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Zang ZL, Wang YX, Battini N, Gao WW, Zhou CH. Synthesis and antibacterial medicinal evaluation of carbothioamido hydrazonyl thiazolylquinolone with multitargeting antimicrobial potential to combat increasingly global resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116626. [PMID: 38944934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The global microbial resistance is a serious threat to human health, and multitargeting compounds are considered to be promising to combat microbial resistance. In this work, a series of new thiazolylquinolones with multitargeting antimicrobial potential were developed through multi-step reactions using triethoxymethane and substituted anilines as start materials. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that some of the target compounds could effectively inhibit microbial growth. Especially, carbothioamido hydrazonyl aminothiazolyl quinolone 8a showed strong inhibitory activity toward drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 0.0047 mM, which was 5-fold more active than that of norfloxacin. The highly active compound 8a exhibited negligible hemolysis, no significant toxicity in vitro and in vivo, low drug resistance, as well as rapidly bactericidal effects, which suggested its favorable druggability. Furthermore, compound 8a was able to effectively disrupt the integrity of the bacterial membrane, intercalate into DNA and inhibit the activity of topoisomerase IV, suggesting multitargeting mechanism of action. Compound 8a could form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with DNA-topoisomerase IV complex, indicating the insertion of aminothiazolyl moiety was beneficial to improve antibacterial efficiency. These findings indicated that the active carbothioamido hydrazonyl aminothiazolyl quinolone 8a as a chemical therapeutic candidate demonstrated immense potential to tackle drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Chen J, Huang H, Ouyang D, Lin J, Chen Z, Cai Z, Lin Z. A reactive matrix for in situ chemical derivatisation and specific detection of cis-diol compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. Analyst 2023; 148:5402-5406. [PMID: 37755117 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of cis-diol compounds is essential, because they play important roles in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and living organisms. Herein, we describe the development of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) method to analyse cis-diol compounds. In this method, a 6-borono-1-methylquinoline-1-ium (BMQI) reactive matrix was designed for in situ derivatisation of cis-diol compounds based on the boronate affinity interaction between boronic acid and cis-diol groups. Compared to traditional commercial matrices and other boronic acid reagents, BMQI can significantly accelerate the desorption/ionisation process, improve reproducibility, exhibit free background interference, and enhance signal intensity in the analysis of various cis-diol compounds even for amounts as low as 1 nmol. The BMQI-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) was successfully applied to the rapid screening and identification of sugar alcohols in different sugar-free foods. This work provides an alternative method to the LDI-MS analysis of cis-diol-containing molecules, and the method can be extended to other food samples and biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Huan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Jiali Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Zhuling Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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3
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Dotsenko VV, Jassim NT, Temerdashev AZ, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. Synthesis and Structure of 4-Aryl-3,6-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222120386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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4
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Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections are a growing concern, and their incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Current treatments are not necessarily useful because many were initially designed to work against other bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, inadequate treatment means that resistant strains are increasingly appearing, particularly for Mycobacterium abscessus, one of the most virulent nontuberculous mycobacteria. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics specifically directed against these nontuberculous mycobacteria. To help in this fight against the emergence of these pathogens, this review describes the most promising heterocyclic antibiotics under development, with particular attention paid to their structure-activity relationships.
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5
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Gatadi S, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Promising antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103252. [PMID: 31518761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections has created a critical health menace universally. Resistance to all the available chemotherapeutics has been on rise which led to WHO to stratify Staphylococcus aureus as high tier priorty II pathogen. Hence, discovery and development of new antibacterial agents with new mode of action is crucial to address the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The egressing understanding of new antibacterials on their biological target provides opportunities for new therapeutic agents. This review underlines on various aspects of drug design, structure activity relationships (SARs) and mechanism of action of various new antibacterial agents and also covers the recent reports on new antibacterial agents with potent activity against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This review provides attention on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of new antibacterial agents in the point of view of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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6
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Lamut A, Peterlin Mašič L, Kikelj D, Tomašič T. Efflux pump inhibitors of clinically relevant multidrug resistant bacteria. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2460-2504. [PMID: 31004360 DOI: 10.1002/med.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are an increasingly serious issue worldwide. The inability of existing therapies to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens has been recognized as an important challenge of the 21st century. Efflux pumps are important in both intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance and identification of small molecule efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), capable of restoring the effectiveness of available antibiotics, is an active research field. In the last two decades, much effort has been made to identify novel EPIs. However, none of them has so far been approved for therapeutic use. In this article, we explore different structural families of currently known EPIs for multidrug resistance efflux systems in the most extensively studied pathogens (NorA in Staphylococcus aureus, AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli, and MexAB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Both synthetic and natural compounds are described, with structure-activity relationship studies and optimization processes presented systematically for each family individually. In vitro activities against selected test strains are presented in a unifying manner for all the EPIs described, together with the most important toxicity, pharmacokinetic and in vivo efficacy data. A critical evaluation of lead-likeness characteristics and the potential for clinical development of the most promising inhibitors of the three efflux systems is described. This overview of EPIs is a good starting point for the identification of novel effective antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Lamut
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Gao C, Fan YL, Zhao F, Ren QC, Wu X, Chang L, Gao F. Quinolone derivatives and their activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1081-1095. [PMID: 30179746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen both in hospital and community settings, and is capable of causing serious and even fatal infections. Several antibiotics have been approved for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA, but MRSA has already developed resistance to them. More than ever, it's imperative to develop novel, high effective and fast acting anti-MRSA agents. Quinolones are one of the most common antibiotics in clinical practice used to treat various bacterial infections, and some of them displayed excellent in vitro and in vivo anti-MRSA activities, so quinolone derivatives are one of the most promising candidates. This review summarizes the recent developments of quinolone derivatives with potential activity against MRSA, and the structure-activity relationship is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Xiang Wu
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China.
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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8
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Jeannot F, Taillier T, Despeyroux P, Renard S, Rey A, Mourez M, Poeverlein C, Khichane I, Perrin MA, Versluys S, Stavenger RA, Huang J, Germe T, Maxwell A, Cao S, Huseby DL, Hughes D, Bacqué E. Imidazopyrazinones (IPYs): Non-Quinolone Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors Showing Partial Cross-Resistance with Quinolones. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3565-3581. [PMID: 29596745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In our quest for new antibiotics able to address the growing threat of multidrug resistant infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, we have investigated an unprecedented series of non-quinolone bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors from the Sanofi patrimony, named IPYs for imidazopyrazinones, as part of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) European Gram Negative Antibacterial Engine (ENABLE) organization. Hybridization of these historical compounds with the quinazolinediones, a known series of topoisomerase inhibitors, led us to a novel series of tricyclic IPYs that demonstrated potential for broad spectrum activity, in vivo efficacy, and a good developability profile, although later profiling revealed a genotoxicity risk. Resistance studies revealed partial cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones (FQs) suggesting that IPYs bind to the same region of bacterial topoisomerases as FQs and interact with at least some of the keys residues involved in FQ binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jeannot
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Thomas Taillier
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Pierre Despeyroux
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Stéphane Renard
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Astrid Rey
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Michaël Mourez
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
| | - Christoph Poeverlein
- R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery , Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Imène Khichane
- LGCR, Analytical Sciences , Sanofi R&D , 13 Quai Jules Guesde , 94400 Vitry sur Seine , France
| | - Marc-Antoine Perrin
- LGCR, Analytical Sciences , Sanofi R&D , 13 Quai Jules Guesde , 94400 Vitry sur Seine , France
| | - Stéphanie Versluys
- Evotec France , 195 Route d'Espagne , BP 13669, 31036 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Robert A Stavenger
- Antibacterial DPU , GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Antibacterial DPU , GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Thomas Germe
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UH , U.K
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UH , U.K
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center , Uppsala University , Box 582, Uppsala S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - Douglas L Huseby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center , Uppsala University , Box 582, Uppsala S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center , Uppsala University , Box 582, Uppsala S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - Eric Bacqué
- Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases , Sanofi R&D , 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux , 69280 Marcy L'Etoile , France
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9
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Rational design of methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus inhibitors through 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 73:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Zhang GF, Zhang S, Pan B, Liu X, Feng LS. 4-Quinolone derivatives and their activities against Gram positive pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:710-723. [PMID: 29220792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for a broad range of infectious diseases, and the emergency and wide spread of drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens including MRSA and MRSE has caused great concern throughout the world. 4-Quinolones which are exemplified by fluoroquinolones are mainstays of chemotherapy against various bacterial infections including Gram-positive pathogen infections, and their value and role in the treatment of bacterial infections continues to expand. However, the resistance of Gram-positive organisms to 4-quinolones develops rapidly and spreads widely, making them more and more ineffective. To overcome the resistance and reduce the toxicity, numerous of 4-quinolone derivatives were synthesized and screened for their in vitro and in vivo activities against Gram-positive pathogens, and some of them exhibited excellent potency. This review aims to outlines the recent advances made towards the discovery of 4-quinolone-based derivatives as anti-Gram-positive pathogens agents and the critical aspects of design as well as the structure-activity relationship of these derivatives. The enriched SAR paves the way to the further rational development of 4-quinolones with a unique mechanism of action different from that of the currently used drugs to overcome the resistance, well-tolerated and low toxic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fu Zhang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Life Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Pony Testing International Group (Wuhan), Hubei, PR China
| | - Baofeng Pan
- Zhejiang Xianju Junye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xianju, Zhejiang, 317300, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Zhejiang Xianju Junye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xianju, Zhejiang, 317300, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, PR China.
| | - Lian-Shun Feng
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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11
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Pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation on topoisomerase IV inhibitors of wild type Staphylococcus aureus. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Garza I, Wallace MJ, Fernando D, Singh A, Lee RE, Gerding JS, Franklin C, Yendapally R. Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazolidine Amide and N-Thiazolyl Amide Fluoroquinolone Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28429393 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new fluoroquinolones, we synthesized eight compounds and tested them against a panel of bacteria. The design of these compounds was guided by the introduction of the isothiazoloquinolone motif. The three most active compounds in this series, 8-10, demonstrated good antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and healthcare-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.62-6.3 µg/mL). Further, when these three active compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on bacterial enzymes, compound 9 was the most effective agent exhibiting IC50 values of 33.9 and 116.5 μM in the S. aureus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase supercoiling and topoisomerase IV decatenation assays, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Garza
- University of the Incarnate Word Feik School of Pharmacy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Miranda J Wallace
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dinesh Fernando
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aman Singh
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason S Gerding
- University of the Incarnate Word Feik School of Pharmacy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Franklin
- University of the Incarnate Word Feik School of Pharmacy, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Zhu G, Sun M, Zhu C, Wang H, Xu J. New Synthesis of 7-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile, a Key Intermediate to Bosutinib. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Mingchen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Chunping Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jingli Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
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14
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Kotoku N, Ito A, Shibuya S, Mizuno K, Takeshima A, Nogata M, Kobayashi M. Short-step synthesis and structure-activity relationship of cortistatin A analogs. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Bisacchi GS, Hale MR. A "Double-Edged" Scaffold: Antitumor Power within the Antibacterial Quinolone. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:520-77. [PMID: 26695512 PMCID: PMC4997924 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666151223095839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the late 1980s, reports emerged describing experimental antibacterial quinolones having significant potency against eukaryotic Type II topoisomerases (topo II) and showing cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. As a result, several pharmaceutical companies initiated quinolone anticancer programs to explore the potential of this class in comparison to conventional human topo II inhibiting antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin and etoposide. In this review, we present a modern re-evaluation of the anticancer potential of the quinolone class in the context of today's predominantly pathway-based (rather than cytotoxicity-based) oncology drug R&D environment. The quinolone eukaryotic SAR is comprehensively discussed, contrasted with the corresponding prokaryotic data, and merged with recent structural biology information which is now beginning to help explain the basis for that SAR. Quinolone topo II inhibitors appear to be much less susceptible to efflux-mediated resistance, a current limitation of therapy with conventional agents. Recent advances in the biological understanding of human topo II isoforms suggest that significant progress might now be made in overcoming two other treatment-limiting disadvantages of conventional topo II inhibitors, namely cardiotoxicity and drug-induced secondary leukemias. We propose that quinolone class topo II inhibitors could have a useful future therapeutic role due to the continued need for effective topo II drugs in many cancer treatment settings, and due to the recent biological and structural advances which can now provide, for the first time, specific guidance for the design of a new class of inhibitors potentially superior to existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bisacchi
- Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.
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16
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Azam MA, Thathan J, Jubie S. Dual targeting DNA gyrase B (GyrB) and topoisomerse IV (ParE) inhibitors: A review. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:41-63. [PMID: 26232660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
GyrB and ParE are type IIA topoisomerases and found in most bacteria. Its function is vital for DNA replication, repair and decatenation. The highly conserved ATP-binding subunits of DNA GyrB and ParE are structurally related and have been recognized as prime candidates for the development of dual-targeting antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum potential. However, no natural product or small molecule inhibitors targeting ATPase catalytic domain of both GyrB and ParE enzymes have succeeded in the clinic. Moreover, no inhibitors of these enzymes with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogens have been reported. Availability of high resolution crystal structures of GyrB and ParE made it possible for the design of many different classes of inhibitors with dual mechanism of action. Among them benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, thiazolopyridines, imidiazopyridazoles, pyridines, indazoles, pyrazoles, imidazopyridines, triazolopyridines, pyrrolopyrimidines, pyrimidoindoles as well as related structures are disclosed in literatures. Unfortunately most of these inhibitors are found to be active against Gram-positive pathogens. In the present review we discuss about studies on novel dual targeting ATPase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Afzal Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore), Udhagamandalam 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Janarthanan Thathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore), Udhagamandalam 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jubie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore), Udhagamandalam 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Singh SB. Confronting the challenges of discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3683-9. [PMID: 25017034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is inevitable and is a growing concern. It can be addressed only by discovery and development of new agents. However the discovery and development of new antibacterial agents are at an all time low. This article broadly examines the historical as well as current status of antibacterial discovery and provides some perspective as how to address some of the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- SBS Pharma Consulting LLC, Edison, NJ 08820, United States.
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18
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Molina-Torres CA, Barba-Marines A, Valles-Guerra O, Ocampo-Candiani J, Cavazos-Rocha N, Pucci MJ, Castro-Garza J, Vera-Cabrera L. Intracellular activity of tedizolid phosphate and ACH-702 versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:13. [PMID: 24708819 PMCID: PMC3986449 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the emergency of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is necessary the evaluation of new compounds. Findings Tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone, and ACH-702, a new isothiazoloquinolone, were tested against M. tuberculosis infected THP-1 macrophages. These two compounds significantly decreased the number of intracellular mycobacteria at 0.25X, 1X, 4X and 16X the MIC value. The drugs were tested either in nanoparticules or in free solution. Conclusion Tedizolid and ACH-702 have a good intracellular killing activity comparable to that of rifampin or moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Molina-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hopital Universitario, UANL, C,P, Monterrey, NL 64460, Mexico.
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20
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Li J, Mao Y, He Y, Zhu F, Chen W, Shen J. New Synthesis of N-(4-Chloro-3-cyano-7-ethoxyquinolin-6-yl)acetamide. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mayer C, Janin YL. Non-quinolone inhibitors of bacterial type IIA topoisomerases: a feat of bioisosterism. Chem Rev 2013; 114:2313-42. [PMID: 24313284 DOI: 10.1021/cr4003984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Mayer
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur , 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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22
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Blackburn C, Barrett C, Chin J, Garcia K, Gigstad K, Gould A, Gutierrez J, Harrison S, Hoar K, Lynch C, Rowland RS, Tsu C, Ringeling J, Xu H. Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Derived from 4-(Aminomethyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide with High Selectivity for the HDAC6 Isoform. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7201-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400385r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Blackburn
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cynthia Barrett
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Janice Chin
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kris Garcia
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kenneth Gigstad
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexandra Gould
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juan Gutierrez
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sean Harrison
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kara Hoar
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chrissie Lynch
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - R. Scott Rowland
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chris Tsu
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Ringeling
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - He Xu
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 40 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh H. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, England
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24
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Bactericidal activity of ACH-702 against nondividing and biofilm Staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:3812-8. [PMID: 22547614 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00092-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial infections involve slow or nondividing bacterial growth states and localized high cell densities. Antibiotics with demonstrated bactericidal activity rarely remain bactericidal at therapeutic concentrations under these conditions. The isothiazoloquinolone (ITQ) ACH-702 is a potent, bactericidal compound with activity against many antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We evaluated its bactericidal activity under conditions where bacterial cells were not dividing and/or had slowed their growth. Against S. aureus cultures in stationary phase, ACH-702 showed concentration-dependent bactericidal activity and achieved a 3-log-unit reduction in viable cell counts within 6 h of treatment at ≥ 16× MIC values; in comparison, the bactericidal quinolone moxifloxacin and the additional comparator compounds vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampin at 16× to 32× MICs showed little or no bactericidal activity against stationary-phase cells. ACH-702 at 32× MIC retained bactericidal activity against stationary-phase S. aureus across a range of inoculum densities. ACH-702 did not kill cold-arrested cells yet remained bactericidal against cells arrested by protein synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that its bactericidal activity against nondividing cells requires active metabolism but not de novo protein synthesis. ACH-702 also showed a degree of bactericidal activity at 16× MIC against S. epidermidis biofilm cells that was superior to that of moxifloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin. The bactericidal activity of ACH-702 against stationary-phase staphylococci and biofilms suggests potential clinical utility in infections containing cells in these physiological states.
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25
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Sabatini S, Gosetto F, Serritella S, Manfroni G, Tabarrini O, Iraci N, Brincat JP, Carosati E, Villarini M, Kaatz GW, Cecchetti V. Pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazines 5,5-Dioxide: A Promising New Class of Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3568-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Glenn W. Kaatz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division
of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University
and the John D. Dingell Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center,
Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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26
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Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emerged worldwide, with an increasing incidence due to failure of implementation of apparently effective first-line antituberculous therapy as well as primary infection with drug-resistant strains. Failure of current therapy is attributed to a long duration of treatment leading to nonadherence and irregular therapy, lack of patient education about the disease, poverty, irregular supply by care providers, drug–drug interactions in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inadequate regulations causing market overlap and irresponsible drug usage in the private sector, and lack of research, with no addition of new drugs in the last four decades. Present standards of care for the treatment of drugsusceptible tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and latent tuberculosis infection are all unsatisfactory. Since 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) has focused on drug development for tuberculosis, as well as research in all relevant aspects to discover new regimens by 2015 and to eliminate tuberculosis as a public health concern by 2050. As a result, some 20 promising compounds from 14 groups of drugs have been discovered. Twelve candidates from eight classes are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Ongoing research should prioritize identification of novel targets and newer application of existing drugs, discovery of multitargeted drugs from natural compounds, strengthening host factors by immunopotentiation with herbal immunomodulators, as well as protective vaccines before and after exposure, consideration of surgical measures when indicated, development of tools for rapid diagnosis, early identification of resistant strains, and markers for adequacy of treatment and an integrative approach to fulfill WHO goals. However, regulatory control over the drug market, as well as public-private partnership to use health program facilities to track patients and ensure completion of adequate therapy will be necessary to exploit fully the potential of the newer regimens to eliminate tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Adhvaryu
- Department of Biotechnology, SRK Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Surat, Gujarat, India
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27
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Marks KR, Malik M, Mustaev A, Hiasa H, Drlica K, Kerns RJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 1-cyclopropyl-2-thioalkyl-8-methoxy fluoroquinolones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4585-8. [PMID: 21705218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel fluoroquinolone derivatives substituted with a 2-thioalkyl moiety, with and without a concomitant 3-carboxylate group, were synthesized to evaluate the effect of C-2 thioalkyl substituents on gyrase binding and inhibition. The presence of a 2-thioalkyl group universally decreased activity as compared to parent fluoroquinolones. However, with derivatives of moxifloxacin the presence of either a 2-thioalkyl group or a 3-carboxylate moiety increased activity over the 2,3-unsubstituted derivative. Energy minimization of structures provides an explanation for relative activities of fluoroquinolones having a C-2 thio moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Marks
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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28
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Kim HY, Wiles JA, Wang Q, Pais GCG, Lucien E, Hashimoto A, Nelson DM, Thanassi JA, Podos SD, Deshpande M, Pucci MJ, Bradbury BJ. Exploration of the Activity of 7-Pyrrolidino-8-methoxyisothiazoloquinolones against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Med Chem 2011; 54:3268-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101604v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Kim
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jason A. Wiles
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Godwin C. G. Pais
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Edlaine Lucien
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Akihiro Hashimoto
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - David M. Nelson
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jane A. Thanassi
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Steven D. Podos
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Milind Deshpande
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Michael J. Pucci
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Barton J. Bradbury
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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29
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Wiles JA, Phadke AS, Bradbury BJ, Pucci MJ, Thanassi JA, Deshpande M. Selenophene-containing inhibitors of type IIA bacterial topoisomerases. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3418-25. [PMID: 21443219 DOI: 10.1021/jm2002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated compounds related to the previously reported antistaphyloccocal agent AVE6971 in an effort to attenuate inhibition of hERG potassium channel current that has been noted for this and related antibacterial drug classes. While most modifications of the original thiophene group compromised antibacterial activity, one selenophene analogue displayed (i) improved activity against the primary target enzyme DNA gyrase, (ii) similar activities against a panel of MRSA clinical isolates, and (iii) reduced hERG channel inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wiles
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.
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30
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In vitro and in vivo profiles of ACH-702, an isothiazoloquinolone, against bacterial pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2860-71. [PMID: 21464250 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01666-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ACH-702, a novel isothiazoloquinolone (ITQ), was assessed for antibacterial activity against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates and found to possess broad-spectrum activity, especially against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). For Gram-negative bacteria, ACH-702 showed exceptional potency against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and a Neisseria sp. but was less active against members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Good antibacterial activity was also evident against several anaerobes as well as Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Excellent bactericidal activity was observed for ACH-702 against several bacterial pathogens in time-kill assays, and postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of >1 h were evident with both laboratory and clinical strains of staphylococci at 10 × MIC and similar in most cases to those observed for moxifloxacin at the same MIC multiple. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated against S. aureus with murine sepsis and thigh infection models, with decreases in the number of CFU/thigh equal to or greater than those observed after vancomycin treatment. Macromolecular synthesis assays showed specific dose-dependent inhibition of DNA replication in staphylococci, and biochemical analyses indicated potent dual inhibition of two essential DNA replication enzymes: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Additional biological data in support of an effective dual targeting mechanism of action include the following: low MIC values (≤0.25 μg/ml) against staphylococcal strains with single mutations in both gyrA and grlA (parC), retention of good antibacterial activity (MICs of ≤0.5 μg/ml) against staphylococcal strains with two mutations in both gyrA and grlA, and low frequencies for the selection of higher-level resistance (<10⁻¹⁰). These promising initial data support further study of isothiazoloquinolones as potential clinical candidates.
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31
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Wiles JA, Bradbury BJ, Pucci MJ. New quinolone antibiotics: a survey of the literature from 2005 to 2010. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1295-319. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.505922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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In vitro activity of ACH-702, a new isothiazoloquinolone, against Nocardia brasiliensis compared with econazole and the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem alone or in combination with clavulanic acid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2191-3. [PMID: 20308390 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01520-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of ACH-702 and other antimicrobials against 30 Nocardia brasiliensis isolates were tested. The MIC(50) (MIC for 50% of the strains tested) and MIC(90) values of ACH-702 were 0.125 and 0.5 microg/ml. The same values for econazole were 2 and 4 microg/ml. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of imipenem and meropenem were 64 and >64 microg/ml and 2 and 8 microg/ml, respectively; the addition of clavulanic acid to the carbapenems had no effect.
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In vitro activity of a new isothiazoloquinolone, ACH-702, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2188-90. [PMID: 20231398 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01603-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the activity of ACH-702 against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and six different nontuberculous mycobacteria. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of both susceptible and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains tested were 0.0625 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) values for Mycobacterium fortuitum isolates were 0.0625 microg/ml in both cases; Mycobacterium avium complex isolates showed MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of 0.25 and 4 microg/ml, respectively.
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34
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Chapter 19 Recent Advances in the Inhibition of Bacterial Type II Topoisomerases. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Emami S, Foroumadi A, Faramarzi MA, Samadi N. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of quinolone-based compounds containing a coumarin moiety. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:42-8. [PMID: 18072241 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new series of quinolone-based compounds containing a coumarin moiety have been synthesized and studied for their antibacterial activity against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results of the antibacterial evaluation of N-[2-(coumarin-3-yl)ethyl]piperazinyl quinolone derivatives in comparison with parent quinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin) indicated that N-[2-(coumarin-3-yl)-2-oxoethyl]ciprofloxacin derivative (compound 8b) showed comparable or more potent antibacterial activity with respect to the reference drugs against the test strains. Generally, in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, better results are obtained with cyclopropyl at the N-1 position of the quinolone ring and 2-oxo- on the ethyl spacer of coumarin and piperazine rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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36
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Abstract
In just 70 short years mankind has progressed from euphoria to despair over the effectiveness of antibiotics to protect and to cure mankind from morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Resistance due to evolutionary factors was observed shortly after antibiotics came into use and is now not only widespread but appears to be inevitable. This review is a rather personalized account of the various attempts to deal with this problem over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester A Mitscher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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37
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Hawkey PM. Molecular epidemiology of clinically significant antibiotic resistance genes. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153 Suppl 1:S406-13. [PMID: 18311156 PMCID: PMC2268046 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials were first introduced into medical practice a little over 60 years ago and since that time resistant strains of bacteria have arisen in response to the selective pressure of their use. This review uses the paradigm of the evolution and spread of beta-lactamases and in particular beta-lactamases active against antimicrobials used to treat Gram-negative infections. The emergence and evolution particularly of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is described together with the molecular mechanisms responsible for both primary mutation and horizontal gene transfer. Reference is also made to other significant antibiotic resistance genes, resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria, such as carbepenamases, and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance. The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is reviewed in detail as an example of a highly successful Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that has acquired and developed resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials. The role of selective pressures in the environment as well as the medical use of antimicrobials together with the interplay of various genetic mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer are considered in the concluding part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hawkey
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Pucci MJ, Cheng J, Podos SD, Thoma CL, Thanassi JA, Buechter DD, Mushtaq G, Vigliotti GA, Bradbury BJ, Deshpande M. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of heteroaryl isothiazolones against resistant gram-positive pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1259-67. [PMID: 17242152 PMCID: PMC1855488 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01315-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of several tricyclic heteroaryl isothiazolones (HITZs) against an assortment of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates were assessed. These compounds target bacterial DNA replication and were found to possess broad-spectrum activities especially against gram-positive strains, including antibiotic-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. These included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-nonsusceptible staphylococci, and quinolone-resistant strains. The HITZs were more active than the comparator antimicrobials in most cases. For gram-negative bacteria, the tested compounds were less active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but showed exceptional potencies against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria spp. Good activity against several anaerobes, as well as Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was also observed. Excellent bactericidal activity against staphylococci was observed in time-kill assays, with an approximately 3-log drop in the numbers of CFU/ml occurring after 4 h of exposure to compound. Postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of 2.0 and 1.7 h for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA strains, respectively, were observed, and these were similar to those seen with moxifloxacin at 10x MIC. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in murine infections by using sepsis and thigh infection models. The 50% protective doses were <or=1 mg/kg of body weight against S. aureus in the sepsis model, while decreases in the numbers of CFU per thigh equal to or greater than those detected in animals treated with a standard dose of vancomycin were seen in the animals with thigh infections. Pharmacokinetic analyses of treated mice indicated exposures similar to those to ciprofloxacin at equivalent dose levels. These promising initial data suggest further study on the use of the HITZs as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pucci
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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