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Lima LM, Silva BNMD, Barbosa G, Barreiro EJ. β-lactam antibiotics: An overview from a medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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In Silico Food-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Eluxadoline and Fatty Meal. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239127. [PMID: 33266221 PMCID: PMC7731208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-drug interaction is an infrequently considered aspect in clinical practice. Usually, drugs are taken together with meals and what follows may adversely affect pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and hence, the therapeutic effects. In this study, a computational protocol was proposed to explain the different assimilations of two µ-receptors agonists, eluxadoline and loperamide, with a peculiar pharmacokinetic profile. Compared to loperamide, eluxadoline is absorbed less after the intake of a fatty meal, and the LogP values do not explain this event. Firstly, keeping in mind the different pH in the intestinal tract, the protonation states of both compounds were calculated. Then, all structures were subjected to a conformational search by using MonteCarlo and Molecular Dynamics methods, with solvation terms mimicking the water and weak polar solvent (octanol). Both computational results showed that eluxadoline has less conformational freedom in octanol, unlike loperamide, which exhibits constant behavior in both solvents. Therefore, we hypothesize that fatty meal causes the "closure" of the eluxadoline molecule to prevent the exposure of the polar groups and their interaction with water, necessary for the drug absorption. Based on our results, this work could be a reasonable "case study", useful for future investigation of the drug pharmacokinetic profile.
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Song L, Yu Z, Xu Y, Li X, Liu X, Liu D, Zhou T. Preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of renally cleared drugs in Chinese pregnant women. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:248-267. [PMID: 32520400 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to build and verify a preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of Chinese pregnant women. The model was used to predict maternal pharmacokinetics (PK) of 6 predominantly renally cleared drugs. METHOD Based on SimCYP Caucasian pregnancy population dataset, the preliminary Chinese pregnant population was built by updating several key parameters and equations according to physiological parameters of Chinese (or Japanese) pregnant women. Drug-specific parameters of 6 renally cleared drugs were validated through PBPK modeling of Caucasian non-pregnant, Caucasian pregnant and Chinese non-pregnant population. The preliminary PBPK model of Chinese pregnant population was then developed by integrating the preliminary Chinese pregnant population and the drug-specific parameters. This model was verified by comparing the predicted maternal PK of these 6 drugs with the observed in vivo data from the literature. RESULTS The preliminary Chinese pregnant population PBPK model successfully predicted the PK of 6 target drugs for different pregnancy stages. The predicted plasma concentrations time profiles fitted the observed data well, and most predicted PK parameters were within 2-fold of observed data. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary Chinese pregnant population PBPK model provided a useful tool to predict the maternal PK of 6 predominantly renally cleared drugs in Chinese pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuanlin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianyan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Pang H, Wang Y, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Fe-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings of Terminal (Hetero)Aryl Alkenes and Alkyl Halides under Aqueous Micellar Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17117-17124. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Suárez D, Díaz N. Affinity Calculations of Cyclodextrin Host-Guest Complexes: Assessment of Strengths and Weaknesses of End-Point Free Energy Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:421-440. [PMID: 30566348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The end-point methods like MM/PBSA or MM/GBSA estimate the free energy of a biomolecule by combining its molecular mechanics energy with solvation free energy and entropy terms. On the one hand, their performance largely depends on the particular system of interest, and despite numerous attempts to improve their reliability that have resulted in many variants, there is still no clear alternative to improve their accuracy. On the other hand, the relatively small cyclodextrin host-guest complexes, for which high-quality binding calorimetric data are usually available, are becoming reference models for testing the accuracy of free energy methods. In this work, we further assess the performance of various MM/PBSA-like approaches as applied to cyclodextrin complexes. To this end, we select a set of complexes between β-cyclodextrin and 57 small organic molecules that has been previously studied with the binding energy distribution analysis method in combination with an implicit solvent model ( Wickstrom, L.; He, P.; Gallicchio, E.; Levy, R. M. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2013 , 9 , 3136 - 3150 ). For each complex, a conventional 1.0 μs molecular dynamics simulation in explicit solvent is performed. Then we employ semiempirical quantum chemical calculations, several variants of the MM-PB(GB)SA methods, entropy estimations, etc., to assess the reliability of the end-point affinity calculations. The best end-point protocol in this study, which combines DFTB3 energies with entropy corrections, yields estimations of the binding free energies that still have substantial errors (RMSE = 2.2 kcal/mol), but it exhibits a good prediction capacity in terms of ligand ranking ( R2 = 0.66) that is close to or even better than that of rigorous free energy methodologies. Our results can be helpful to discriminate between the intrinsic limitations of the end-point methods and other sources of error, such as the underlying energy and continuum solvation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Suárez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica , Universidad de Oviedo , Avda. Julián Clavería 8 , Oviedo , Asturias 33006 , Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica , Universidad de Oviedo , Avda. Julián Clavería 8 , Oviedo , Asturias 33006 , Spain
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Antimicrobial molecules in the lung: formulation challenges and future directions for innovation. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:575-604. [PMID: 29473765 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled antimicrobials have been extremely beneficial in treating respiratory infections, particularly chronic infections in a lung with cystic fibrosis. The pulmonary delivery of antibiotics has been demonstrated to improve treatment efficacy, reduce systemic side effects and, critically, reduce drug exposure to commensal bacteria compared with systemic administration, reducing selective pressure for antimicrobial resistance. This review will explore the specific challenges of pulmonary delivery of a number of differing antimicrobial molecules, and the formulation and technological approaches that have been used to overcome these difficulties. It will also explore the future challenges being faced in the development of inhaled products and respiratory infection treatment, and identify future directions of innovation, with a particular focus on respiratory infections caused by multiple drug-resistant pathogens.
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Chang SC, Hsu TH, Chu YH, Lin HM, Lee MJ. Micronization of aztreonam with supercritical anti-solvent process. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song B, Galande AK, Kodukula K, Moos WH, Miller SM. Evaluation of the pKa values and ionization sequence of bumetanide using 1H and 13C NMR and UV spectroscopy. Drug Dev Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Benson MT, Moser ML, Peterman DR, Dinescu A. Determination of pKa for dithiophosphinic acids using density functional theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoffmann M, Nowosielski M. DFT study on hydroxy acid-lactone interconversion of statins: the case of atorvastatin. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3527-31. [PMID: 19082153 DOI: 10.1039/b803342k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATV), the best known HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor family member, undergoes pH-dependent hydroxy acid-lactone interconversion similar to other statins. Although the only active form is a linear one, it was shown that drug interactions should also be considered for the lactone. The ATV lactonisation-hydrolysis mechanism was investigated theoretically using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Under both mildly acidic and basic conditions, the ATV lactone form is less stable than its hydroxy acid form. However, in the presence of a carboxylic acid, the equilibrium was only slightly shifted towards the lactone side (4 kcal mol(-1) difference between the substrate and the product), while energy gain for the hydrolysis under basic conditions amounts to 18 kcal mol(-1). Hydrolysis activation energy barriers were 19 and 6 kcal mol(-1), in acidic and basic conditions, respectively. We determined one-step interconversion as unfavourable under physiological conditions due to a 35 kcal mol(-1) activation energy barrier. All data were compared with analogue ones for fluvastatin (FLV) reported earlier and indicated that ATV is more flexible than FLV, not only due to the fact that it has more rotatable carbon-carbon single bonds, but also because ATV lactonistation-hydrolysis energy barriers are lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Hoffmann
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland.
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Grabarkiewicz T, Grobelny P, Hoffmann M, Mielcarek J. DFT study on hydroxy acid-lactone interconversion of statins: The case of fluvastatin. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4299-306. [PMID: 17102875 DOI: 10.1039/b612999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluvastatin is a member of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor family of drugs, commonly referred to as statins. It is generally known that, under physiological conditions, statins are susceptible to pH-dependent interconversion between their active (hydroxy acid) and inactive (lactone) forms. The mechanism of this interconversion, under both acidic and basic conditions, was investigated theoretically using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Regardless of the conditions, the lactone form was always higher in energy by 6-19 kcal mol(-1). However, under basic conditions, the activation barrier for the hydrolysis was significantly lower (9 kcal mol(-1)) than for the reverse reaction (28 kcal mol(-1)), making the lactone form unstable. The activation barriers under acidic conditions were of comparable height in both directions (22 and 28 kcal mol(-1)), making the occurrence of both forms equally probable. Due to the high activation barrier (>40 kcal mol(-1)), a one-step, direct interconversion between the two forms turned out to be unfavourable. Moreover, the potential energy surface of fluvastatin was briefly inspected, revealing relatively small energetic differences (<5 kcal mol(-1)) between the key conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Grabarkiewicz
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland.
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