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Senior A, Ruffell K, Ball LT. meta-Selective C-H arylation of phenols via regiodiversion of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nat Chem 2023; 15:386-394. [PMID: 36509853 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is among the most widely used mechanistic manifolds in organic chemistry. Access to certain substitution patterns is, however, precluded by intrinsic and immutable substituent effects that ultimately restrict the diversity of the benzenoid chemical space. Here we demonstrate that the established regioselectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution can be overcome simply by diverting the key σ-complex intermediate towards otherwise inaccessible substitution products. This 'regiodiversion' strategy is realized through the development of a general and concise method for the meta-selective C-H arylation of sterically congested phenols. Consisting of a Bi(V)-mediated electrophilic arylation and a subsequent aryl migration/rearomatization, our process is orthogonal to conventional C-H activation and cross-coupling approaches, and does not require prefunctionalization of the substrate. Mechanistically informed applications in synthesis showcase its utility as a versatile and enabling route to highly functionalized, contiguously substituted aromatic building blocks that defy synthesis via existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Senior
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katie Ruffell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Hamri S, Jouha J, Oumessaoud A, Pujol M, Khouili M, Guillaumet G. Convenient approach for the synthesis of ONO-LB-457, a potent leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Huang J, Liu N, Lu T, Dou X. Synthesis of meta
-Arylated Phenol Derivatives by Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Arylation of Quinone Monoacetal. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Huang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science; China Pharmaceutical University; 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science; China Pharmaceutical University; 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science; China Pharmaceutical University; 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science; China Pharmaceutical University; 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang S, Rao W, Chan PWH. Gold‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cycloisomerization of 1,4‐Enyne Esters to 3,5‐Disubstituted Phenol Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Shifa Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL U.K
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Yu G, Clive DLJ. Formation of meta-Substituted Phenols by Transition Metal-Free Aromatization: Use of 2-Bromocyclohex-2-en-1-ones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8470-84. [PMID: 27563935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addition of Grignard or other organometallic reagents to 2-halocyclohex-2-en-1-ones bearing an alkyl or aryl group at C-5, followed by mild acid treatment and exposure to 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) at room temperature, generates meta-substituted phenols in which the newly introduced meta substituent originates from the Grignard reagent. The range of effective organometallic reagents includes alkyl, allyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl compounds including those with fluorine substituents. The initial halocyclohexenone can be deprotonated at C-6 and reacted with carbon, fluorine, or sulfur electrophiles before the Grignard addition so as to generate highly substituted phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Yu
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Derrick L J Clive
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Spilker ME, Chung H, Visswanathan R, Bagrodia S, Gernhardt S, Fantin VR, Ellies LG. Leveraging model-based study designs and serial micro-sampling techniques to understand the oral pharmacokinetics of the potent LTB4 inhibitor, CP-105696, for mouse pharmacology studies. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:600-606. [PMID: 27435693 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a proinflammatory mediator important in the progression of a number of inflammatory diseases. Preclinical models can explore the role of LTB4 in pathophysiology using tool compounds, such as CP-105696, that modulate its activity. To support preclinical pharmacology studies, micro-sampling techniques and mathematical modeling were used to determine the pharmacokinetics of CP-105696 in mice within the context of systemic inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). 2. Following oral administration of doses > 35 mg/kg, CP-105696 kinetics can be described by a one-compartment model with first order absorption. The compound's half-life is 44-62 h with an apparent volume of distribution of 0.51-0.72 L/kg. Exposures in animals fed an HFD are within 2-fold of those fed a normal chow diet. Daily dosing at 100 mg/kg was not tolerated and resulted in a >20% weight loss in the mice. 3. CP-105696's long half-life has the potential to support a twice weekly dosing schedule. Given that most chronic inflammatory diseases will require long-term therapies, these results are useful in determining the optimal dosing schedules for preclinical studies using CP-105696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Spilker
- a Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- b Department of Medicine , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- a Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Shubha Bagrodia
- a Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories , San Diego , CA , USA
| | | | | | - Lesley G Ellies
- e Department of Pathology , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA , USA
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Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) still offer enormous scope for new therapeutic targets. Currently marketed agents are dominated by those with activity at aminergic receptors and yet they account for only ~10% of the family. Progress up until now with other subfamilies, notably orphans, Family A/peptide, Family A/lipid, Family B, Family C, and Family F, has been, at best, patchy. This may be attributable to the heterogeneous nature of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands, and consequently their binding sites. Our appreciation of receptor similarity has arguably been too simplistic, and screening collections have not necessarily been well suited to identifying leads in new areas. Despite the relative shortage of high-quality tool molecules in a number of cases, there is an emerging, and increasingly substantial, body of evidence associating many as yet “undrugged” receptors with a very wide range of diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of receptor pharmacology and technical advances in screening, protein X-ray crystallography, and ligand design methods are paving the way for new successes in the area. Exploitation of allosteric mechanisms; alternative signaling pathways such as G12/13, Gβγ, and β-arrestin; the discovery of “biased” ligands; and the emergence of GPCR-protein complexes as potential drug targets offer scope for new and much improved drugs.
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Shu L, Wang P, Radinov R, Dominique R, Wright J, Alabanza LM, Dong Y. Process Research on a Phenoxybutyric Acid LTB4 Receptor Antagonist. Efficient Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of a 3,5-Bisarylphenol Core. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300302s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianhe Shu
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Roumen Radinov
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Romyr Dominique
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - James Wright
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Lady Mae Alabanza
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Yan Dong
- Process Research
and Synthesis, ‡Discovery Chemistry, Pharma Research and Early Development
(pRED), Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland
Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
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Maaløe T, Schmidt EB, Svensson M, Aardestrup IV, Christensen JH. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on leukotriene B₄ and leukotriene B₅ production from stimulated neutrophil granulocytes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:37-41. [PMID: 21530211 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) may be of importance in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease LTB₄ and increase the formation of the less inflammatory leukotriene B₅ (LTB₅) in patients with CKD. Fifty-six patients with CKD stage 2-5 were randomised to 2.4 g n-3 PUFA or olive oil for 8 weeks. Compared to controls, n-3 PUFA significantly decreased release of LTB₄ (p<0.001) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) (p<0.01) and significantly increased release of LTB₅ (p<0.001) and 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE) (p<0.001) from stimulated neutrophil granulocytes. Kidney function evaluated by creatinine clearance and proteinuria did not improve. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA supplementation for 8 weeks in patients with CKD stage 2-5 significantly decreased LTB₄ and 5-HETE and significantly increased LTB₅ and 5-HEPE. No effect was seen on kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maaløe
- Department of Nephrology, Center for Cardiovascular Research Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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