterol isomerase ligands with antiproliferative and P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:73-80. [PMID: 21069657 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many new chemotherapeutic agents are under preclinical investigation and, despite efforts to more selectively target cancer cells, limitations such as toxicity and inherent resistance are often encountered. Therefore, alternative strategies are needed to treat cancer and overcome such limitations. We describe novel cyclohexylpiperazine derivatives, designed as mixed affinity ligands for sigma (σ) receptors and human Δ₈-Δ₇ sterol isomerase (HSI) ligands, which also exhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory activity, with the aim of exploiting the antiproliferative effects mediated by σ and HSI sites while overcoming P-gp-mediated resistance. All of the compounds displayed high affinities for σ receptors and HSI sites, P-gp inhibitory activity, and σ₂ receptor agonist antiproliferative activity. Antiproliferative activity was also tested in PC-3 cells to establish σ₁ and HSI contribution. Compound cis-11, which displayed the best antiproliferative and P-gp inhibitory activities, was co-administered with 0.1 μM doxorubicin in MDCK-MDR1 cells. Compound cis-11 caused 70 % and 90 % cell death when co-administered at 30 μM and 50 μm, respectively. When administered alone, cis-11 resulted in 50 % cell death, demonstrating its single agent antitumor properties in a tumor cell line overexpressing P-gp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Banister SD, Moussa IA, Jorgensen WT, Chua SW, Kassiou M. Molecular hybridization of 4-azahexacyclo[5.4.1.02,6.03,10.05,9.08,11]dodecane-3-ol with sigma (σ) receptor ligands modulates off-target activity and subtype selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3622-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
43
|
Abate C, Niso M, Lacivita E, Mosier PD, Toscano A, Perrone R. Analogues of σ receptor ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (PB28) with added polar functionality and reduced lipophilicity for potential use as positron emission tomography radiotracers. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1022-32. [PMID: 21229979 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-Cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine 1 (PB28) represents an excellent lead candidate for therapeutic and/or diagnostic applications in oncology. However, because its utility is limited by its relatively high degree of lipophilicity, novel analogues of 1 with reduced lipophilic character were designed by substituting methylene groups with more polar functional groups in the propylene linker and at the tetralin C4 position. For the chiral analogues, separate enantiomers exhibited substantial and roughly equal affinities within a given receptor subtype, with the greatest difference observed for compound 9 at σ(1) (7.5-fold; (-)-(S)-9 K(i) = 94.6 nM, (+)-(R)-9 K(i) = 12.6 nM). Compound (-)-(S)-9 was also found to be the most σ(2)-selective agent (σ(2) K(i) = 5.92 nM), to possess a lipophilicity consistent with entry into tumor cells (log D(7.4) = 2.38), and to show minimal antiproliferative activity. However, (-)-(S)-9 exhibited moderate activity (EC(50) = 8.1 μM) at the P-gp efflux pump.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moussa IA, Banister SD, Beinat C, Giboureau N, Reynolds AJ, Kassiou M. Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Affinity Relationships of Regioisomeric N-Benzyl Alkyl Ether Piperazine Derivatives as σ-1 Receptor Ligands. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6228-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolas Giboureau
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | | | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abate C, Elenewski J, Niso M, Berardi F, Colabufo NA, Azzariti A, Perrone R, Glennon RA. Interaction of the sigma(2) receptor ligand PB28 with the human nucleosome: computational and experimental probes of interaction with the H2A/H2B dimer. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:268-73. [PMID: 20077462 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-2 (sigma(2)) binding sites are an emerging target for anti-neoplastic agents due to the strong apoptotic effect exhibited by sigma(2) agonists in vitro and the overexpression of these sites in tumor cells. Nonetheless, no sigma(2) receptor protein has been identified. Affinity chromatography using the high-affinity sigma(2) ligand PB28 and human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells was previously utilized to identify sigma(2) ligand binding proteins, specifically histones H1, H2A, H2B, and H3.3a. To rationalize this finding, homology modeling and automated docking studies were employed to probe intermolecular interactions between PB28 and human nucleosomal proteins. These studies predicted interaction of PB28 with the H2A/H2B dimer at a series of sites previously found to be implicated in chromatin compaction and nucleosomal assembly. To experimentally verify this prediction, a competitive binding assay was performed on the reconstituted H2A/H2B dimer using [(3)H]PB28 as radioligand, and an IC(50) value of 0.50 nM was determined for PB28 binding. In addition, [(3)H]PB28 was found to accumulate with up to a fivefold excess in nuclear fractions over cytosolic fractions of SK-N-SH and MCF7 cells, indicating that PB28 is capable of entering the nucleus to interact with histone proteins. In conjunction with computational results, these data suggest that PB28 may exert its cytotoxic effect through direct interaction with nuclear material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Synthesis of carbon-11-labeled piperidine ring of N-[omega-(6-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)alkyl] derivatives as new selective PET sigma1 receptor probes. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 68:459-65. [PMID: 20060731 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-11-labeled piperidine ring of N-[omega-(6-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)alkyl] derivatives were first designed and synthesized as new selective PET sigma(1) receptor probes. The target tracers were prepared by O-[(11)C]methylation of their corresponding phenolic hydroxyl precursors using [(11)C]CH(3)OTf under basic conditions and isolated by a simplified SPE method in 40-50% radiochemical yields based on [(11)C]CO(2) and decay corrected to EOB. The overall synthesis time from EOB was 15-20 min, the radiochemical purity was >99%, and the specific activity at EOS was 111-185 GBq/micromol.
Collapse
|
47
|
Berardi F, Abate C, Ferorelli S, Uricchio V, Colabufo NA, Niso M, Perrone R. Exploring the Importance of Piperazine N-Atoms for σ2 Receptor Affinity and Activity in a Series of Analogs of 1-Cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (PB28). J Med Chem 2009; 52:7817-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9007505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Uricchio
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola A. Colabufo
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perrone
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Parry MJ, Alakoskela JMI, Khandelia H, Kumar SA, Jäättelä M, Mahalka AK, Kinnunen PKJ. High-affinity small molecule-phospholipid complex formation: binding of siramesine to phosphatidic acid. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12953-60. [PMID: 18767848 DOI: 10.1021/ja800516w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Siramesine (SRM) is a sigma-2 receptor agonist which has been recently shown to inhibit growth of cancer cells. Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments revealed two distinct binding sites for this drug in phospholipid membranes. More specifically, acidic phospholipids retain siramesine on the bilayer surface due to a high-affinity interaction, reaching saturation at an apparent 1:1 drug-acidic phospholipid stoichiometry, where after the drug penetrates into the hydrocarbon core of the membrane. This behavior was confirmed using Langmuir films. Of the anionic phospholipids, the highest affinity, comparable to the affinities for the binding of small molecule ligands to proteins, was measured for phosphatidic acid (PA, mole fraction of X(PA) = 0.2 in phosphatidylcholine vesicles), yielding a molecular partition coefficient of 240 +/- 80 x 10(6). An MD simulation on the siramesine:PA interaction was in agreement with the above data. Taking into account the key role of PA as a signaling molecule promoting cell growth our results suggest a new paradigm for the development of anticancer drugs, viz. design of small molecules specifically scavenging phospholipids involved in the signaling cascades controlling cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Parry
- Helsinki Biophysics & Biomembrane Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Colabufo NA, Abate C, Contino M, Inglese C, Niso M, Berardi F, Perrone R. PB183, a sigma receptor ligand, as a potential PET probe for the imaging of prostate adenocarcinoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1990-3. [PMID: 18276137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PB183, a non-selective sigma receptor ligand displaying high sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor affinity, was evaluated in prostate tumour cell lines for its suitability as PET radiotracer. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties suggested PB183 as a potential PET radiotracer to visualize prostate adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Colabufo NA, Abate C, Contino M, Inglese C, Ferorelli S, Berardi F, Perrone R. Tritium radiolabelling of PB28, a potent sigma-2 receptor ligand: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2183-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|