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Rayner B, Verderosa AD, Ferro V, Blaskovich MAT. Siderophore conjugates to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:800-822. [PMID: 37252105 PMCID: PMC10211321 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to society due to the increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria that are not susceptible to our last line of defence antibiotics. Exacerbating this issue is a severe gap in antibiotic development, with no new clinically relevant classes of antibiotics developed in the last two decades. The combination of the rapidly increasing emergence of resistance and scarcity of new antibiotics in the clinical pipeline means there is an urgent need for new efficacious treatment strategies. One promising solution, known as the 'Trojan horse' approach, hijacks the iron transport system of bacteria to deliver antibiotics directly into cells - effectively tricking bacteria into killing themselves. This transport system uses natively produced siderophores, which are small molecules with a high affinity for iron. By linking antibiotics to siderophores, to make siderophore antibiotic conjugates, the activity of existing antibiotics can potentially be reinvigorated. The success of this strategy was recently exemplified with the clinical release of cefiderocol, a cephalosporin-siderophore conjugate with potent antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant and multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli. This review discusses the recent advancements in siderophore antibiotic conjugates and the challenges associated with the design of these compounds that need to be overcome to deliver more efficacious therapeutics. Potential strategies have also been suggested for new generations of siderophore-antibiotics with enhanced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Rayner
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Anthony D Verderosa
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland Australia
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2
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams from the Ocean. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:86. [PMID: 36827127 PMCID: PMC9963991 DOI: 10.3390/md21020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The title of this essay is as much a question as it is a statement. The discovery of the β-lactam antibiotics-including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems-as largely (if not exclusively) secondary metabolites of terrestrial fungi and bacteria, transformed modern medicine. The antibiotic β-lactams inactivate essential enzymes of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis. Moreover, the ability of the β-lactams to function as enzyme inhibitors is of such great medical value, that inhibitors of the enzymes which degrade hydrolytically the β-lactams, the β-lactamases, have equal value. Given this privileged status for the β-lactam ring, it is therefore a disappointment that the exemplification of this ring in marine secondary metabolites is sparse. It may be that biologically active marine β-lactams are there, and simply have yet to be encountered. In this report, we posit a second explanation: that the value of the β-lactam to secure an ecological advantage in the marine environment might be compromised by its close structural similarity to the β-lactones of quorum sensing. The steric and reactivity similarities between the β-lactams and the β-lactones represent an outside-of-the-box opportunity for correlating new structures and new enzyme targets for the discovery of compelling biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney Hall, University of Note Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656-5670, USA
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney Hall, University of Note Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46656-5670, USA
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3
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Sideromimic Modification of Lactivicin Dramatically Increases Potency against Extensively Drug-Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4170-5. [PMID: 27139464 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00371-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetamido derivatives of the naturally antibacterial non-β-lactam lactivicin (LTV) have improved activity against their penicillin binding protein targets and reduced hydrolysis by β-lactamases, but penetration into Gram-negative bacteria is still relatively poor. Here we report that modification of the LTV lactone with a catechol-type siderophore increases potency 1,000-fold against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a species renowned for its insusceptibility to antimicrobials. The MIC90 of modified lactone compound 17 (LTV17) against a global collection of extensively drug-resistant clinical S. maltophilia isolates was 0.063 μg · ml(-1) Sideromimic modification does not reduce the ability of LTVs to induce production of the L1 and L2 β-lactamases in S. maltophilia and does not reduce the rate at which LTVs are hydrolyzed by L1 or L2. We conclude, therefore, that lactivicin modification with a siderophore known to be preferentially used by S. maltophilia substantially increases penetration via siderophore uptake. LTV17 has the potential to be developed as a novel antimicrobial for treatment of infections by S. maltophilia More generally, our work shows that sideromimic modification in a species-targeted manner might prove useful for the development of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials that have reduced collateral effects.
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4
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Wang DY, Abboud MI, Markoulides MS, Brem J, Schofield CJ. The road to avibactam: the first clinically useful non-β-lactam working somewhat like a β-lactam. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1063-84. [PMID: 27327972 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Avibactam, which is the first non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor to be introduced for clinical use, is a broad-spectrum serine β-lactamase inhibitor with activity against class A, class C, and, some, class D β-lactamases. We provide an overview of efforts, which extend to the period soon after the discovery of the penicillins, to develop clinically useful non-β-lactam compounds as antibacterials, and, subsequently, penicillin-binding protein and β-lactamase inhibitors. Like the β-lactam inhibitors, avibactam works via a mechanism involving covalent modification of a catalytically important nucleophilic serine residue. However, unlike the β-lactam inhibitors, avibactam reacts reversibly with its β-lactamase targets. We discuss chemical factors that may account for the apparently special nature of β-lactams and related compounds as antibacterials and β-lactamase inhibitors, including with respect to resistance. Avenues for future research including non-β-lactam antibacterials acting similarly to β-lactams are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jürgen Brem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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5
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Choi H, Paton RS, Park H, Schofield CJ. Investigations on recyclisation and hydrolysis in avibactam mediated serine β-lactamase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4116-28. [PMID: 27072755 PMCID: PMC4847122 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00353b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactams inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and serine β-lactamases by acylation of a nucleophilic active site serine. Avibactam is approved for clinical use in combination with ceftazidime, and is a breakthrough non β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor also reacting via serine acylation. Molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemical calculations on avibactam-mediated inhibition of a clinically relevant cephalosporinase reveal that recyclisation of the avibactam derived carbamoyl complex is favoured over hydrolysis. In contrast, we show that analogous recyclisation in β-lactam mediated inhibition is disfavoured. Avibactam recyclisation is promoted by a proton shuttle, a 'structural' water protonating the nucleophilic serine, and stabilization of the negative charge developed on aminocarbonyl oxygen. The results imply the potential of calculations for distinguishing between bifurcating pathways during inhibition and in generating hypotheses for predicting resistance. The inability of β-lactams to undergo recyclisation may be an Achilles heel, but one that can be addressed by suitably functionalized reversibly binding inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanho Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea. and Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Robert S Paton
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
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6
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Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Valuable Targets for New Antibacterials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:antibiotics5010012. [PMID: 27025527 PMCID: PMC4810414 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential macromolecular sacculus surrounding most bacteria. It is assembled by the glycosyltransferase (GT) and transpeptidase (TP) activities of multimodular penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) within multiprotein complex machineries. Both activities are essential for the synthesis of a functional stress-bearing PG shell. Although good progress has been made in terms of the functional and structural understanding of GT, finding a clinically useful antibiotic against them has been challenging until now. In contrast, the TP/PBP module has been successfully targeted by β-lactam derivatives, but the extensive use of these antibiotics has selected resistant bacterial strains that employ a wide variety of mechanisms to escape the lethal action of these antibiotics. In addition to traditional β-lactams, other classes of molecules (non-β-lactams) that inhibit PBPs are now emerging, opening new perspectives for tackling the resistance problem while taking advantage of these valuable targets, for which a wealth of structural and functional knowledge has been accumulated. The overall evidence shows that PBPs are part of multiprotein machineries whose activities are modulated by cofactors. Perturbation of these systems could lead to lethal effects. Developing screening strategies to take advantage of these mechanisms could lead to new inhibitors of PG assembly. In this paper, we present a general background on the GTs and TPs/PBPs, a survey of recent issues of bacterial resistance and a review of recent works describing new inhibitors of these enzymes.
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7
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Cornaggia C, Gundala S, Manoni F, Gopalasetty N, Connon SJ. Catalytic formal cycloadditions between anhydrides and ketones: excellent enantio and diastereocontrol, controllable decarboxylation and the formation of adjacent quaternary stereocentres. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3040-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00089d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown for the first time that enolisable anhydrides can participate in highly efficient and diastereo/enantioselective additions to activated ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cornaggia
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sivaji Gundala
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Francesco Manoni
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nagaraju Gopalasetty
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen J. Connon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
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8
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Starr J, Brown MF, Aschenbrenner L, Caspers N, Che Y, Gerstenberger BS, Huband M, Knafels JD, Lemmon MM, Li C, McCurdy SP, McElroy E, Rauckhorst MR, Tomaras AP, Young JA, Zaniewski RP, Shanmugasundaram V, Han S. Siderophore Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Lactivicin Analogues in Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3845-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Starr
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lisa Aschenbrenner
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ye Che
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian S. Gerstenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Huband
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John D. Knafels
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - M. Megan Lemmon
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sandra P. McCurdy
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric McElroy
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark R. Rauckhorst
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew P. Tomaras
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Young
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Richard P. Zaniewski
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungil Han
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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9
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Bacterial cell division proteins as antibiotic targets. Bioorg Chem 2014; 55:27-38. [PMID: 24755375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins involved in bacterial cell division often do not have a counterpart in eukaryotic cells and they are essential for the survival of the bacteria. The genetic accessibility of many bacterial species in combination with the Green Fluorescence Protein revolution to study localization of proteins and the availability of crystal structures has increased our knowledge on bacterial cell division considerably in this century. Consequently, bacterial cell division proteins are more and more recognized as potential new antibiotic targets. An international effort to find small molecules that inhibit the cell division initiating protein FtsZ has yielded many compounds of which some are promising as leads for preclinical use. The essential transglycosylase activity of peptidoglycan synthases has recently become accessible to inhibitor screening. Enzymatic assays for and structural information on essential integral membrane proteins such as MraY and FtsW involved in lipid II (the peptidoglycan building block precursor) biosynthesis have put these proteins on the list of potential new targets. This review summarises and discusses the results and approaches to the development of lead compounds that inhibit bacterial cell division.
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10
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Nikolaidis I, Favini-Stabile S, Dessen A. Resistance to antibiotics targeted to the bacterial cell wall. Protein Sci 2014; 23:243-59. [PMID: 24375653 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan is the main component of the bacterial cell wall. It is a complex, three-dimensional mesh that surrounds the entire cell and is composed of strands of alternating glycan units crosslinked by short peptides. Its biosynthetic machinery has been, for the past five decades, a preferred target for the discovery of antibacterials. Synthesis of the peptidoglycan occurs sequentially within three cellular compartments (cytoplasm, membrane, and periplasm), and inhibitors of proteins that catalyze each stage have been identified, although not all are applicable for clinical use. A number of these antimicrobials, however, have been rendered inactive by resistance mechanisms. The employment of structural biology techniques has been instrumental in the understanding of such processes, as well as the development of strategies to overcome them. This review provides an overview of resistance mechanisms developed toward antibiotics that target bacterial cell wall precursors and its biosynthetic machinery. Strategies toward the development of novel inhibitors that could overcome resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nikolaidis
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Grenoble, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5075, Grenoble, France; Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Biochemistry of Membranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
The gliding Gram-negative Lysobacter bacteria are emerging as a promising source of new bioactive natural products. These ubiquitous freshwater and soil microorganisms are fast growing, simple to use and maintain, and genetically amenable for biosynthetic engineering. This Highlight reviews a group of biologically active and structurally distinct natural products from the genus Lysobacter, with a focus on their biosyntheses. Although Lysobacter sp. are known as prolific producers of bioactive natural products, detailed molecular mechanistic studies of their enzymatic assembly have been surprisingly scarce. We hope to provide a snapshot of the important work done on the lysobacterial natural products and to provide useful information for future biosynthetic engineering of novel antibiotics in Lysobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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12
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Hamed RB, Gomez-Castellanos JR, Henry L, Ducho C, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. The enzymes of β-lactam biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:21-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Gersch M, Kreuzer J, Sieber SA. Electrophilic natural products and their biological targets. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:659-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Contreras-Martel C, Amoroso A, Woon ECY, Zervosen A, Inglis S, Martins A, Verlaine O, Rydzik AM, Job V, Luxen A, Joris B, Schofield CJ, Dessen A. Structure-guided design of cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors that overcome β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:943-51. [PMID: 21732689 DOI: 10.1021/cb2001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics have long been a treatment of choice for bacterial infections since they bind irreversibly to Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs), enzymes that are vital for cell wall biosynthesis. Many pathogens express drug-insensitive PBPs rendering β-lactams ineffective, revealing a need for new types of PBP inhibitors active against resistant strains. We have identified alkyl boronic acids that are active against pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The crystal structures of PBP1b complexed to 11 different alkyl boronates demonstrate that in vivo efficacy correlates with the mode of inhibitor side chain binding. Staphylococcal membrane analyses reveal that the most potent alkyl boronate targets PBP1, an autolysis system regulator, and PBP2a, a low β-lactam affinity enzyme. This work demonstrates the potential of boronate-based PBP inhibitors for circumventing β-lactam resistance and opens avenues for the development of novel antibiotics that target Gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Amoroso
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie, B6a, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Esther C. Y. Woon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Inglis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - Olivier Verlaine
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie, B6a, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna M. Rydzik
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - André Luxen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Joris
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie, B6a, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
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15
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Zervosen A, Herman R, Kerff F, Herman A, Bouillez A, Prati F, Pratt RF, Frère JM, Joris B, Luxen A, Charlier P, Sauvage E. Unexpected Tricovalent Binding Mode of Boronic Acids within the Active Site of a Penicillin-Binding Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10839-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200696y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Prati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - R. F. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
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