1
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Albertini C, Petralla S, Massenzio F, Monti B, Rizzardi N, Bergamini C, Uliassi E, Borges F, Chavarria D, Fricker G, Goettert M, Kronenberger T, Gehringer M, Laufer S, Bolognesi ML. Targeting Lewy body dementia with neflamapimod-rasagiline hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300525. [PMID: 38412454 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lewy body dementia (LBD) represents the second most common neurodegenerative dementia but is a quite underexplored therapeutic area. Nepflamapimod (1) is a brain-penetrant selective inhibitor of the alpha isoform of the mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (MAPK) p38α, recently repurposed for LBD due to its remarkable antineuroinflammatory properties. Neuroprotective propargylamines are another class of molecules with a therapeutical potential against LBD. Herein, we sought to combine the antineuroinflammatory core of 1 and the neuroprotective propargylamine moiety into a single molecule. Particularly, we inserted a propargylamine moiety in position 4 of the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring of 1, generating neflamapimod-propargylamine hybrids 3 and 4. These hybrids were evaluated using several cell models, aiming to recapitulate the complexity of LBD pathology through different molecular mechanisms. The N-methyl-N-propargyl derivative 4 showed a nanomolar p38α-MAPK inhibitory activity (IC50 = 98.7 nM), which is only 2.6-fold lower compared to that of the parent compound 1, while displaying no hepato- and neurotoxicity up to 25 μM concentration. It also retained a similar immunomodulatory profile against the N9 microglial cell line. Gratifyingly, at 5 μM concentration, 4 demonstrated a neuroprotective effect against dexamethasone-induced reactive oxygen species production in neuronal cells that was higher than that of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcia Goettert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria L Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Nué-Martinez JJ, Cisneros D, Moreno-Blázquez MD, Fonseca-Berzal C, Manzano JI, Kraeutler D, Ungogo MA, Aloraini MA, Elati HAA, Ibáñez-Escribano A, Lagartera L, Herraiz T, Gamarro F, de Koning HP, Gómez-Barrio A, Dardonville C. Synthesis and Biophysical and Biological Studies of N-Phenylbenzamide Derivatives Targeting Kinetoplastid Parasites. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13452-13480. [PMID: 37729094 PMCID: PMC10578353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The AT-rich mitochondrial DNA (kDNA) of trypanosomatid parasites is a target of DNA minor groove binders. We report the synthesis, antiprotozoal screening, and SAR studies of three series of analogues of the known antiprotozoal kDNA binder 2-((4-(4-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)amino)benzamido)phenyl)amino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium (1a). Bis(2-aminoimidazolines) (1) and bis(2-aminobenzimidazoles) (2) showed micromolar range activity against Trypanosoma brucei, whereas bisarylimidamides (3) were submicromolar inhibitors of T. brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania donovani. None of the compounds showed relevant activity against the urogenital, nonkinetoplastid parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. We show that series 1 and 3 bind strongly and selectively to the minor groove of AT DNA, whereas series 2 also binds by intercalation. The measured pKa indicated different ionization states at pH 7.4, which correlated with the DNA binding affinities (ΔTm) for series 2 and 3. Compound 3a, which was active and selective against the three parasites and displayed adequate metabolic stability, is a fine candidate for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jonathan Nué-Martinez
- Instituto
de Química Médica, IQM−CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- PhD
Programme in Medicinal Chemistry, Doctoral School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cisneros
- Instituto
de Química Médica, IQM−CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- PhD
Programme in Medicinal Chemistry, Doctoral School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Departamento
de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Manzano
- Instituto
de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Löpez Neyra”,
IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnolögico
de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Damien Kraeutler
- Instituto
de Química Médica, IQM−CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzuq A. Ungogo
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Maha A. Aloraini
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Hamza A. A. Elati
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Departamento
de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lagartera
- Instituto
de Química Médica, IQM−CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Herraiz
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN−CSIC, José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad
Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto
de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Löpez Neyra”,
IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnolögico
de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- Institute
of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary
and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, U.K.
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Departamento
de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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The role of imidazole and benzimidazole heterocycles in Chagas disease: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112692. [PMID: 32818869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The haemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), a potentially life-threatening disease. Little by little, remarkable progress has been achieved against CD, although it is still not enough. In the absence of effective chemotherapy, many research groups, organizations and pharmaceutical companies have focused their efforts on the search for compounds that could become viable drugs against CD. Within the wide variety of reported derivatives, this review summarizes and provides a global vision of the situation of those compounds that include broadly studied heterocycles in their structures due to their applications in medicinal chemistry: imidazole and benzimidazole rings. Therefore, the intention of this work is to present a compilation, as much as possible, of all the reported information, regarding these imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives against T. cruzi, as a starting point for future researchers in this field.
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4
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Yang J, Cao C, Luo D, Lan S, Luo M, Shan H, Ma X, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhong X, Li R. Discovery of 4-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-(((4-methoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenoxy)-N-phenylaniline as a novel c-myc inhibitor against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112336. [PMID: 32387836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogene c-Myc plays an essential role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), since downregulation of c-Myc inhibits intestinal polyposis, which is the most cardinal pathological change in the development of CRC. Herein, a series of novel phenoxy-N-phenylaniline derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxicity activities of all the derivatives were measured by MTT assay in different colon cancer cells, 4-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-(((4-methoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenoxy)-N-phenylaniline (42) was discovered, the lead compound 42 with excellent cytotoxicity activity of IC50 = 0.32 μM, IC50 = 0.51 μM, in HT29 and HCT 15 cells, respectively. Compound 42 had a good inhibitory activity of c-Myc/MAX dimerization and DNA binding. Besides, compound 42 could effectively induce apoptosis and induced G2/M arrest in low concentration and G0/G1 arrest in high concentration to prevent the proliferation and differentiation in colon cancer cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the 42 strongly down-regulated expression of c-Myc. Furthermore, during 30 days treatment 42 exhibited excellent efficacy in HT29 tumor xenograft model without causing significant weight loss and toxicity. Consequently, 42 could be a promising drug candidate for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chaoguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Suke Lan
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huifang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Su Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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5
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Jiang H, Tang X, Liu S, Wang L, Shen H, Yang J, Wang H, Gui QW. Ultrasound accelerated synthesis of O-alkylated hydroximides under solvent- and metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10223-10227. [PMID: 31777898 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel, sustainable, environmentally friendly, high substrate scope, efficient, solvent-free and metal catalyst-free method for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction between N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and benzyl/ether compounds is described. This coupling reaction proceeds through ultrasound acceleration. Compared to conventional heating conditions, the use of ultrasound techniques not only improves the reaction efficiency and enhances the reaction rate but also minimizes the side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jiang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Liu
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian Wang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haicheng Shen
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiankui Yang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Wen Gui
- College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Synthesis and Leishmanicidal Activity of Novel Urea, Thiourea, and Selenourea Derivatives of Diselenides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02200-18. [PMID: 30782984 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02200-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of thirty-one N-substituted urea, thiourea, and selenourea derivatives containing diphenyldiselenide entities were synthesized, fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods, and screened for their in vitro leishmanicidal activities. The cytotoxic activity of these derivatives was tested against Leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes, and selectivity was assessed in human THP-1 cells. Thirteen of the synthesized compounds showed a significant antileishmanial activity, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values lower than that for the reference drug miltefosine (EC50, 2.84 μM). In addition, the derivatives 9, 11, 42, and 47, with EC50 between 1.1 and 1.95 μM, also displayed excellent selectivity (selectivity index ranged from 12.4 to 22.7) and were tested against infected macrophages. Compound 11, a derivative with a cyclohexyl chain, exhibited the highest activity against intracellular amastigotes, with EC50 values similar to those observed for the standard drug edelfosine. Structure-activity relationship analyses revealed that N-aliphatic substitution in urea and selenourea is recommended for the leishmanicidal activity of these analogs. Preliminary studies of the mechanism of action for the hit compounds was carried out by measuring their ability to inhibit trypanothione reductase. Even though the obtained results suggest that this enzyme is not the target for most of these derivatives, their activity comparable to that of the standards and lack of toxicity in THP-1 cells highlight the potential of these compounds to be optimized for leishmaniasis treatment.
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7
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Tang L, Yang Z, Sun T, Zhang D, Ma X, Rao W, Zhou Y. Unexpected Decarboxylation-Triggered o
-Hydroxyl-Controlled Redox Condensation of Phenylglycines with 2-Nitrophenols in Aqueous Media. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the Sourth of Henan; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiantao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
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8
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Syroeshkin MA, Krylov IB, Hughes AM, Alabugin IV, Nasybullina DV, Sharipov MY, Gultyai VP, Terent'ev AO. Electrochemical behavior of N
-oxyphthalimides: Cascades initiating self-sustaining catalytic reductive N
―O
bond cleavage. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Audrey M. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Darya V. Nasybullina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Yu. Sharipov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P. Gultyai
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russian Federation
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9
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Guo Z, Jin C, Zhou J, Su W. Copper(ii)-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide with alkanes and ethers via unactivated C(sp3)–H activation at room temperature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This reaction system shows mild condition and broad substrate scope for generation of O-substituted N-hydroxyphthalimide derivatives via unactivated C(sp3)–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Can Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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10
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11
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Lowering the pKa of a bisimidazoline lead with halogen atoms results in improved activity and selectivity against Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:806-17. [PMID: 26231081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl-based bis(2-iminoimidazolidines) are promising antiprotozoal agents that are curative in mouse models of stage 1 trypanosomiasis but devoid of activity in the late-stage disease, possibly due to poor brain penetration caused by their dicationic nature. We present here a strategy consisting in reducing the pKa of the basic 2-iminoimidazolidine groups though the introduction of chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl and pyridyl ring in the structure of the trypanocidal lead 4-(imidazolidin-2-ylideneamino)-N-(4-(imidazolidin-2-ylideneamino)phenyl)benzamide (1). The new compounds showed reduced pKa values (in the range 1-3 pKa units) for the imidazolidine group linked to the substituted phenyl ring. In vitro activities (EC50) against wild type and resistant strains of T. b. brucei (s427 and B48, respectively) were in the submicromolar range with four compounds being more active and selective than 1 (SI > 340). In particular, the two most potent compounds (3b and 5a) acted approximately 6-times faster than 1 to kill trypanosomes in vitro. No cross-resistance with the diamidine and melaminophenyl class of trypanocides was observed indicating that these compounds represent interesting leads for further in vivo studies.
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12
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Luo X, Pan J, Wang L, Wang P, Zhang M, Liu M, Dong Z, Meng Q, Tao X, Zhao X, Zhong J, Ju W, Gu Y, Jenkins EC, Brown WT, Shi Q, Zhong N. Epigenetic regulation of lncRNA connects ubiquitin-proteasome system with infection-inflammation in preterm births and preterm premature rupture of membranes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:35. [PMID: 25884766 PMCID: PMC4335366 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is responsible for one third of all preterm births (PTBs). We have recently demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in human placentas derived from PPROM, PTB, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), and full-term birth (FTB), and determined the major biological pathways involved in PPROM. METHODS Here, we further investigated the relationship of lncRNAs, which are differentially expressed in spontaneous PTB (sPTB) and PPROM placentas and are found to overlap a coding locus, with the differential expression of transcribed mRNAs at the same locus. Ten lncRNAs (five up-regulated and five down-regulated) and the lncRNA-associated 10 mRNAs (six up- and four down-regulated), which were identified by microarray in comparing PPROM vs. sPTB, were then validated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS A total of 62 (38 up- and 24 down-regulated) and 1,923 (790 up- and 1,133 down-regulated) lncRNAs were identified from placentas of premature labor (sPTB + PPROM), as compared to those from full-term labor (FTB + PROM) and from premature rupture of membranes (PPROM + PROM), as compared to those from non-rupture of membranes (sPTB + FTB), respectively. We found that a correlation existed between differentially expressed lncRNAs and their associated mRNAs, which could be grouped into four categories based on the gene strand (sense or antisense) of lncRNA and its paired transcript. These findings suggest that lncRNA regulates mRNA transcription through differential mechanisms. Differential expression of the transcripts PPP2R5C, STAM, TACC2, EML4, PAM, PDE4B, STAM, PPP2R5C, PDE4B, and EGFR indicated a co-expression among these mRNAs, which are involved in the ubiquitine-proteasome system (UPS), in addition to signaling transduction and beta adrenergic signaling, suggesting that imbalanced regulation of UPS may present an additional mechanism underlying the premature rupture of membrane in PPROM. CONCLUSION Differentially expressed lncRNAs that were identified from the human placentas of sPTB and PPROM may regulate their associated mRNAs through differential mechanisms and connect the ubiquitin-proteasome system with infection-inflammation pathways. Although the detailed mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate their associated mRNAs in sPTB and PPROM are yet to be clarified, our findings open a new approach to explore the pathogenesis of sPTB and PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Luo
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Pan
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Leilei Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peirong Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Meijiao Zhang
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meilin Liu
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Meng
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuguang Tao
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinliang Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Julia Zhong
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Hunter College High School, New York, USA.
| | - Weina Ju
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - Yang Gu
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Edmund C Jenkins
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - W Ted Brown
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - Qingxi Shi
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- Center of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Children's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. .,New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA. .,Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Beijing, China. .,Children's Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. .,Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China. .,March of Dimes Global Network of Maternal and Infant Health, March of Dimes Foundation, White Plains, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
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13
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Ríos Martínez CH, Lagartera L, Trujillo C, Dardonville C. Bisimidazoline arylamides binding to the DNA minor groove: N1-hydroxylation enhances binding affinity and selectivity to AATT sites. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective binding of N-hydroxy bisimidazolines to dsDNA GCAATTGC is derived from a tighter fit to this narrower minor groove.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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14
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Nagle A, Khare S, Kumar AB, Supek F, Buchynskyy A, Mathison CJN, Chennamaneni N, Pendem N, Buckner FS, Gelb M, Molteni V. Recent developments in drug discovery for leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11305-47. [PMID: 25365529 PMCID: PMC4633805 DOI: 10.1021/cr500365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait
S. Nagle
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shilpi Khare
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Arun Babu Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frantisek Supek
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andriy Buchynskyy
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Casey J. N. Mathison
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Naveen
Kumar Chennamaneni
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nagendar Pendem
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frederick S. Buckner
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael
H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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15
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A new nonpolar N-hydroxy imidazoline lead compound with improved activity in a murine model of late-stage Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection is not cross-resistant with diamidines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:890-904. [PMID: 25421467 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03958-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of late-stage sleeping sickness requires drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the parasites located in the brain. We report here the synthesis and evaluation of four new N-hydroxy and 12 new N-alkoxy derivatives of bisimidazoline leads as potential agents for the treatment of late-stage sleeping sickness. These compounds, which have reduced basicity compared to the parent leads (i.e., are less ionized at physiological pH), were evaluated in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and in vivo in murine models of first- and second-stage sleeping sickness. Resistance profile, physicochemical parameters, in vitro BBB permeability, and microsomal stability also were determined. The N-hydroxy imidazoline analogues were the most effective in vivo, with 4-((1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)-N-(4-((1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide (14d) showing 100% cures in the first-stage disease, while 15d, 16d, and 17d appeared to slightly improve survival. In addition, 14d showed weak activity in the chronic model of central nervous system infection in mice. No evidence of reduction of this compound with hepatic microsomes and mitochondria was found in vitro, suggesting that N-hydroxy imidazolines are metabolically stable and have intrinsic activity against T. brucei. In contrast to its unsubstituted parent compound, the uptake of 14d in T. brucei was independent of known drug transporters (i.e., T. brucei AT1/P2 and HAPT), indicating a lower predisposition to cross-resistance with other diamidines and arsenical drugs. Hence, the N-hydroxy bisimidazolines (14d in particular) represent a new class of promising antitrypanosomal agents.
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16
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Rani R, Granchi C. Bioactive heterocycles containing endocyclic N-hydroxy groups. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:505-24. [PMID: 25466924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-likeness rules consider N-O single bonds as "structural alerts" which should not be present in a perspective drug candidate. In most cases this concern is correct, since it is known that N-hydroxy metabolites of branded drugs produce reactive species that cause serious side effects. However, this dangerous reactivity of the N-OH species generally takes place when the nitrogen atom is not comprised in a cyclic moiety. In fact, the same type of metabolic behavior should not be expected when the nitrogen atom is included in the ring of an aromatic heterocyclic scaffold. Nevertheless, heterocycles bearing endocyclic N-hydroxy portions have so far been poorly studied as chemical classes that may provide new therapeutic agents. This review provides an overview of N-OH-containing heterocycles with reported bioactivities that may be considered as therapeutically relevant and, therefore, may extend the chemical space available for the future development of novel pharmaceuticals. A systematic treatment of the various chemical classes belonging to this particular family of molecules is described along with a discussion of the biological activities associated to the most important examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Acosta-Reyes FJ, Dardonville C, de Koning HP, Natto M, Subirana JA, Campos JL. In and out of the minor groove: interaction of an AT-rich DNA with the drug CD27. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:1614-21. [PMID: 24914972 PMCID: PMC4051503 DOI: 10.1107/s139900471400697x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New features of an antiprotozoal DNA minor-groove binding drug, which acts as a cross-linking agent, are presented. It also fills the minor groove of DNA completely and prevents the access of proteins. These features are also expected for other minor-groove binding drugs when associated with suitable DNA targets. The DNA of several pathogens is very rich in AT base pairs. Typical examples include the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the causative agents of trichomoniasis and trypanosomiases. This fact has prompted studies of drugs which interact with the minor groove of DNA, some of which are used in medical practice. Previous studies have been performed almost exclusively with the AATT sequence. New features should be uncovered through the study of different DNA sequences. In this paper, the crystal structure of the complex of the DNA duplex d(AAAATTTT)2 with the dicationic drug 4,4′-bis(imidazolinylamino)diphenylamine (CD27) is presented. The drug binds to the minor groove of DNA as expected, but it shows two new features that have not previously been described: (i) the drugs protrude from the DNA and interact with neighbouring molecules, so that they may act as cross-linking agents, and (ii) the drugs completely cover the whole minor groove of DNA and displace bound water. Thus, they may prevent the access to DNA of proteins such as AT-hook proteins. These features are also expected for other minor-groove binding drugs when associated with all-AT DNA. These findings allow a better understanding of this family of compounds and will help in the development of new, more effective drugs. New data on the biological interaction of CD27 with the causative agent of trichomoniasis, Trichomonas vaginalis, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Acosta-Reyes
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Manal Natto
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Juan A Subirana
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lourdes Campos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Terent'ev AO, Krylov IB, Timofeev VP, Starikova ZA, Merkulova VM, Ilovaisky AI, Nikishin GI. Oxidative CO Cross-Coupling of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and Their Heteroanalogues withN-Substituted Hydroxamic Acids andN-Hydroxyimides. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Martínez CHR, Dardonville C. Rapid Determination of Ionization Constants (pK a) by UV Spectroscopy Using 96-Well Microtiter Plates. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:142-5. [PMID: 24900577 DOI: 10.1021/ml300326v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a methodology that enables for the rapid measurement of ionization constants (pK a) of series of compounds by UV spectrophotometry. This protocol, which is straightforward to set up, takes advantage of the sensitivity of UV spectroscopy and the throughput enabled by the 96-well microplate (as opposed to the use of 1 cm quartz cuvette). The compounds, in stock solutions in DMSO, are dissolved in several aqueous buffer solutions directly in the microtiter plate, allowing the simultaneous determination of the UV spectra as a function of pH. Further treatment of the data provides the pK a values in a medium-throughput manner. The pK a values of 11 new antitrypanosomal dibasic compounds were determined using this methodology.
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20
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Koperniku A, Papanastasiou I, Foscolos GB, Tsotinis A, Taylor MC, Kelly JM. Synthesis and trypanocidal action of new adamantane substituted imidazolines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Terent'ev AO, Krylov IB, Sharipov MY, Kazanskaya ZM, Nikishin GI. Generation and cross-coupling of benzyl and phthalimide-N-oxyl radicals in a cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate/N-hydroxyphthalimide/ArCH2R system. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Malakoutikhah M, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Schleuservermittelter Transport von Wirkstoffen ins Gehirn. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Malakoutikhah M, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Shuttle-Mediated Drug Delivery to the Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7998-8014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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