1
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Silva JG, de Miranda AS, Ismail FMD, Barbosa LCA. Synthesis and medicinal chemistry of tetronamides: Promising agrochemicals and antitumoral compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116815. [PMID: 35598527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Butenolides and tetronic acids occupy a prominent position in synthetic chemistry due to their ubiquitous distribution in nature. This has stimulated investigations firstly in the synthesis of such systems and, laterly, the interest has turned to the understanding of the quantum structure of such systems, allowing a deeper understanding of the mechanism and reactivity of this cyclic scaffold. In contrast, tetronamides, which consist of compounds bearing a 4-aminofuran-2(5H)-one backbone, are relatively rare in nature and synthetic routes to such compounds are poorly explored. This review highlights both the importance of the tetronamide scaffold in medicinal chemistry and the most relevant recondite synthetic strategies for obtaining compounds of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júnio G Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fyaz M D Ismail
- Centre for Natural Product Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Palchykov V. 2-Amino-4,6,7,8-tetrahydrothiopyrano[3,2-b]pyran-3-carbonitrile 5,5-dioxide VP-4535 as an antimicrobial agent selective toward methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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3
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Efremova IE, Lapshina LV, Baichurin RI, Serebryannikova AV, Savel’ev II. Synthesis of Polycyclic Systems Based on Sulfolenes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220080010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Shearer C, Desaunay O, Zorc S, Richaud AD, Samanta SS, Jeedimalla N, Roche SP. Intercepted-Knoevenagel condensation for the synthesis of unsymmetrical fused-tricyclic 4 H-pyrans. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:130606. [PMID: 31741543 PMCID: PMC6859900 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
4H-Pyrans (4H-Pys) and 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are important classes of heterocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Herein, an indium(III)-catalyzed one-pot domino reaction for the synthesis of highly functionalized 4H-Pys, and a model of 1,4-DHP is reported. This alternative approach to the challenging Hantzsch 4-component reaction enables the synthesis of fused-tricyclic heterocycles, and the mechanistic studies underline the importance of an intercepted-Knoevenagel adduct to achieve higher chemoselectivity towards these types of unsymmetrical heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Shearer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Oriane Desaunay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Stephen Zorc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Alexis D. Richaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Shyam S. Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Nagalakshmi Jeedimalla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Stéphane P. Roche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
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5
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Nadaf AN, Shivashankar K. Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181107095151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable
core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind
of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds
under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives
were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate
under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared
under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and
without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine
derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity
instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalegowda Shivashankar
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 001, Karnataka, India
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6
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Synthesis of isochroman-4-ones and 2H-pyran-3(6H)-ones by gold-catalyzed oxidative cycloalkoxylation of alkynes. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2616-2620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Chabanenko RM, Yu. Mykolenko S, Kozirev EK, Palchykov VA. Multigram scale synthesis of 3,4- and 3,6-dihydro-2 H-thiopyran 1,1-dioxides and features of their NMR spectral behavior. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1486427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman M. Chabanenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Yu. Mykolenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dnipro State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Eugene K. Kozirev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii A. Palchykov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
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8
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Palchykov VA, Chabanenko RM, Konshin VV, Dotsenko VV, Krivokolysko SG, Chigorina EA, Horak YI, Lytvyn RZ, Vakhula AA, Obushak MD, Mazepa AV. Dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3(4H)-one-1,1-dioxide – a versatile building block for the synthesis of new thiopyran-based heterocyclic systems. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three series of new cyclic sulfones have been prepared by a one-pot multi-component reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii A. Palchykov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
- 49010 Dnipro
- Ukraine
| | - Roman M. Chabanenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
- 49010 Dnipro
- Ukraine
| | - Valeriy V. Konshin
- Department of Chemistry & High Technologies
- Kuban State University
- 350040 Krasnodar
- Russian Federation
| | - Victor V. Dotsenko
- Department of Chemistry & High Technologies
- Kuban State University
- 350040 Krasnodar
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sergey G. Krivokolysko
- Department of Chemistry & High Technologies
- Kuban State University
- 350040 Krasnodar
- Russian Federation
| | - Elena A. Chigorina
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise “State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Reagents and High Purity Chemical Substances” (FSUE “IREA”)
- 107076 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy I. Horak
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
- 79005 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - Roman Z. Lytvyn
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
- 79005 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - Andriy A. Vakhula
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
- 79005 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - Mykola D. Obushak
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
- 79005 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - Alexander V. Mazepa
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- 65080 Odessa
- Ukraine
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9
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Spiccia ND, Burnley J, Subasinghe K, Perry C, Lefort L, Jackson WR, Robinson AJ. A Formal Synthesis of (-)-Perhydrohistrionicotoxin Using a Cross Metathesis-Hydrogenation Approach. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8725-8732. [PMID: 28731342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of an efficient, high yielding six-step convergent synthesis of the semisynthetic alkaloid (-)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin is described. The key transformations include the cross metathesis of a Brønsted-acid masked primary homoallylic amine with a vinyl cyclohexenone and a regioselective palladium catalyzed hydrogenation. This sequence generated the advanced Winterfeldt spirocyclic precursor in 47% overall yield, with a longest linear sequence of five steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - James Burnley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Kamani Subasinghe
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher Perry
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Laurent Lefort
- DS DSM Ahead R&D B.V. - Innovative Synthesis , P.O. Box 18, 6160MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - W Roy Jackson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Andrea J Robinson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
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10
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Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. One-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical squaramides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05383h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The results concerning the first one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical squaramides are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
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11
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Gündüz MG, İşli F, El-Khouly A, Yıldırım Ş, Öztürk Fincan GS, Şimşek R, Şafak C, Sarıoğlu Y, Öztürk Yıldırım S, Butcher RJ. Microwave-assisted synthesis and myorelaxant activity of 9-indolyl-1,8-acridinedione derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:258-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Ghosh AK, Parham GL, Martyr CD, Nyalapatla PR, Osswald HL, Agniswamy J, Wang YF, Amano M, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with novel tricyclic P2 ligands: design, synthesis, and protein-ligand X-ray studies. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6792-802. [PMID: 23947685 PMCID: PMC3800042 DOI: 10.1021/jm400768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating stereochemically defined fused tricyclic P2 ligands are described. Various substituent effects were investigated to maximize the ligand-binding site interactions in the protease active site. Inhibitors 16a and 16f showed excellent enzyme inhibitory and antiviral activity, although the incorporation of sulfone functionality resulted in a decrease in potency. Both inhibitors 16a and 16f maintained activity against a panel of multidrug resistant HIV-1 variants. A high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of 16a-bound HIV-1 protease revealed important molecular insights into the ligand-binding site interactions, which may account for the inhibitor's potent antiviral activity and excellent resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States,The corresponding author: Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Phone: (765)-494-5323; Fax: (765)-496-1612
| | - Garth L. Parham
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Cuthbert D. Martyr
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Prasanth R. Nyalapatla
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Heather L. Osswald
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Johnson Agniswamy
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Irene T. Weber
- Department of Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan,Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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13
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Gladkov ES, Desenko SM, Konovalova IS, Groth U, Shishkin OV, Vashchenko EV, Chebanov VA. Microwave-Assisted and Ultrasonic-Assisted Three-Component Heterocyclization of 4-Amino-5-carboxamido-1,2,3-triazole, Thiopyran-3-one-1,1-dioxide, and Aromatic Aldehydes. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S. Gladkov
- State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Lenin Avenue, 60; Kharkiv; Ukraine; 61001
| | | | - Irina S. Konovalova
- State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Lenin Avenue, 60; Kharkiv; Ukraine; 61001
| | - Ulrich Groth
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Fach M-720, Universitätsstrasse 10; Konstanz; Germany; 78457
| | | | - Elena V. Vashchenko
- State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Lenin Avenue, 60; Kharkiv; Ukraine; 61001
| | - Valentin A. Chebanov
- State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Lenin Avenue, 60; Kharkiv; Ukraine; 61001
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15
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Yao CS, Wang CH, Jiang B, Tu SJ. One-Pot Combinatorial Synthesis of 4-Aryl-1H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyridine-5-one Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
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Wang SH, Jiang YN, Zhang JN. 9-(3-Methoxy-phen-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexa-hydro-thieno[3,2-b]quinolin-8(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o527. [PMID: 21580299 PMCID: PMC2983674 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810003600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C(26)H(27)NO(4)S, with a thiophene ring fused to a quinoline ring, was synthesized via the condensation of dihydro-thio-phen-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(phenyl-amino)cyclo-hex-2-enone and 3-methoxy-benzaldehyde in refluxing ethanol. In the crystal structure, the thiophene dioxide ring and the pyridine ring adopt envelope conformations. The connection of the pyridine ring to the phenyl and benzene rings can be described by the C-C-C-C and C-N-C-C torsion angles of 45.5 (2) and 88.7 (2)°, respectively. The cyclo-hex-2-enone ring is in a half-chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by non-classical inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl O and sulfone O atoms acting as acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hua Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ning Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Na Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China
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Akritopoulou-Zanze I, Djuric SW. Applications of MCR-Derived Heterocycles in Drug Discovery. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2010_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Diastereoselective, large scale synthesis of β-amino acids via asymmetric enamide hydrogenation as α2δ ligands for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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SHI F, MA N, ZHOU D, ZHANG G, JIANG B, TU S. An Unexpected and Efficient Synthesis of Open-chain Derivatives of Bistetronic Acid under Microwave Irradiation. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Shi F, Zhou DX, Tu SJ. 4,4'-Dianilino-3,3'-(4-chloro-benzyl-idene)bis-[furan-2(5H)-one]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1513-4. [PMID: 21582807 PMCID: PMC2969224 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809021084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(27)H(21)ClN(2)O(4), the dihedral angle between the furan rings is 67.00 (3)°. The chloro-phenyl ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 76.61 (3) and 69.36 (3)° with respect to the furan rings. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O inter-action results in the formation of an eight-membered ring with a twisted conformation. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network, forming R(2) (2)(16) ring motifs. Three weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
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Gözde Gündüz M, Evrim Doğan A, Şimşek R, Erol K, Şafak C. Substituted 9-aryl-1,8-acridinedione derivatives and their effects on potassium channels. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The overactive bladder is a common and distressing condition that has a significant impact on the quality of life of many people worldwide. Anticholinergics remain the first line in pharmacotherapy, however the use of these agents is hindered by adverse effects and limited efficacy. Thus there is a need for more effective treatments. Recently, there has been a move towards targeting novel pathways thought to play a role in overactivity. This review aims to provide an insight into the recent developments in pharmacotherapy of the overactive bladder. RECENT FINDINGS With recent advances in our understanding of the basic science of the overactive bladder it is becoming clear that the control of bladder functioning is far more complex than previously believed. Peripherally, a prominent role has emerged for the urothelium and the underlying suburothelium in mechanosensory control, and the role of afferent pathways in pathophysiology is increasingly recognized. SUMMARY Recent research has highlighted several potential targets for treatment of the overactive bladder, particularly within the mechanosensory pathways. With the exception of botulinum toxin, however, few new therapies have emerged showing clinical benefits. A clearer understanding of the pathophysiology of the bladder will hopefully lead to more effective and tolerated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Sellers
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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