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A Malik A, Dangroo NA, Kaur P, Attery S, A Rather M, Khan A, Ara T, Nandanwar H. Discovery of novel dihydronaphthalene-imidazole ligands as potential inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistant NorA efflux pump: A combination of experimental and in silico molecular docking studies. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106627. [PMID: 38521473 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of the efflux pump is a predominant mechanism by which bacteria show antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and leads to the global emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). In this work, the inhibitory potential of library of dihydronapthyl scaffold-based imidazole derivatives having structural resemblances with some known efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) were designed, synthesized and evaluated against efflux pump inhibitor against overexpressing bacterial strains to study the synergistic effect of compounds and antibiotics. Out of 15 compounds, four compounds (Dz-1, Dz-3, Dz-7, and Dz-8) were found to be highly active. DZ-3 modulated the MIC of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline by 128-fold each against 1199B, XU212 and RN4220 strains of S. aureus respectively. DZ-3 also potentiated tetracycline by 64-fold in E. coli AG100 strain. DZ-7 modulated the MIC of both tetracycline and erythromycin 128-fold each in S. aureus XU212 and S. aureus RN4220 strains. DZ-1 and DZ-8 showed the moderate reduction in MIC of tetracycline in E. coli AG100 only by 16-fold and 8-fold, respectively. DZ-3 was found to be the potential inhibitor of NorA as determined by ethidium bromide efflux inhibition and accumulation studies employing NorA overexpressing strain SA-1199B. DZ-3 displayed EPI activity at non-cytotoxic concentration to human cells and did not possess any antibacterial activity. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of DZ-3 was carried out in order to understand the possible binding sites of DZ-3 with the active site of the protein. These studies indicate that dihydronaphthalene scaffolds could serve as valuable cores for the development of promising EPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif A Malik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Nisar A Dangroo
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, J &K, 192122, India.
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Shobit Attery
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Manzoor A Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, J &K, 192122, India.
| | - Abrar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Tabassum Ara
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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2
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Roleira FMF, Costa SC, Gomes AR, Varela CL, Amaral C, Augusto TV, Correia-da-Silva G, Romeo I, Costa G, Alcaro S, Teixeira N, Tavares-da-Silva EJ. Design, synthesis, biological activity evaluation and structure-activity relationships of new steroidal aromatase inhibitors. The case of C-ring and 7β substituted steroids. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106286. [PMID: 36459778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, new steroidal aromatase inhibitors (AIs) were designed, synthesized, and tested. In one approach, C-ring substituted steroids namely those functionalized at C-11 position with an α or β hydroxyl group or with a carbonyl group as well as C-9/C-11 steroidal olefins and epoxides were studied. It was found that the carbonyl group at C-11 is more beneficial for aromatase inhibition than the hydroxyl group, and that the C-ring epoxides were more potent than the C-ring olefins, leading to the discovery of a very strong AI, compound 7, with an IC50 of 0.011 μM, better than Exemestane, the steroidal AI in clinical use, which presents an IC50 of 0.050 μM. In another approach, we explored the biological activity of A-ring C-1/C-2 steroidal olefins and epoxides in relation to aromatase inhibition and compared it with the biological activity of C-ring C-9/C-11 steroidal olefins and epoxides. On the contrary to what was observed for the C-ring olefins and epoxides, the A-ring epoxides were less potent than A-ring olefins. Finally, the effect of 7β-methyl substitution on aromatase inhibition was compared with 7α-methyl substitution, showing that 7β-methyl is better than 7α-methyl substitution. Molecular modelling studies showed that the 7β-methyl on C-7 seems to protrude into the opening to the access channel of aromatase in comparison to the 7α-methyl. This comparison led to find the best steroidal AI (12a) of this work with IC50 of 0.0058 μM. Compound 12a showed higher aromatase inhibition capacity than two of the three AIs currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M F Roleira
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Saul C Costa
- Univ Coimbra, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Gomes
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla L Varela
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago V Augusto
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisiário J Tavares-da-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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3
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Trisciuzzi D, Siragusa L, Baroni M, Cruciani G, Nicolotti O. An Integrated Machine Learning Model To Spot Peptide Binding Pockets in 3D Protein Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6812-6824. [PMID: 36320100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of peptide-protein binding sites is of utmost importance to tackle the onset of severe neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this work, we detail a novel machine learning model based on Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) demonstrating to be highly predictive in detecting the putative protein binding regions of small peptides. Starting from 439 high-quality pockets derived from peptide-protein crystallographic complexes, three sets of well-established peptide-binding regions were first selected through a Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm based on morphological and energetic 3D GRID-MIF molecular descriptors. Next, the best combination between all the putative interacting peptide pockets and related GRID-MIF scores was automatically explored by using the LDA-based protocol implemented in BioGPS. This approach proved successful to recognize the actual interacting peptide regions (that is, AUC = 0.86 and partial ROC enrichment at 5% of 0.48) from all the other pockets of the protein. Validated on two external collections sets, including 445 and 347 crystallographic peptide-protein complexes, our LDA-based model could be effective to further run peptide-protein virtual screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Trisciuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125Bari, Italy.,Molecular Discovery Ltd., Kinetic Business Centre, Theobald Street, Elstree, Borehamwood, HertfordshireWD6 4PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Siragusa
- Molecular Horizon s.r.l., Via Montelino, 30, 06084Bettona (PG), Italy.,Molecular Discovery Ltd., Kinetic Business Centre, Theobald Street, Elstree, Borehamwood, HertfordshireWD6 4PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Molecular Discovery Ltd., Kinetic Business Centre, Theobald Street, Elstree, Borehamwood, HertfordshireWD6 4PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125Bari, Italy
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4
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Yuan L, Liu J, Huang K, Wang S, Jin Y, Lin J. Cascade Reaction of Tertiary Enaminones, KSCN, and Anilines: Temperature-Controlled Synthesis of 2-Aminothiazoles and 2-Iminothiazoline. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9171-9183. [PMID: 35786913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot cascade strategy for the synthesis of 2-aminothiazole derivatives by tertiary enaminones, KSCN, and anilines was developed. By changing the reaction temperature, the three-component reaction could be transformed in different ways to obtain moderate to good yields of polysubstituted 2-aminothiazoles and 2-iminothiazolines. This protocol provides an efficient and concise approach to accessing 2-aminothiazole derivatives with potential bioactivity from readily accessible building blocks and reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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5
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Structural basis for inhibition of the drug efflux pump NorA from Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:706-712. [PMID: 35361990 PMCID: PMC9246859 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protein efflux pumps confer antibiotic resistance by extruding structurally distinct compounds and lowering their intracellular concentration. Yet, there are no clinically approved drugs to inhibit efflux pumps, which would potentiate the efficacy of existing antibiotics rendered ineffective by drug efflux. Here we identified synthetic antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) that inhibit the quinolone transporter NorA from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Structures of two NorA-Fab complexes determined using cryo-electron microscopy reveal a Fab loop deeply inserted in the substrate-binding pocket of NorA. An arginine residue on this loop interacts with two neighboring aspartate and glutamate residues essential for NorA-mediated antibiotic resistance in MRSA. Peptide mimics of the Fab loop inhibit NorA with submicromolar potency and ablate MRSA growth in combination with the antibiotic norfloxacin. These findings establish a class of peptide inhibitors that block antibiotic efflux in MRSA by targeting indispensable residues in NorA without the need for membrane permeability.
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6
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Trisciuzzi D, Siragusa L, Baroni M, Autiero I, Nicolotti O, Cruciani G. Getting Insights into Structural and Energetic Properties of Reciprocal Peptide-Protein Interactions. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1113-1125. [PMID: 35148095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-protein interactions play a key role for many cellular and metabolic processes involved in the onset of largely spread diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative pathologies. Despite the progress in the structural characterization of peptide-protein interfaces, the in-depth knowledge of the molecular details behind their interactions is still a daunting task. Here, we present the first comprehensive in silico morphological and energetic study of peptide binding sites by focusing on both peptide and protein standpoints. Starting from the PixelDB database, a nonredundant benchmark collection of high-quality 3D crystallographic structures of peptide-protein complexes, a classification analysis of the most representative categories based on the nature of each cocrystallized peptide has been carried out. Several interpretable geometrical and energetic descriptors have been computed both from peptide and target protein sides in the attempt to unveil physicochemical and structural causative correlations. Finally, we investigated the most frequent peptide-protein residue pairs at the binding interface and made extensive energetic analyses, based on GRID MIFs, with the aim to study the peptide affinity-enhancing interactions to be further exploited in rational drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Trisciuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.,Molecular Horizon s.r.l., Via Montelino, 30, 06084 Bettona (PG), Italy
| | - Lydia Siragusa
- Molecular Horizon s.r.l., Via Montelino, 30, 06084 Bettona (PG), Italy.,Molecular Discovery Ltd., Kinetic Business Centre, Theobald Street, Elstree, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 4PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Molecular Discovery Ltd., Kinetic Business Centre, Theobald Street, Elstree, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 4PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Autiero
- Molecular Horizon s.r.l., Via Montelino, 30, 06084 Bettona (PG), Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
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7
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Criteria for Engineering Cutinases: Bioinformatics Analysis of Catalophores. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutinases are bacterial and fungal enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of natural cutin, a three-dimensional inter-esterified polyester with epoxy-hydroxy fatty acids with chain lengths between 16 and 18 carbon atoms. Due to their ability to accept long chain substrates, cutinases are also effective in catalyzing in vitro both the degradation and synthesis of several synthetic polyesters and polyamides. Here, we present a bioinformatics study that intends to correlate the structural features of cutinases with their catalytic properties to provide rational basis for their effective exploitation, particularly in polymer synthesis and biodegradation. The bioinformatics study used the BioGPS method (Global Positioning System in Biological Space) that computed molecular descriptors based on Molecular Interaction Fields (MIFs) described in the GRID force field. The information was used to generate catalophores, spatial representations of the ability of each enzymatic active site to establish hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. These tools were exploited for comparing cutinases to other serine-hydrolases enzymes, namely lipases, esterases, amidases and proteases, and for highlighting differences and similarities that might guide rational engineering strategies. Structural features of cutinases with their catalytic properties were correlated. The “catalophore” of cutinases indicate shared features with lipases and esterases.
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8
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Monteiro KLC, de Aquino TM, Mendonça Junior FJB. An Update on Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2168-2185. [PMID: 32621719 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200704135837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are pathogens causing severe infectious diseases that pose real public health threats problems worldwide. In S. aureus, the most efficient multidrug-resistant system is the NorA efflux pump. For this reason, it is critical to identify efflux pump inhibitors. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we present an update of the new natural and synthetic compounds that act as modulators of antibiotic resistance through the inhibition of the S. aureus NorA efflux pump. RESULTS Several classes of compounds capable of restoring the antibiotic activity have been identified against resistant-S. aureus strains, acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors. The most promising classes of compounds were quinolines, indoles, pyridines, phenols, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. However, the substantial degree structural diversity of these compounds makes it difficult to establish good structure- activity correlations that allow the design of compounds with more promising activities and properties. CONCLUSION Despite substantial efforts put forth in the search for new antibiotic adjuvants that act as efflux pump inhibitors, and despite several promising results, there are currently no efflux pump inhibitors authorized for human or veterinary use, or in clinical trials. Unfortunately, it appears that infection control strategies have remained the same since the discovery of penicillin, and that most efforts remain focused on discovering new classes of antibiotics, rather than trying to prolong the life of available antibiotics, and simultaneously fighting mechanisms of bacterial resistance.
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9
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Xu Y, Ge X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu XW. A mild one-pot synthesis of 2-iminothiazolines from thioureas and 1-bromo-1-nitroalkenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2221-2225. [PMID: 35424148 PMCID: PMC8693722 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild method to access functionalized 2-iminothiazolines in a facile and efficient manner has been developed. The reaction started from 1,3-disubstituted thioureas and 1-bromo-1-nitroalkenes in the presence of triethylamine in THF and proceeded smoothly in air to afford 2-iminothiazoline derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Xin Ge
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
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10
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Do 1,8-naphthyridine sulfonamides possess an inhibitory action against Tet(K) and MsrA efflux pumps in multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains? Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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de Sousa Andrade LM, de Oliveira ABM, Leal ALAB, de Alcântara Oliveira FA, Portela AL, de Sousa Lima Neto J, de Siqueira-Júnior JP, Kaatz GW, da Rocha CQ, Barreto HM. Antimicrobial activity and inhibition of the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus by extract and isolated compounds from Arrabidaea brachypoda. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103935. [PMID: 31857236 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arrabidaea brachypoda is a native shrub of the Brazilian Cerrado widely used in the folk medicine for treatment of renal diseases and articular pains. This study aimed to, first, evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both extracts and isolated molecules Brachydins BR-A and BR-B obtained from the flowers of A. brachypoda against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Candida albicans species. A second objective was to investigate if these natural products were able to potentiate the Norfloxacin activity against the strain Staphylococcus aureus SA1199-B that overexpress the norA gene encoding the NorA efflux pump. Extracts and isolated compounds were analyzed by HPLC-PDA and LC-ESI-MS respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of Norfloxacin or Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) were determined in the presence or absence of ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction, as well as BR-A or BR-B by microdilution method. Only BR-B showed activity against Candida albicans. Addition of ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction or BR-B to the growth media at sub-inhibitory concentrations enhanced the activity of both Norfloxacin and EtBr against S. aureus SA1199-B, indicating that these natural products and its isolated compound BR-B were able to modulate the fluoroquinolone-resistance possibly by inhibition of NorA. Moreover, BR-B inhibited the EtBr efflux in the SA1199-B strain confirming that it is a NorA inhibitor. Isolated BR-B was able to inhibit an important mechanism of multidrug-resistance very prevalent in S. aureus strains, thus its use in combination with Norfloxacin could be considered as an alternative for the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus strains overexpressing norA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Lurdes Portela
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedicines, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glenn William Kaatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedicines, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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12
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Palazzotti D, Bissaro M, Bolcato G, Astolfi A, Felicetti T, Sabatini S, Sturlese M, Cecchetti V, Barreca ML, Moro S. Deciphering the Molecular Recognition Mechanism of Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Using a Supervised Molecular Dynamics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4041. [PMID: 31430864 PMCID: PMC6719125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and misuse of antibiotics has resulted in critical conditions for drug-resistant bacteria emergency, accelerating the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this context, the co-administration of an antibiotic with a compound able to restore sufficient antibacterial activity may be a successful strategy. In particular, the identification of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) holds promise for new antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs). Indeed, bacterial efflux pumps have a key role in AMR development; for instance, NorA efflux pump contributes to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) resistance against fluoroquinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin) by promoting their active extrusion from the cells. Even though NorA efflux pump is known to be a potential target for EPIs development, the absence of structural information about this protein and the little knowledge available on its mechanism of action have strongly hampered rational drug discovery efforts in this area. In the present work, we investigated at the molecular level the substrate recognition pathway of NorA through a Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) approach, using a NorA homology model. Specific amino acids were identified as playing a key role in the efflux pump-mediated extrusion of its substrate, paving the way for a deeper understanding of both the mechanisms of action and the inhibition of such efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Palazzotti
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of excellence 2018-2022”, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maicol Bissaro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bolcato
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of excellence 2018-2022”, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of excellence 2018-2022”, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of excellence 2018-2022”, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of excellence 2018-2022”, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of excellence 2018-2022”, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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13
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Lamut A, Peterlin Mašič L, Kikelj D, Tomašič T. Efflux pump inhibitors of clinically relevant multidrug resistant bacteria. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2460-2504. [PMID: 31004360 DOI: 10.1002/med.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are an increasingly serious issue worldwide. The inability of existing therapies to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens has been recognized as an important challenge of the 21st century. Efflux pumps are important in both intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance and identification of small molecule efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), capable of restoring the effectiveness of available antibiotics, is an active research field. In the last two decades, much effort has been made to identify novel EPIs. However, none of them has so far been approved for therapeutic use. In this article, we explore different structural families of currently known EPIs for multidrug resistance efflux systems in the most extensively studied pathogens (NorA in Staphylococcus aureus, AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli, and MexAB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Both synthetic and natural compounds are described, with structure-activity relationship studies and optimization processes presented systematically for each family individually. In vitro activities against selected test strains are presented in a unifying manner for all the EPIs described, together with the most important toxicity, pharmacokinetic and in vivo efficacy data. A critical evaluation of lead-likeness characteristics and the potential for clinical development of the most promising inhibitors of the three efflux systems is described. This overview of EPIs is a good starting point for the identification of novel effective antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Lamut
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Roleira FMF, Varela C, Amaral C, Costa SC, Correia-da-Silva G, Moraca F, Costa G, Alcaro S, Teixeira NAA, Tavares da Silva EJ. C-6α- vs C-7α-Substituted Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors: Which Is Better? Synthesis, Biochemical Evaluation, Docking Studies, and Structure–Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3636-3657. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M. F. Roleira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF Centre for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Varela
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF Centre for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Saul C. Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Federica Moraca
- Laboratorio di Chimica Farmaceutica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Laboratorio di Chimica Farmaceutica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Laboratorio di Chimica Farmaceutica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natércia A. A. Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisiário J. Tavares da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF Centre for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Rath SK, Singh S, Kumar S, Wani NA, Rai R, Koul S, Khan IA, Sangwan PL. Synthesis of amides from (E)-3-(1-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid and substituted amino acid esters as NorA efflux pump inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:343-353. [PMID: 30552006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors for NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus have attracted the attention of many researchers towards the discovery and development of novel efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). In an attempt to find specific potent inhibitors of NorA efflux pump of S. aureus, a total of 15 amino acid conjugates of 3-(1-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid (4-18) were synthesized using a simple convenient synthetic approach and bioevaluated against NorA efflux pump. Two compounds 7 and 8 (each having MEC of 1.56 µg/mL) were found to restore the activity of ciprofloxacin through reduction of the MIC elucidated by comparing the ethidium bromide efflux in dose dependent manner in addition to ethidium bromide efflux inhibition and accumulation study using NorA overexpressing strain SA-1199B. Most potent compounds among these were able to restore the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin completely against SA-1199B. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies and docking study of potent compounds 7 and 8 could elucidate the structural requirements necessary for interaction with the NorA efflux pumps. On the whole, compounds 7 and 8 have ability to reverse the NorA efflux mediated resistance and could be further optimized for development of potent efflux pump inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Rath
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Samsher Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Naiem A Wani
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Rajkishor Rai
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Surrinder Koul
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Inshad A Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Payare L Sangwan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM Campus, Jammu 180001, India.
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16
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Bocci G, Moreau A, Vayer P, Denizot C, Fardel O, Parmentier Y. New insights in the in vitro characterisation and molecular modelling of the P-glycoprotein inhibitory promiscuity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:85-94. [PMID: 29709579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of several binding sites for both substrates and inhibitors is yet a poorly explored thematic concerning the assessment of the drug-drug interactions risk due to interactions of multiple drugs with the human transport protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1, gene ABCB1). In this study we measured the inhibitory behaviour of a set of known drugs towards P-gp by using three different probe substrates (digoxin, Hoechst 33,342 and rhodamine 123). A structure-based model was built to unravel the different substrates binding sites and to rationalize the cases where drugs were not inhibiting all the substrates. A separate set of experiments was used to validate the model and confirmed its suitability to either detect the substrate-dependent P-gp inhibition and to anticipate proper substrates for in vitro experiments case by case. The modelling strategy described can be applied for either design safer drugs (P-gp as antitarget) or to target specific sub-site inhibitors towards other drugs (P-gp as target).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bocci
- Laboratory of Chemometrics, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Amélie Moreau
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France
| | - Philippe Vayer
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France.
| | - Claire Denizot
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France
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17
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Radix S, Jordheim AD, Rocheblave L, N'Digo S, Prignon AL, Commun C, Michalet S, Dijoux-Franca MG, Mularoni A, Walchshofer N. N,N′-disubstituted cinnamamide derivatives potentiate ciprofloxacin activity against overexpressing NorA efflux pump Staphylococcus aureus 1199B strains. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:900-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Aminoguanidine hydrazones (AGH's) as modulators of norfloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus that overexpress NorA efflux pump. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 280:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Cannalire R, Machado D, Felicetti T, Santos Costa S, Massari S, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Tabarrini O, Couto I, Viveiros M, Sabatini S, Cecchetti V. Natural isoflavone biochanin A as a template for the design of new and potent 3-phenylquinolone efflux inhibitors against Mycobacterium avium. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:321-330. [PMID: 28964936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is a difficult-to-treat pathogen able to quickly develop drug resistance. Like for other microbial species, overexpression of efflux pumps is one of the main mechanisms in developing multidrug resistance. Although the use of efflux pumps inhibitors (EPIs) represents a promising strategy to reverse resistance, to date few M. avium EPIs are known. Recently, we showed that in-house 2-phenylquinoline S. aureus NorA EPIs exhibited also a good activity against M. avium efflux pumps. Herein, we report a series of 3-phenylquinolones designed by modifying the isoflavone biochanin A, a natural EPI of the related M. smegmatis, taking into account some important SAR information obtained around the 2-phenylquinoline NorA EPIs. The 3-phenylquinolones inhibited M. avium efflux pumps with derivatives 1e and 1g that displayed the highest synergistic activity against all the strains considered in the study, bringing down (from 4- to 128-fold reduction) the MIC values of macrolides and fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Diana Machado
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabel Couto
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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20
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Felicetti T, Cannalire R, Burali MS, Massari S, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Tabarrini O, Schindler BD, Sabatini S, Kaatz GW, Cecchetti V. Searching for Novel Inhibitors of the S. aureus NorA Efflux Pump: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the 3-Phenyl-1,4-benzothiazine Analogues. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1293-1302. [PMID: 28598572 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an increasingly serious health problem in recent years. Among the strategies by which resistance can be achieved, overexpression of efflux pumps such as NorA of Staphylococcus aureus leads to a sub-lethal concentration of the antibacterial agent at the active site that in turn may predispose the organism to the development of high-level target-based resistance. With an aim to improve both the chemical stability and potency of our previously reported 3-phenyl-1,4-benzothiazine NorA inhibitors, we replaced the benzothiazine core with different nuclei. None of the new synthesized compounds showed any appreciable intrinsic antibacterial activity, and, in particular, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoline (6 c) was able to decrease, in a concentration-dependent manner, the ciprofloxacin MIC against the norA-overexpressing strains S. aureus SA-K2378 (norA++) and SA-1199B (norA+/A116E GrlA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Burali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bryan D Schindler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and the, John D. Dingell Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Glenn W Kaatz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and the, John D. Dingell Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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21
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Schillaci D, Spanò V, Parrino B, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Cascioferro S. Pharmaceutical Approaches to Target Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8268-8297. [PMID: 28594170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to fight the global threat of antibiotic resistance. The focus of this Perspective is on chemical agents that target the most common mechanisms of antibiotic resistance such as enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, changes in cell permeability, and induction/activation of efflux pumps. Here we assess the current landscape and challenges in the treatment of antibiotic resistance mechanisms at both bacterial cell and community levels. We also discuss the potential clinical application of chemical inhibitors of antibiotic resistance mechanisms as add-on treatments for serious drug-resistant infections. Enzymatic inhibitors, such as the derivatives of the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam, are closer to the clinic than other molecules. For example, MK-7655, in combination with imipenem, is in clinical development for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are difficult to treat. In addition, other molecules targeting multidrug-resistance mechanisms, such as efflux pumps, are under development and hold promise for the treatment of multidrug resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Schillaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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22
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Buonerba F, Lepri S, Goracci L, Schindler BD, Seo SM, Kaatz GW, Cruciani G. Improved Potency of Indole-Based NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors: From Serendipity toward Rational Design and Development. J Med Chem 2016; 60:517-523. [PMID: 27977195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The NorA efflux pump is a potential drug target for reversal of resistance to selected antibacterial agents, and recently we described indole-based inhibitor candidates. Herein we report a second class of inhibitors derived from them but with significant differences in shape and size. In particular, compounds 13 and 14 are very potent inhibitors in that they demonstrated the lowest IC50 values (2 μM) ever observed among all indole-based compounds we have evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buonerba
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Susan Lepri
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bryan D Schindler
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Susan M Seo
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Glenn W Kaatz
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
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23
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Willers C, Wentzel JF, du Plessis LH, Gouws C, Hamman JH. Efflux as a mechanism of antimicrobial drug resistance in clinical relevant microorganisms: the role of efflux inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:23-36. [PMID: 27892739 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1265105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial resistance against antibiotics is a serious threat to the effective treatment of infectious diseases. Several mechanisms exist through which microorganisms can develop resistance against antimicrobial drugs, of which the overexpression of genes to produce efflux pumps is a major concern. Several efflux transporters have been identified in microorganisms, which infer resistance against specific antibiotics and even multidrug resistance. Areas covered: This paper focuses on microbial resistance against antibiotics by means of the mechanism of efflux and gives a critical overview of studies conducted to overcome this problem by combining efflux pump inhibitors with antibiotics. Information was obtained from a literature search done with MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, OneSearch and EBSCO host. Expert opinion: Efflux as a mechanism of multidrug resistance has presented a platform for improved efficacy against resistant microorganisms by co-administration of efflux pump inhibitors with antimicrobial agents. Although proof of concept has been shown for this approach with in vitro experiments, further research is needed to develop more potent inhibitors with low toxicity which is clinically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Willers
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Johannes Frederik Wentzel
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Lissinda Hester du Plessis
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Josias Hendrik Hamman
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
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24
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Costa LM, de Macedo EV, Oliveira FAA, Ferreira JHL, Gutierrez SJC, Peláez WJ, Lima FCA, de Siqueira Júnior JP, Coutinho HDM, Kaatz GW, de Freitas RM, Barreto HM. Inhibition of the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus by synthetic riparins. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1312-1322. [PMID: 27537678 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to increase knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of some synthetic Riparin-derived compounds, alone or in combination with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to fluoroquinolone by way of overexpression of the NorA efflux pump. METHODS AND RESULTS Microdilution tests showed that Riparins A and B did not show any significant antibacterial activity against Staph. aureus strains. On the other hand, the intrinsic antibacterial activity increased with increasing lipophilicity of the compounds, in the following order: Riparin-D (MIC 256 μg ml-1 ; Log P 2·95) < Riparin-C (MIC 102 μg ml-1 ; Log P 3·22) < Riparin-E (MIC 16 μg ml-1 ; Log P 3·57). The addition of all riparins to growth media at subinhibitory concentrations caused an increase in the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against the NorA-overexpressing test strain. Riparin-B, which has two methoxyl groups at the phenethyl moiety, showed the best modulatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Riparin-E is a good anti-staphylococci agent, while Riparin-B functions as a NorA efflux pump inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our data suggest the possibility of using Riparin-B in combination with norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin for therapy of infections caused by multi-drug resistant Staph. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Costa
- Laboratory for Research in Experimental Neurochemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - E V de Macedo
- Laboratory for Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - F A A Oliveira
- Laboratory for Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - J H L Ferreira
- Laboratory for Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - S J C Gutierrez
- Laboratory for Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - W J Peláez
- INFIQC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F C A Lima
- Laboratory of Computational Quantum Chemistry and Drug Planning, State University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - J P de Siqueira Júnior
- Laboratory of Genetic of Microorganisms, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa (PB), Brazil
| | - H D M Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - G W Kaatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - R M de Freitas
- Laboratory for Research in Experimental Neurochemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil
| | - H M Barreto
- Laboratory for Research in Microbiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (PI), Brazil.
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25
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Carotti A, Ianni F, Sabatini S, Di Michele A, Sardella R, Kaatz GW, Lindner W, Cecchetti V, Natalini B. The "racemic approach" in the evaluation of the enantiomeric NorA efflux pump inhibition activity of 2-phenylquinoline derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:182-189. [PMID: 27429367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the mechanisms adopted by bacteria, efflux pumps (EPs) have been recognized as being significantly involved in contributing to resistance to commonly used antibacterial agents. However, little is known about their three-dimensional structures or the steric requirements for their inhibition. Lack of such knowledge includes NorA, one of the most studied Staphylococcus aureus EPs. In the present study, the use of two commercialized Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases allowed the enantioseparation of four 2-((2-(4-propoxyphenyl)quinolin-4-yl)oxy)alkylamines 1-4 previously found to be potent S. aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors when tested as racemates. In the identified optimal polar-ionic conditions (MeOH/THF/H2O-49/49/2 (v/v/v)+25mM formic acid, 12.5mM diethylamine), repeated consecutive injections of 1 allowed the isolation of sufficient amount of its enantiomers (2.6mg and 2.8mg, for (R)-1 and (S)-1, respectively) and then to evaluate their ability to inhibit the S. aureus NorA efflux pump. The biological evaluation highlighted the main contribution of the (R)-1 enantiomer to both the EtBr efflux inhibition and synergistic effect with against SA-1199B (norA+/A116E GrlA) respect to the racemate activity. The comparison between the experimental electronic circular dichroism and the time-dependent density functional theory calculations spectra of the two isolated enantiomeric fractions allowed for all compounds a clear and easy assignment of the enantiomeric elution order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Glenn W Kaatz
- John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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26
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Schindler BD, Kaatz GW. Multidrug efflux pumps of Gram-positive bacteria. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 27:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Lepri S, Buonerba F, Goracci L, Velilla I, Ruzziconi R, Schindler BD, Seo SM, Kaatz GW, Cruciani G. Indole Based Weapons to Fight Antibiotic Resistance: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study. J Med Chem 2016; 59:867-91. [PMID: 26757340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a worldwide concern, especially regarding the outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause for serious skin and soft tissues infections. A major contributor to Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance is the NorA efflux pump, which is able to extrude selected antibacterial drugs and biocides from the membrane, lowering their effective concentrations. Thus, the inhibition of NorA represents a promising and challenging strategy that would allow recycling of substrate antimicrobial agents. Among NorA inhibitors, the indole scaffold proved particularly effective and suitable for further optimization. In this study, some unexplored modifications on the indole scaffold are proposed. In particular, for the first time, substitutions at the C5 and N1 positions have been designed to give 48 compounds, which were synthesized and tested against norA-overexpressing S. aureus. Among them, 4 compounds have NorA IC50 values lower than 5.0 μM proving to be good efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) candidates. In addition, preliminary data on their ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) profile is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lepri
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Buonerba
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Velilla
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Renzo Ruzziconi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bryan D Schindler
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Susan M Seo
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Glenn W Kaatz
- The John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
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28
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Machado D, Cannalire R, Santos Costa S, Manfroni G, Tabarrini O, Cecchetti V, Couto I, Viveiros M, Sabatini S. Boosting Effect of 2-Phenylquinoline Efflux Inhibitors in Combination with Macrolides against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium. ACS Infect Dis 2015; 1:593-603. [PMID: 27623057 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The identification of efflux inhibitors to be used as adjuvants alongside existing drug regimens could have a tremendous value in the treatment of any mycobacterial infection. Here, we investigated the ability of four 2-(4'-propoxyphenyl)quinoline Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux inhibitors (1-4) to reduce the efflux activity in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium strains. All four compounds were able to inhibit efflux pumps in both mycobacterial species; in particular, O-ethylpiperazinyl derivative 2 showed an efflux inhibitory activity comparable to that of verapamil, the most potent mycobacterial efflux inhibitor reported to date, and was able to significantly reduce the MIC values of macrolides against different M. avium strains. The contribution of the M. avium efflux pumps MAV_1406 and MAV_1695 to clarithromycin resistance was proved because they were found to be overexpressed in two M. avium 104 isogenic strains showing high-level clarithromycin resistance. These results indicated a correlation between increased expression of efflux pumps, increased efflux, macrolide resistance, and reduction of resistance by efflux pump inhibitors such as compound 2. Additionally, compound 2 showed synergistic activity with clarithromycin, at a concentration below the cytotoxicity threshold, in an ex vivo experiment against M. avium 104-infected macrophages. In summary, the 2-(4'-propoxyphenyl)quinoline scaffold is suitable to obtain compounds endowed with good efflux pump inhibitory activity against both S. aureus and nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Machado
- Grupo
de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Rua da Junqueira
100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Grupo
de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Rua da Junqueira
100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabel Couto
- Grupo
de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Rua da Junqueira
100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Grupo
de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global
Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina
Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT, UNL), Rua da Junqueira
100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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29
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Londhe BS, Padwal SL, Bhosale MR, Mane RA. Novel synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazines in water accelerated by β-cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Dellafiora L, Marchetti M, Spyrakis F, Orlandi V, Campanini B, Cruciani G, Cozzini P, Mozzarelli A. Expanding the chemical space of human serine racemase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4297-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Gill EE, Franco OL, Hancock REW. Antibiotic adjuvants: diverse strategies for controlling drug-resistant pathogens. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 85:56-78. [PMID: 25393203 PMCID: PMC4279029 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of bacterial pathogens that are resistant to numerous antibiotics is a cause for concern around the globe. There have been no new broad-spectrum antibiotics developed in the last 40 years, and the drugs we have currently are quickly becoming ineffective. In this article, we explore a range of therapeutic strategies that could be employed in conjunction with antibiotics and may help to prolong the life span of these life-saving drugs. Discussed topics include antiresistance drugs, which are administered to potentiate the effects of current antimicrobials in bacteria where they are no longer (or never were) effective; antivirulence drugs, which are directed against bacterial virulence factors; host-directed therapies, which modulate the host's immune system to facilitate infection clearance; and alternative treatments, which include such therapies as oral rehydration for diarrhea, phage therapy, and probiotics. All of these avenues show promise for the treatment of bacterial infections and should be further investigated to explore their full potential in the face of a postantibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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32
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Meng G, Zheng M, Dong M, Wang M, Zheng A, Guo Z. An Environment-friendly Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted-2-iminothiazoline-4-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Meilin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Mengshu Dong
- School of Software Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Aqun Zheng
- School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
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33
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Siragusa L, Cross S, Baroni M, Goracci L, Cruciani G. BioGPS: Navigating biological space to predict polypharmacology, off-targeting, and selectivity. Proteins 2015; 83:517-32. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Siragusa
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; Perugia 06123 Italy
| | - Simon Cross
- Molecular Discovery Limited; Pinner, Middlesex, London HA5 5NE United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Molecular Discovery Limited; Pinner, Middlesex, London HA5 5NE United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goracci
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; Perugia 06123 Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; Perugia 06123 Italy
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34
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BioGPS descriptors for rational engineering of enzyme promiscuity and structure based bioinformatic analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109354. [PMID: 25353170 PMCID: PMC4212942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bioinformatic methodology was developed founded on the Unsupervised Pattern Cognition Analysis of GRID-based BioGPS descriptors (Global Positioning System in Biological Space). The procedure relies entirely on three-dimensional structure analysis of enzymes and does not stem from sequence or structure alignment. The BioGPS descriptors account for chemical, geometrical and physical-chemical features of enzymes and are able to describe comprehensively the active site of enzymes in terms of “pre-organized environment” able to stabilize the transition state of a given reaction. The efficiency of this new bioinformatic strategy was demonstrated by the consistent clustering of four different Ser hydrolases classes, which are characterized by the same active site organization but able to catalyze different reactions. The method was validated by considering, as a case study, the engineering of amidase activity into the scaffold of a lipase. The BioGPS tool predicted correctly the properties of lipase variants, as demonstrated by the projection of mutants inside the BioGPS “roadmap”.
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35
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Mortikov VY, Rodinovskaya LA, Fedorov AE, Shestopalov AM, Belyakov PA. Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from 4-formylpyrazoles. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Mandal SM, Roy A, Ghosh AK, Hazra TK, Basak A, Franco OL. Challenges and future prospects of antibiotic therapy: from peptides to phages utilization. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:105. [PMID: 24860506 PMCID: PMC4027024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are raising serious concern across the globe. The effectiveness of conventional antibiotics is decreasing due to global emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. This process seems to be primarily caused by an indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antibiotics in non-infected patients and in the food industry. New classes of antibiotics with different actions against MDR pathogens need to be developed urgently. In this context, this review focuses on several ways and future directions to search for the next generation of safe and effective antibiotics compounds including antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, phytochemicals, metalloantibiotics, lipopolysaccharide, and efflux pump inhibitors to control the infections caused by MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
| | - Anupam Roy
- Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
| | - Ananta K Ghosh
- Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
| | - Tapas K Hazra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Amit Basak
- Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasilia, Brazil
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37
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Spyrakis F, Cellini B, Bruno S, Benedetti P, Carosati E, Cruciani G, Micheli F, Felici A, Cozzini P, Kellogg GE, Voltattorni CB, Mozzarelli A. Targeting cystalysin, a virulence factor of treponema denticola-supported periodontitis. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1501-11. [PMID: 24616267 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystalysin from Treponema denticola is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent lyase that catalyzes the formation of pyruvate, ammonia, and sulfide from cysteine. It is a virulence factor in adult periodontitis because its reaction contributes to hemolysis, which sustains the pathogen. Therefore, it was proposed as a potential antimicrobial target. To identify specific inhibitors by structure-based in silico methods, we first validated the crystal structure of cystalysin as a reliable starting point for the design of ligands. By using single-crystal absorption microspectrophotometry, we found that the enzyme in the crystalline state, with respect to that in solution, exhibits: 1) the same absorption spectra for the catalytic intermediates, 2) a close pKa value for the residue controlling the keto enamine ionization, and 3) similar reactivity with glycine, L-serine, L-methionine, and the nonspecific irreversible inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine. Next, we screened in silico a library of 9357 compounds with the Fingerprints for Ligands and Proteins (FLAP) software, by using the three-dimensional structure of cystalysin as a template. From the library, 17 compounds were selected and experimentally evaluated by enzyme assays and spectroscopic methods. Two compounds were found to competitively inhibit recombinant T. denticola cystalysin, with inhibition constant (Ki ) values of 25 and 37 μM. One of them exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 64 μg mL(-1) on Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 23246, which proves its ability to cross bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Parma, Parma (Italy); Current address: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (Italy)
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38
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Spyrakis F, Singh R, Cozzini P, Campanini B, Salsi E, Felici P, Raboni S, Benedetti P, Cruciani G, Kellogg GE, Cook PF, Mozzarelli A. Isozyme-specific ligands for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, a novel antibiotic target. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77558. [PMID: 24167577 PMCID: PMC3805590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last step of cysteine biosynthesis in bacteria and plants is catalyzed by O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase. In bacteria, two isozymes, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B, have been identified that share similar binding sites, although the respective specific functions are still debated. O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase plays a key role in the adaptation of bacteria to the host environment, in the defense mechanisms to oxidative stress and in antibiotic resistance. Because mammals synthesize cysteine from methionine and lack O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, the enzyme is a potential target for antimicrobials. With this aim, we first identified potential inhibitors of the two isozymes via a ligand- and structure-based in silico screening of a subset of the ZINC library using FLAP. The binding affinities of the most promising candidates were measured in vitro on purified O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B from Salmonella typhimurium by a direct method that exploits the change in the cofactor fluorescence. Two molecules were identified with dissociation constants of 3.7 and 33 µM for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B, respectively. Because GRID analysis of the two isoenzymes indicates the presence of a few common pharmacophoric features, cross binding titrations were carried out. It was found that the best binder for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B exhibits a dissociation constant of 29 µM for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A, thus displaying a limited selectivity, whereas the best binder for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A exhibits a dissociation constant of 50 µM for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B and is thus 8-fold selective towards the former isozyme. Therefore, isoform-specific and isoform-independent ligands allow to either selectively target the isozyme that predominantly supports bacteria during infection and long-term survival or to completely block bacterial cysteine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratna Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Cozzini
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail: (BC); (AM)
| | - Enea Salsi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Felici
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Glen E. Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul F. Cook
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (BC); (AM)
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Synthesis of annulated heterocyclic systems based on 4-CF3- or 4-CHF2-3-cyano-(1H)-pyridine-2-thiones. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Schindler BD, Jacinto P, Kaatz GW. Inhibition of drug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus: current status of potentiating existing antibiotics. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:491-507. [PMID: 23534361 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus coupled with a declining output of new antibiotic treatment options from the pharmaceutical industry is a growing worldwide healthcare problem. Multidrug efflux pumps are known to play a role in antibiotic and biocide resistance in S. aureus. These membrane transporters are capable of extruding drugs and other structurally unrelated compounds, hence decreasing intracellular concentration and increasing survival. Coadministration of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) with antibiotics that are pump substrates could increase intracellular drug levels, thus bringing renewed efficacy to existing antistaphylococcal agents. Numerous EPIs have been identified or synthesized over the past two decades; these include existing pharmacologic drugs, naturally occurring compounds, and synthetic derivatives thereof. This review describes the current progress in EPI development for use against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Schindler
- John D Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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41
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Selvam B, Porter SL, Tikhonova IG. Addressing Selective Polypharmacology of Antipsychotic Drugs Targeting the Bioaminergic Receptors through Receptor Dynamic Conformational Ensembles. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1761-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400282q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Selvam
- Molecular Therapeutics,
School of Pharmacy, Medical
Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L. Porter
- Molecular Therapeutics,
School of Pharmacy, Medical
Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- Molecular Therapeutics,
School of Pharmacy, Medical
Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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42
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New linezolid-like 1,2,4-oxadiazoles active against Gram-positive multiresistant pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:533-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Sabatini S, Gosetto F, Iraci N, Barreca ML, Massari S, Sancineto L, Manfroni G, Tabarrini O, Dimovska M, Kaatz GW, Cecchetti V. Re-evolution of the 2-Phenylquinolines: Ligand-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Potent New Class of Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4975-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Gosetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirjana Dimovska
- John D. Dingell Department of
Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United
States
| | - Glenn W. Kaatz
- John D. Dingell Department of
Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United
States
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Artese A, Cross S, Costa G, Distinto S, Parrotta L, Alcaro S, Ortuso F, Cruciani G. Molecular interaction fields in drug discovery: recent advances and future perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute; Università degli Studi “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro; Campus “S. Venuta”; Viale Europa Catanzaro Italy
| | - Simon Cross
- Molecular Discovery Ltd, Pinner; Middlesex London United Kingdom
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute; Università degli Studi “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro; Campus “S. Venuta”; Viale Europa Catanzaro Italy
| | - Simona Distinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente; Università di Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Lucia Parrotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute; Università degli Studi “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro; Campus “S. Venuta”; Viale Europa Catanzaro Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute; Università degli Studi “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro; Campus “S. Venuta”; Viale Europa Catanzaro Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute; Università degli Studi “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro; Campus “S. Venuta”; Viale Europa Catanzaro Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Cheminformatics; Chemistry Department; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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Kourtesi C, Ball AR, Huang YY, Jachak SM, Vera DMA, Khondkar P, Gibbons S, Hamblin MR, Tegos GP. Microbial efflux systems and inhibitors: approaches to drug discovery and the challenge of clinical implementation. Open Microbiol J 2013; 7:34-52. [PMID: 23569468 PMCID: PMC3617545 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801307010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antimicrobials are increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The need to overcome these deficiencies has triggered exploration for novel and unconventional approaches to controlling microbial infections. Multidrug efflux systems (MES) have been a profound obstacle in the successful deployment of antimicrobials. The discovery of small molecule efflux system blockers has been an active and rapidly expanding research discipline. A major theme in this platform involves efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) from natural sources. The discovery methodologies and the available number of natural EPI-chemotypes are increasing. Advances in our understanding of microbial physiology have shed light on a series of pathways and phenotypes where the role of efflux systems is pivotal. Complementing existing antimicrobial discovery platforms such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) with efflux inhibition is a subject under investigation. This core information is a stepping stone in the challenge of highlighting an effective drug development path for EPIs since the puzzle of clinical implementation remains unsolved. This review summarizes advances in the path of EPI discovery, discusses potential avenues of EPI implementation and development, and underlines the need for highly informative and comprehensive translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kourtesi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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46
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Recent Advances in Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Efflux Pump Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Bacteria S. aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2013; 2:28-45. [PMID: 27029290 PMCID: PMC4790296 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics2010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper focuses on recent achievements in the search for new chemical compounds able to inhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms in Gram-positive pathogens. An analysis of the results of the search for new efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) for Gram-positive bacteria, which have been performed over the last decade, indicates that almost all efforts are focused on the NorA (MFS) efflux pump in S. aureus. Considering the chemical structures of the NorA EPIs that have been identified, it can be observed that the most active agents belong to the families of compounds possessing conjugated double bonds, e.g., chalcones, piperine-like compounds, N-cinnamoylphenalkylamides or citral amide derivatives. Indole-, dihydronaphthyl-, 2-chloro-5-bromo-phenyl- or piperidine moieties seem to be profitable for the EPI properties, as well. These results, together with an increasing knowledge about a variety of efflux pumps that are involved in MDR of Gram-positive pathogens underline that further search for new EPIs should pay more attention to develop MDR efflux protein targets, including SMR, MATE, ABC or other members of the MFS family.
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Cunha D, Gaudin C, Colinet I, Horcajada P, Maurin G, Serre C. Rationalization of the entrapping of bioactive molecules into a series of functionalized porous zirconium terephthalate MOFs. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1101-1108. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Sirci F, Istyastono EP, Vischer HF, Kooistra AJ, Nijmeijer S, Kuijer M, Wijtmans M, Mannhold R, Leurs R, de Esch IJP, de Graaf C. Virtual Fragment Screening: Discovery of Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands Using Ligand-Based and Protein-Based Molecular Fingerprints. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:3308-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ci3004094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sirci
- Laboratory for Chemometrics
and Chemoinformatics, Chemistry Department, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 10, I-06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Enade P. Istyastono
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular Modeling Division, Pharmaceutical
Technology Laboratory, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. Kooistra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martien Kuijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raimund Mannhold
- Department of Laser Medicine,
Molecular Drug Research Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines
and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Sirci F, Goracci L, Rodríguez D, van Muijlwijk-Koezen J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Mannhold R. Ligand-, structure- and pharmacophore-based molecular fingerprints: a case study on adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor antagonists. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1247-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Cross S, Baroni M, Goracci L, Cruciani G. GRID-Based Three-Dimensional Pharmacophores I: FLAPpharm, a Novel Approach for Pharmacophore Elucidation. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:2587-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ci300153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cross
- Molecular Discovery Limited, 215 Marsh Road, Pinner, Middlesex, London HA5
5NE, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Molecular Discovery Limited, 215 Marsh Road, Pinner, Middlesex, London HA5
5NE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goracci
- Laboratory
for Chemometrics and Cheminformatics, Chemistry Department, University of Perugia, Via Elce di sotto 10, I-06123
Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Laboratory
for Chemometrics and Cheminformatics, Chemistry Department, University of Perugia, Via Elce di sotto 10, I-06123
Perugia, Italy
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