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Rampazzo R, Vavasori A, Ronchin L, Riello P, Marchiori M, Saorin G, Beghetto V. Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Vancomycin Loaded on Functionalized Polyketones. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1890. [PMID: 39000745 PMCID: PMC11244503 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, polymeric drug delivery systems (DDS) appear as an interesting solution against bacterial resistance, having great advantages such as low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this work, two polyketones (PK) have been post-functionalized with sodium taurinate (PKT) or potassium sulfanilate (PKSK) and employed as carriers for Vancomycin against bacterial infections. Modified PKs were easily prepared by the Paal-Knorr reaction and loaded with Vancomycin at a variable pH. All polymers were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TGA, SEM, and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and correlated to the different pHs used for its loading (between 2.3 and 8.8). In particular, the minimum inhibitory concentrations achieved with PKT and PKSK loaded with Vancomycin were similar, at 0.23 μg/mL and 0.24 μg/mL, respectively, i.e., six times lower than that with Vancomycin alone. The use of post-functionalized aliphatic polyketones has thus been demonstrated to be a promising way to obtain very efficient polymeric DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Rampazzo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Andrea Vavasori
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Lucio Ronchin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Pietro Riello
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Martina Marchiori
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino5 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, 701268 Bari, Italy
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2
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Fu Q, Cao D, Sun J, Liu X, Li H, Shu C, Liu R. Prediction and bioactivity of small-molecule antimicrobial peptides from Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis larvae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124672. [PMID: 37007486 PMCID: PMC10060639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely recognized as promising natural antimicrobial agents. Insects, as the group of animals with the largest population, have great potential as a source of AMPs. Thus, it is worthwhile to investigate potential novel AMPs from Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis larvae, which is a saprophagous pest prevalent in China. In this study, comparing the whole-genome sequence of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis larvae with the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD3) led to the identification of nine peptide templates that were potentially AMPs. Next, based on the peptide templates, 16 truncated sequences were predicted to the AMPs by bioinformatics software and then underwent structural and physicochemical property analysis. Thereafter, candidate small-molecule AMPs were artificially synthesized and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were assessed. A candidate peptide, designated FD10, exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi comprising Escherichia coli (MIC: 8 μg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 8 μg/mL), Bacillus thuringiensis (MIC: 8 μg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 16 μg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC: 16 μg/mL). Additionally, two other candidate peptides, designated FD12 and FD15, exhibited antimicrobial activity against both E. coli (MIC: both 32 μg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC: both 16 μg/mL). Moreover, FD10, FD12, and FD15 killed almost all E. coli and S. aureus cells within 1 h, and the hemolytic effect of FD10 (0.31%) and FD12 (0.40%) was lower than that of ampicillin (0.52%). These findings indicate that FD12, FD15, and especially FD10 are promising AMPs for therapeutic application. This study promoted the development of antibacterial drugs and provided a theoretical basis for promoting the practical application of antimicrobial peptides in the Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dengtian Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinbo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changlong Shu,
| | - Rongmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Rongmei Liu,
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3
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Pashapour A, Sardari S, Ehsani P. In Silico Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Novel AMPs Derived From Human LL-37 as Potential Antimicrobial Agents for Keratitis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e124017. [PMID: 36710989 PMCID: PMC9872548 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-124017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The human body produces two classes of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), namely defensins and cathelicidins. In this study, a novel decapeptide (Catoid) and its dimer (Dicatoid) based on human cathelicidin (LL-37) have been designed by bioinformatics tools to be used in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. After the selection and synthesis of peptide sequences, their antimicrobial activities against the standard and resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. This test was performed with LL-37, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and penicillin for a more accurate comparison. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity levels of the specified compounds on fibroblast cells and bovine corneal endothelial cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that the designed peptides had a superior antimicrobial activity on P. aeruginosa, compared to LL-37; however, Catoid had a better effect on the S. aureus strain. Additionally, a significant achievement is the very low toxicity level of Catoid and Dicatoid on the human skin fibroblast cell line and bovine corneal endothelial cells, compared to that of LL-37 as the initial design model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Pashapour
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Sun H, Wang Y, Song J. Polymer Vesicles for Antimicrobial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2903. [PMID: 34502943 PMCID: PMC8434374 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer vesicles, hollow nanostructures with hydrophilic cavity and hydrophobic membrane, have shown significant potentials in biomedical applications including drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer theranostics, and so forth, due to their unique cell membrane-like structure. Incorporation with antibacterial active components like antimicrobial peptides, etc., polymer vesicles exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, extended circulation time, and reduced cell toxicity. Furthermore, antibacterial, and anticancer can be achieved simultaneously, opening a new avenue of the antimicrobial applications of polymer vesicles. This review seeks to highlight the state-of-the-art of antimicrobial polymer vesicles, including the design strategies and potential applications in the field of antibacterial. The structural features of polymer vesicles, preparation methods, and the combination principles with antimicrobial active components, as well as the advantages of antimicrobial polymer vesicles, will be discussed. Then, the diverse applications of antimicrobial polymer vesicles such as wide spectrum antibacterial, anti-biofilm, wound healing, and tissue engineering associated with their structure features are presented. Finally, future perspectives of polymer vesicles in the field of antibacterial is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
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5
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Cui Z, Luo Q, Bannon MS, Gray VP, Bloom TG, Clore MF, Hughes MA, Crawford MA, Letteri RA. Molecular engineering of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-polymer conjugates. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5069-5091. [PMID: 34096936 PMCID: PMC8493962 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance becomes an increasing threat, bringing significant economic and health burdens, innovative antimicrobial treatments are urgently needed. While antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutics, exhibiting high activity against resistant bacterial strains, limited stability and toxicity to mammalian cells has hindered clinical development. Attaching AMPs to polymers provides opportunities to present AMPs in a way that maximizes bacterial killing while enhancing compatibility with mammalian cells, stability, and solubility. Conjugation of an AMP to a linear hydrophilic polymer yields the desired improvements in stability, mammalian cell compatibility, and solubility, yet often markedly reduces bactericidal effects. Non-linear polymer architectures and supramolecular assemblies that accommodate multiple AMPs per polymer chain afford AMP-polymer conjugates that strike a superior balance of antimicrobial activity, mammalian cell compatibility, stability, and solubility. Therefore, we review the design criteria, building blocks, and synthetic strategies for engineering AMP-polymer conjugates, emphasizing the connection between molecular architecture and antimicrobial performance to inspire and enable further innovation to advance this emerging class of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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6
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Li W, Separovic F, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Wade JD. Chemically modified and conjugated antimicrobial peptides against superbugs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4932-4973. [PMID: 33710195 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050, will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents, both broad-spectrum and selective, that do not induce AMR are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a novel class of alternatives that possess potent activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and positive bacteria with little or no capacity to induce AMR. This has stimulated substantial chemical development of novel peptide-based antibiotics possessing improved therapeutic index. This review summarises recent synthetic efforts and their impact on analogue design as well as their various applications in AMP development. It includes modifications that have been reported to enhance antimicrobial activity including lipidation, glycosylation and multimerization through to the broad application of novel bio-orthogonal chemistry, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research. The subject area is primarily the development of next-generation antimicrobial agents through selective, rational chemical modification of AMPs. The review further serves as a guide toward the most promising directions in this field to stimulate broad scientific attention, and will lead to new, effective and selective solutions for the several biomedical challenges to which antimicrobial peptidomimetics are being applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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7
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Ghosh U, Soni I, Kaul G, Trivedi P, Chaturvedi V, Chopra S, Kanti Chakraborty T. Synthesis and Biological Studies of Dodecameric Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Containing Tetrahydrofuran Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2518-2526. [PMID: 32297461 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report here a concise route to synthesize various stereoisomers of tetrahydrofuran amino acids (TAAs) and the synthesis of TAA-containing linear cationic dodecapeptides. Some of these linear peptides show slightly better antimicrobial activities than their tetra- and octameric congeners, but no activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for which octapeptides exhibited by far the best results; this implies that antibacterial activity is dependent on the length of these linear peptides. All the dodecapeptides described here were found to be toxic in nature against Vero cells. The study helps to delineate the optimal length of this series of linear peptides and select potential leads in the development of novel cationic peptide-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Isha Soni
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Chakraborty
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
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8
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Luppi L, Babut T, Petit E, Rolland M, Quemener D, Soussan L, Moradi MA, Semsarilar M. Antimicrobial polylysine decorated nano-structures prepared through polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA). Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polylysine decorated diblock copolymer nano-objects are prepared by polymerization-induced self-assemblyviaRAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. Antimicrobial properties of the resulting nano-objects evaluated using a gram positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Luppi
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - T. Babut
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - E. Petit
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - M. Rolland
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - D. Quemener
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - L. Soussan
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - M. A. Moradi
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM
- UMR 5635
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
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9
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Sowińska M, Laskowska A, Guśpiel A, Solecka J, Bochynska-Czyż M, Lipkowski AW, Trzeciak K, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z. Bioinspired Amphiphilic Peptide Dendrimers as Specific and Effective Compounds against Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates of E. coli. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3571-3585. [PMID: 30235928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evolution-derived natural compounds have been inspirational for design of numerous pharmaceuticals, e.g., penicillins and tetracyclines. Herein, we present a bioinspired strategy to design peptide dendrimers for the effective therapy of E. coli infections where the selection of appropriate amino acids and the mode of their assembly are based on the information gained from research on membranolytic natural antimicrobial peptides (AMP's). On the molecular level two opposite effects were explored: the effect of multiple positive charges necessary for membrane disintegration was equilibrated by the anchoring role of tryptophanes. Indeed, a series of Trp-terminated dendrimers exhibited high potency against clinical isolates of antibiotic resistant ESBL E. coli strains, stability in human plasma along with very low hemo- and genotoxicity. Investigation of the underlying antimicrobial mechanism indicated that the dendrimers studied at minimal inhibitory concentration showed weak permeability toward membranes. Solid-state 2D NMR studies revealed their presence on and inside the model membranes. Therefore, their biological properties might be explained by targeting of extra- or intracellular receptors. Our results point to a new approach to design novel branched antimicrobials with high therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sowińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS , Kasprzaka Str. 44/54 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland
| | - Anna Laskowska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene , Chocimska Str. 24 , Warsaw 00-791 , Poland
| | - Adam Guśpiel
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene , Chocimska Str. 24 , Warsaw 00-791 , Poland
| | - Jolanta Solecka
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene , Chocimska Str. 24 , Warsaw 00-791 , Poland
| | - Marta Bochynska-Czyż
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS , Pawinskiego Str. 5 , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS , Pawinskiego Str. 5 , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Trzeciak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS , Kasprzaka Str. 44/54 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies PAS , Sienkiewicza 112 , 90-363 Lodz , Poland
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10
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Wan X, Chen J, Cheng C, Zhang H, Zhao S, Li J, Lv X, Wang Z, Gao R. Improved expression of recombinant fusion defensin gene plasmids packed with chitosan-derived nanoparticles and effect on antibacteria and mouse immunity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3965-3972. [PMID: 30402146 PMCID: PMC6200956 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a secure and competent technique to express the human immune gene for fighting infections, we cloned and expressed the BD2/3 using VR1020 (a eukaryotic expression plasmid). BD2/3 contains human β-defensin 2 (BD2) and human BD3. To explore safe and effective DNA delivery molecules in vitro and in vivo, the fusion genes of BD2/3 were used as an immune-labelled gene to verify transfection effectivness of modified chitosan (CS). Plasmid of VR1020-BD2/3 was packed with biomaterials: CS, average molecular weight: 25000D; polyethylene glycol-O-chitosan-polyethylenimine (PEG-O-CS-PEI); liposomes (LP); polyamine cationic liposomes (PCL); polyamine cationic liposomes of protamine (PCL-protamine) by ionotropic gelation. We observed that BD2/3 fusion gene showed high bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. The BD2/3 fusion protein inhibited the proliferation of bacteria (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and E. coli). The Kunming mice were immune to these nanoparticles and we analyzed their delivery efficiency and gene expression effect. BD2/3 results in multiple changes of innate and required immune system of mice. BD2/3 increases expression of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, as well as of lymphocytes and monocytes. Following challenge with virulent E. coli, CD4+ and CD8+ positive T-cell counts were highly elevated in the BD2/3 immunized mice, resulting in higher survival rates of mice. These results indicate that nanoparticles containing modified CS and BD2/3 are potentially safe and effective drugs in vivo to improve the immunity against bacterial infection and enhance innate immunity and adaptive immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Chi Cheng
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Shiji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jianglin Li
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Lv
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P.R. China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- Center for Animal Disease Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610035, P.R. China
| | - Rong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
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11
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Sun H, Hong Y, Xi Y, Zou Y, Gao J, Du J. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Biomedical Applications of Antimicrobial Peptide-Polymer Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2018. [PMID: 29539262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been attracting much attention due to their excellent antimicrobial efficiency and low rate in driving antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has been increasing globally to alarming levels. Conjugation of AMPs into functional polymers not only preserves excellent antimicrobial activities but reduces the toxicity and offers more functionalities, which brings new insight toward developing multifunctional biomedical materials such as hydrogels, polymer vesicles, polymer micelles, and so forth. These nanomaterials have been exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including multidrug-resistant (MDR) ones, high selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, suggesting promising potentials in wound dressing, implant coating, antibiofilm, tissue engineering, and so forth. This Perspective seeks to highlight the state-of-the-art strategy for the synthesis, self-assembly, and biomedical applications of AMP-polymer conjugates and explore the promising directions for future research ranging from synthetic strategies, multistage and stimuli-responsive antibacterial activities, antifungi applications, and potentials in elimination of inflammation during medical treatment. It also will provide perspectives on how to stem the remaining challenges and unresolved problems in combating bacteria, including MDR ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yuanxiu Hong
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yuejing Xi
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yijie Zou
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072 , China
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12
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13
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Bondaryk M, Staniszewska M, Zielińska P, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z. Natural Antimicrobial Peptides as Inspiration for Design of a New Generation Antifungal Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E46. [PMID: 29371563 PMCID: PMC5715947 DOI: 10.3390/jof3030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates, despite appropriate antifungal therapy. Limited therapeutic options, resistance development and the high mortality of invasive fungal infections brought about more concern triggering the search for new compounds capable of interfering with fungal viability and virulence. In this context, peptides gained attention as promising candidates for the antimycotics development. Variety of structural and functional characteristics identified for various natural antifungal peptides makes them excellent starting points for design novel drug candidates. Current review provides a brief overview of natural and synthetic antifungal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bondaryk
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Zielińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Vries RD, Andrade CAS, Bakuzis AF, Mandal SM, Franco OL. Next-generation nanoantibacterial tools developed from peptides. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1643-61. [PMID: 26008197 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria resistant against various antimicrobial compounds have emerged in many countries, and the age of resistance has just started. Among the more promising novel antimicrobial compounds on which current research is focusing are the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These are often less susceptible to bacterial resistance since multiple modifications in the cellular membranes, cell wall and metabolism are required to reduce their effectiveness. Most likely, the use of pure AMPs will be insufficient for controlling pathogenic bacteria, and innovative approaches are required to employ AMPs in new antibiotic treatments. Therefore, here we review novel bionanotechnological approaches, including nanofibers, nanoparticles and magnetic particles for effectively using AMPs in fighting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renko de Vries
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A S Andrade
- 3Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andris F Bakuzis
- 4Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Santi M Mandal
- 5Anti-Infective Research Lab, Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, Índia
| | - Octavio L Franco
- 6Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70790-160, Brazil.,7S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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15
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Koh JJ, Lin H, Caroline V, Chew YS, Pang LM, Aung TT, Li J, Lakshminarayanan R, Tan DTH, Verma C, Tan AL, Beuerman RW, Liu S. N-Lipidated Peptide Dimers: Effective Antibacterial Agents against Gram-Negative Pathogens through Lipopolysaccharide Permeabilization. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26214729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is challenging, and there is concern regarding the toxicity of the most effective antimicrobials for Gram-negative pathogens. We hypothesized that conjugating a fatty acid moiety onto a peptide dimer could maximize the interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and facilitate the permeabilization of the LPS barrier, thereby improving potency against Gram-negative pathogens. We systematically designed a series of N-lipidated peptide dimers that are active against Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). The optimized lipid length was 6-10 carbons. At these lipid lengths, the N-lipidated peptide dimers exhibited strong LPS permeabilization. Compound 23 exhibited synergy with select antibiotics in most of the combinations tested. 23 and 32 also displayed rapid bactericidal activity. Importantly, 23 and 32 were nonhemolytic at 10 mg/mL, with no cellular or in vivo toxicity. These characteristics suggest that these compounds can overcome the limitations of current Gram-negative-targeted antimicrobials such as polymyxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 119074, Singapore
| | - Huifen Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Vonny Caroline
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Yu Siang Chew
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Pang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street, 07-01 matrix, 138671, Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore.,SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School , 169857, Singapore
| | - Donald T H Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 119074, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre , 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
| | - Chandra Verma
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR) , 30 Biopolis Street, 07-01 matrix, 138671, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital , 169608, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore.,SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School , 169857, Singapore
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia , 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore.,SRP Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School , 169857, Singapore
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16
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Sivertsen A, Isaksson J, Leiros HKS, Svenson J, Svendsen JS, Brandsdal BO. Synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides bind with their hydrophobic parts to drug site II of human serum albumin. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 14:4. [PMID: 24456893 PMCID: PMC3907362 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Many biologically active compounds bind to plasma transport proteins, and this binding can be either advantageous or disadvantageous from a drug design perspective. Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most important transport proteins in the cardiovascular system due to its great binding capacity and high physiological concentration. HSA has a preference for accommodating neutral lipophilic and acidic drug-like ligands, but is also surprisingly able to bind positively charged peptides. Understanding of how short cationic antimicrobial peptides interact with human serum albumin is of importance for developing such compounds into the clinics. Results The binding of a selection of short synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) to human albumin with binding affinities in the μM range is described. Competitive isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and NMR WaterLOGSY experiments mapped the binding site of the CAPs to the well-known drug site II within subdomain IIIA of HSA. Thermodynamic and structural analysis revealed that the binding is exclusively driven by interactions with the hydrophobic moieties of the peptides, and is independent of the cationic residues that are vital for antimicrobial activity. Both of the hydrophobic moieties comprising the peptides were detected to interact with drug site II by NMR saturation transfer difference (STD) group epitope mapping (GEM) and INPHARMA experiments. Molecular models of the complexes between the peptides and albumin were constructed using docking experiments, and support the binding hypothesis and confirm the overall binding affinities of the CAPs. Conclusions The biophysical and structural characterizations of albumin-peptide complexes reported here provide detailed insight into how albumin can bind short cationic peptides. The hydrophobic elements of the peptides studied here are responsible for the main interaction with HSA. We suggest that albumin binding should be taken into careful consideration in antimicrobial peptide studies, as the systemic distribution can be significantly affected by HSA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bjørn Olav Brandsdal
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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17
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Bai Y, Liu S, Li J, Lakshminarayanan R, Sarawathi P, Tang C, Ho D, Verma C, Beuerman RW, Pervushin K. Progressive structuring of a branched antimicrobial peptide on the path to the inner membrane target. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26606-17. [PMID: 22700968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.363259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest has grown in the antimicrobial properties of certain natural and non-natural peptides. The strategy of inserting a covalent branch point in a peptide can improve its antimicrobial properties while retaining host biocompatibility. However, little is known regarding possible structural transitions as the peptide moves on the access path to the presumed target, the inner membrane. Establishing the nature of the interactions with the complex bacterial outer and inner membranes is important for effective peptide design. Structure-activity relationships of an amphiphilic, branched antimicrobial peptide (B2088) are examined using environment-sensitive fluorescent probes, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and high resolution NMR in solution and in condensed states. The peptide is reconstituted in bacterial outer membrane lipopolysaccharide extract as well as in a variety of lipid media mimicking the inner membrane of Gram-negative pathogens. Progressive structure accretion is observed for the peptide in water, LPS, and lipid environments. Despite inducing rapid aggregation of bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides, the peptide remains highly mobile in the aggregated lattice. At the inner membranes, the peptide undergoes further structural compaction mediated by interactions with negatively charged lipids, probably causing redistribution of membrane lipids, which in turn results in increased membrane permeability and bacterial lysis. These findings suggest that peptides possessing both enhanced mobility in the bacterial outer membrane and spatial structure facilitating its interactions with the membrane-water interface may provide excellent structural motifs to develop new antimicrobials that can overcome antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751
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18
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Effects of dimerization on the structure and biological activity of antimicrobial peptide Ctx-Ha. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:3004-10. [PMID: 22391524 DOI: 10.1128/aac.06262-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cationic antimicrobial peptides (cAMPs) are potential microbicidal agents for the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. However, the physicochemical properties of each peptide need to be optimized for clinical use. To evaluate the effects of dimerization on the structure and biological activity of the antimicrobial peptide Ctx-Ha, we have synthesized the monomeric and three dimeric (Lys-branched) forms of the Ctx-Ha peptide by solid-phase peptide synthesis using a combination of 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) chemical approaches. The antimicrobial activity assay showed that dimerization decreases the ability of the peptide to inhibit growth of bacteria or fungi; however, the dimeric analogs displayed a higher level of bactericidal activity. In addition, a dramatic increase (50 times) in hemolytic activity was achieved with these analogs. Permeabilization studies showed that the rate of carboxyfluorescein release was higher for the dimeric peptides than for the monomeric peptide, especially in vesicles that contained sphingomyelin. Despite different biological activities, the secondary structure and pore diameter were not significantly altered by dimerization. In contrast to the case for other dimeric cAMPs, we have shown that dimerization selectively decreases the antimicrobial activity of this peptide and increases the hemolytic activity. The results also show that the interaction between dimeric peptides and the cell wall could be responsible for the decrease of the antimicrobial activity of these peptides.
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19
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Peptide Scaffolds: Flexible Molecular Structures With Diverse Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Pept Res Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-011-9286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Kim JM, Jang SJ, Yang MH, Cho HJ, Lee KH. Characterization of Antibacterial Activity and Synergistic Effect of Cationic Antibacterial Peptide-resin Conjugates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.11.3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Enhanced chiral recognition by cyclodextrin dimers. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4637-46. [PMID: 21845101 PMCID: PMC3155374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we investigate the effect of multivalency in chiral recognition. To this end, we measured the host-guest interaction of a β-cyclodextrin dimer with divalent chiral guests. We report the synthesis of carbohydrate-based water soluble chiral guests functionalized with two borneol, menthol, or isopinocampheol units in either (+) or (−) configuration. We determined the interaction of these divalent guests with a β-cyclodextrin dimer using isothermal titration calorimetry. It was found that—in spite of a highly unfavorable conformation—the cyclodextrin dimer binds to guest dimers with an increased enantioselectivity, which clearly reflects the effect of multivalency.
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22
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Zhang X, Liu H, Miao Z, Kimura R, Fan F, Cheng Z. Macrocyclic chelator assembled RGD multimers for tumor targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3423-6. [PMID: 21524578 PMCID: PMC3098922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic chelators have been extensively used for complexation of metal ions. A widely used chelator, DOTA, has been explored as a molecular platform to assemble multiple bioactive peptides in this paper. The multivalent DOTA-peptide bioconjugates demonstrate promising tumor targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
| | - Zheng Miao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
| | - Richard Kimura
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
| | - Feiyue Fan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
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23
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Rationale-based, de novo design of dehydrophenylalanine-containing antibiotic peptides and systematic modification in sequence for enhanced potency. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2178-88. [PMID: 21321136 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01493-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased microbial drug resistance has generated a global requirement for new anti-infective agents. As part of an effort to develop new, low-molecular-mass peptide antibiotics, we used a rationale-based minimalist approach to design short, nonhemolytic, potent, and broad-spectrum antibiotic peptides with increased serum stability. These peptides were designed to attain an amphipathic structure in helical conformations. VS1 was used as the lead compound, and its properties were compared with three series of derivates obtained by (i) N-terminal amino acid addition, (ii) systematic Trp substitution, and (iii) peptide dendrimerization. The Trp substitution approach underlined the optimized sequence of VS2 in terms of potency, faster membrane permeation, and cost-effectiveness. VS2 (a variant of VS1 with two Trp substitutions) was found to exhibit good antimicrobial activity against both the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It was also found to have noncytolytic activity and the ability to permeate and depolarize the bacterial membrane. Lysis of the bacterial cell wall and inner membrane by the peptide was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. A combination of small size, the presence of unnatural amino acids, high antimicrobial activity, insignificant hemolysis, and proteolytic resistance provides fundamental information for the de novo design of an antimicrobial peptide useful for the management of infectious disease.
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24
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Young AW, Liu Z, Zhou C, Totsingan F, Jiwrajka N, Shi Z, Kallenbach NR. Structure and antimicrobial properties of multivalent short peptides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00247j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Zhong J, Chau Y. Synthesis, characterization, and thermodynamic study of a polyvalent lytic peptide-polymer conjugate as novel anticancer agent. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2055-64. [PMID: 20964334 DOI: 10.1021/bc1002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a new polyvalent lytic peptide-polymer conjugate as a novel chemotherapeutic agent capable of overcoming multidrug resistance. A hexapeptide (KWKWKW or (KW)₃) was designed and conjugated to dextran in multiple copies to afford a polyvalent conjugate. A robust synthesis procedure involving click chemistry and the detailed characterization of the conjugate were reported here. The conjugate Dex-(KW)₃ exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer potency in vitro by up to 500-fold compared to monomeric (KW)₃. The LC₅₀ value was comparable to that of conventional lytic peptides which have more than 20 residues. No hemolytic activity was shown by the conjugates up to 300 μM. Thermodynamic study indicated that the binding of conjugates was predominantly entropy-driven while the binding of free peptides was mainly enthalpy-driven, implying a deeper penetration of conjugate into the core of lipid bilayer. The binding affinity of conjugate to neutral membrane is much higher than that to free peptide (K(conj) ≈ 8822.9 M⁻¹, K(pep) ≈ 1884.7 M⁻¹). In binding to negatively charged membrane, the conjugate surpassed free peptides at high concentrations when the binding of free peptides became saturated. The higher binding capability, attributed to the high local concentration of peptides mounted on a polymer backbone, explains the superior anticancer activity of polyvalent Dex-(KW)₃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
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26
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Multivalent Antimicrobial Peptides as Therapeutics: Design Principles and Structural Diversities. Int J Pept Res Ther 2010; 16:199-213. [PMID: 20835389 PMCID: PMC2931633 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-010-9230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the design principles, progress and advantages attributed to the structural diversity associated with both natural and synthetic multivalent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Natural homo- or hetero-dimers of AMPs linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds existed in the animal kingdom, but the multivalency strategy has been adopted to create synthetic branched or polymeric AMPs that do not exist in nature. The multivalent strategy for the design of multivalent AMPs provides advantages to overcome the challenges faced in clinical applications of AMPs, such as: stability, efficiency, toxicity, maintenance of activity in high salt concentrations and under physiological conditions, and importantly overcoming bacterial resistance which is currently a leading health problem in the world. The multivalency strategy is valuable for moving multivalent AMPs toward clinical applications.
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27
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Jay JI, Lai BE, Myszka DG, Mahalingam A, Langheinrich K, Katz DF, Kiser PF. Multivalent benzoboroxole functionalized polymers as gp120 glycan targeted microbicide entry inhibitors. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:116-29. [PMID: 20014858 DOI: 10.1021/mp900159n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbicides are women-controlled prophylactics for sexually transmitted infections. The most important class of microbicides target HIV-1 and contain antiviral agents formulated for topical vaginal delivery. Identification of new viral entry inhibitors that target the HIV-1 envelope is important because they can inactivate HIV-1 in the vaginal lumen before virions can come in contact with CD4+ cells in the vaginal mucosa. Carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) demonstrate the ability to act as entry inhibitors due to their ability to bind to glycans and prevent gp120 binding to CD4+ cells. However, as proteins they present significant challenges in regard to economical production and formulation for resource-poor environments. We have synthesized water-soluble polymer CBAs that contain multiple benzoboroxole moieties. A benzoboroxole-functionalized monomer was synthesized and incorporated into linear oligomers with 2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide (HPMAm) at different feed ratios using free radical polymerization. The benzoboroxole small molecule analogue demonstrated weak affinity for HIV-1BaL gp120 by SPR; however, the 25 mol % functionalized benzoboroxole oligomer demonstrated a 10-fold decrease in the K(D) for gp120, suggesting an increased avidity for the multivalent polymer construct. High molecular weight polymers functionalized with 25, 50, and 75 mol % benzoboroxole were synthesized and tested for their ability to neutralize HIV-1 entry for two HIV-1 clades and both R5 and X4 coreceptor tropism. All three polymers demonstrated activity against all viral strains tested with EC(50)s that decrease from 15000 nM (1500 microg mL(-1)) for the 25 mol % functionalized polymers to 11 nM (1 microg mL(-1)) for the 75 mol % benzoboroxole-functionalized polymers. These polymers exhibited minimal cytotoxicity after 24 h exposure to a human vaginal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie I Jay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5820, USA
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28
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Effects of Trp- and Arg-containing antimicrobial-peptide structure on inhibition of Escherichia coli planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:1967-74. [PMID: 20097816 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02321-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile microbial communities that cause serious chronic infections with high morbidity and mortality. In order to develop more effective approaches for biofilm control, a series of linear cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with various arginine (Arg or R) and tryptophan (Trp or W) repeats [(RW)(n)-NH(2), where n = 2, 3, or 4] were rigorously compared to correlate their structures with antimicrobial activities affecting the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. The chain length of AMPs appears to be important for inhibition of bacterial planktonic growth, since the hexameric and octameric peptides significantly inhibited E. coli growth, while tetrameric peptide did not cause noticeable inhibition. In addition, all AMPs except the tetrameric peptide significantly reduced E. coli biofilm surface coverage and the viability of biofilm cells, when added at inoculation. In addition to inhibition of biofilm formation, significant killing of biofilm cells was observed after a 3-hour treatment of preformed biofilms with hexameric peptide. Interestingly, treatment with the octameric peptide caused significant biofilm dispersion without apparent killing of biofilm cells that remained on the surface; e.g., the surface coverage was reduced by 91.5 + or - 3.5% by 200 microM octameric peptide. The detached biofilm cells, however, were effectively killed by this peptide. Overall, these results suggest that hexameric and octameric peptides are potent inhibitors of both bacterial planktonic growth and biofilm formation, while the octameric peptide can also disperse existing biofilms and kill the detached cells. These results are helpful for designing novel biofilm inhibitors and developing more effective therapeutic methods.
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29
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Li Z, Chau Y. Synthesis of linear polyether polyol derivatives as new materials for bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:780-9. [PMID: 19275208 DOI: 10.1021/bc900036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyether polyol (PEP) consisting of glycidol as repeating units is a flexible hydrophilic aliphatic polymer. The polyether main chain is similar to the widely used, biocompatible polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). While linear PEG has one or two terminal hydroxyl group(s), linear PEP distinguishes itself by the large number of pendant hydroxyl groups along the polyether main chain. We propose that this property of PEP represents a major advantage over PEG, namely, by providing multiple anchorage points and increasing the possibility for introducing different functional groups. As a first step to establishing PEP as a bioconjugation material, we modified the pendant hydroxyl groups on PEP and prepared a series of mono- and heterobifunctional derivatives with the potential to join various drug entities and biomolecules. The synthesis methods and the results of characterization are reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, China
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30
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Dewan PC, Anantharaman A, Chauhan VS, Sahal D. Antimicrobial Action of Prototypic Amphipathic Cationic Decapeptides and Their Branched Dimers. Biochemistry 2009; 48:5642-57. [DOI: 10.1021/bi900272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja C. Dewan
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aparna Anantharaman
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Virander S. Chauhan
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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31
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Chakraborty TK, Koley D, Ravi R, Krishnakumari V, Nagaraj R, Chand Kunwar A. Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Biological Studies of Cyclic Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Containing Sugar Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8731-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801123q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Rapolu Ravi
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Viswanatha Krishnakumari
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Nagaraj
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Ajit Chand Kunwar
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500607, India
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32
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Lienkamp K, Madkour AE, Musante A, Nelson CF, Nüsslein K, Tew GN. Antimicrobial polymers prepared by ROMP with unprecedented selectivity: a molecular construction kit approach. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9836-43. [PMID: 18593128 DOI: 10.1021/ja801662y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic Mimics of Antimicrobial Peptides (SMAMPs) imitate natural host-defense peptides, a vital component of the body's immune system. This work presents a molecular construction kit that allows the easy and versatile synthesis of a broad variety of facially amphiphilic oxanorbornene-derived monomers. Their ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and deprotection provide several series of SMAMPs. Using amphiphilicity, monomer feed ratio, and molecular weight as parameters, polymers with 533 times higher selectivitiy (selecitviy = hemolytic concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration) for bacteria over mammalian cells were discovered. Some of these polymers were 50 times more selective for Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria while other polymers surprisingly showed the opposite preference. This kind of "double selectivity" (bacteria over mammalian and one bacterial type over another) is unprecedented in other polymer systems and is attributed to the monomer's facial amphiphilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lienkamp
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Liu Z, Young AW, Hu P, Rice AJ, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Kallenbach NR. Tuning the membrane selectivity of antimicrobial peptides by using multivalent design. Chembiochem 2008; 8:2063-5. [PMID: 17924379 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Cho WM, Joshi BP, Cho H, Lee KH. Design and synthesis of novel antibacterial peptide-resin conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5772-6. [PMID: 17827001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a novel peptide-resin conjugate by immobilizing beta-sheet antibacterial peptide on PEG-PS resin. The peptide-resin conjugate, similar to cationic antimicrobial peptides, demonstrated unique properties such as potent antibacterial activity, no hemolytic activity, lipid membrane perturbation activity, and potent synergism with vancomycin. Specially, the peptide-resin conjugate showed a more increased lipid membrane perturbation activity in comparison to unbound beta-sheet antibacterial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mi Cho
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Younghyong-Dong, Nam-Gu, Inchon-City 402-751, South Korea
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Liu Z, Brady A, Young A, Rasimick B, Chen K, Zhou C, Kallenbach NR. Length effects in antimicrobial peptides of the (RW)n series. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:597-603. [PMID: 17145799 PMCID: PMC1797765 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00828-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of antimicrobial peptides involved in host defense consists of sequences rich in Arg and Trp-R and -W. Analysis of the pharmacophore in these peptides revealed that chains as short as trimers of sequences such as WRW and RWR have antimicrobial activity (M. B. Strom, B. E. Haug, M. L. Skar, W. Stensen, T. Stiberg, and J. S. Svendsen, J. Med. Chem. 46:1567-1570, 2003). To evaluate the effect of chain length on antimicrobial activity, we synthesized a series of peptides containing simple sequence repeats, (RW)n-NH2 (where n equals 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5), and determined their antimicrobial and hemolytic activity. The antimicrobial activity of the peptides increases with chain length, as does the hemolysis of red blood cells. Within the experimental error, longer peptides (n equals 3, 4, or 5) show similar values for the ratio of hemolytic activity to antibacterial activity, or the hemolytic index. The (RW)3 represents the optimal chain length in terms of the efficacy of synthesis and selectivity as evaluated by the hemolytic index. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that these short peptides appear to be unfolded in aqueous solution but acquire structure in the presence of phospholipids. Interaction of the peptides with model lipid vesicles was examined using tryptophan fluorescence. The (RW)n peptides preferentially interact with bilayers containing the negatively charged headgroup phosphatidylglycerol relative to those containing a zwitterionic headgroup, phosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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