1
|
Dong Q, Xie H, Liu J, Su J, An Y, Shi F, Lin F, Liu J. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg 2 amino acid derivatives for anti hemorrhagic shock: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115939. [PMID: 38198887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to screen a novel Rg2 derivative for anti hemorrhagic shock. Eight Rg2 amino acid ester derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their effects on hypoxia and shock were studied. Among them, the derivative 1 (D1) exhibited excellent anti hypoxia by promoting survival rate of H9c2 cells damaged by hypoxia. D1 improved physiological indicators of the rats in hemorrhagic shock, such as blood pressure, heart rate, lactate, acid-base balance, and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory damage. Its latent mechanisms were explored by a method of plasma metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MS. As a result, a total of 16 biomarkers were identified involving 6 metabolic pathways. The results of this study contained that the derivative 1 could be considered as potent drug candidates for anti shock and deserved further research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hongliu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jun Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Basic Medicine Department, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, PR China
| | - Yang An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Fei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Fang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jihua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vicente MDGH, Smith KM. Amino Acid Derivatives of Chlorin-e 6-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083479. [PMID: 37110713 PMCID: PMC10146174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Details of the structural elucidation of the clinically useful photodynamic therapy sensitizer NPe6 (15) are presented. NPe6, also designated as Laserphyrin, Talaporfin, and LS-11, is a second-generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll-a, currently used in Japan for the treatment of human lung, esophageal, and brain cancers. After the initial misidentification of the structure of this chlorin-e6 aspartic acid conjugate as (13), NMR and other synthetic procedures described herein arrived at the correct structure (15), confirmed using single crystal X-ray crystallography. Interesting new features of chlorin-e6 chemistry (including the intramolecular formation of an anhydride (24)) are reported, allowing chemists to regioselectively conjugate amino acids to each available carboxylic acid on positions 131 (formic), 152 (acetic), and 173 (propionic) of chlorin e6 (14). Cellular investigations of several amino acid conjugates of chlorin-e6 revealed that the 131-aspartylchlorin-e6 derivative is more phototoxic than its 152- and 173-regioisomers, in part due to its nearly linear molecular conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dissecting the Interactions between Chlorin e6 and Human Serum Albumin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052348. [PMID: 36903592 PMCID: PMC10005744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is among the most used sensitizers in photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapy; its low solubility in water, however, hampers its clinical exploitation. Ce6 has a strong tendency to aggregate in physiological environments, reducing its performance as a photo/sono-sensitizer, as well as yielding poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The interaction of Ce6 with human serum albumin (HSA) (i) governs its biodistribution and (ii) can be used to improve its water solubility by encapsulation. Here, using ensemble docking and microsecond molecular dynamics simulations, we identified the two Ce6 binding pockets in HSA, i.e., the Sudlow I site and the heme binding pocket, providing an atomistic description of the binding. Comparing the photophysical and photosensitizing properties of Ce6@HSA with respect to the same properties regarding the free Ce6, it was observed that (i) a red-shift occurred in both the absorption and emission spectra, (ii) a maintaining of the fluorescence quantum yield and an increase of the excited state lifetime was detected, and (iii) a switch from the type II to the type I mechanism in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upon irradiation, took place.
Collapse
|
4
|
Conjugates of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles as Potential Anticancer Target-Oriented Photosensitizers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:10. [PMID: 36826755 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive treatment of tumors using photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species, which can destroy cellular structures. With the development of photodynamic therapy, significant efforts have been made to create new efficient photosensitizers with improved delivery to cells, stability, and selectivity against cancer tissues. Naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, such as porphyrins and chlorins, are very attractive as photosensitizers, and their structural modification and conjugation with other biologically active molecules are promising approaches for creating new photosensitizers specifically targeting cancer cells. The present review aims to highlight recent developments in the design, preparation, and investigation of complex conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, which can potentially be used as sensitizers for target-oriented photodynamic therapy of cancer. In this review, we discuss the structure, photodynamic effect, and anticancer activity of the following conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles: (1) conjugates obtained by modifying peripheral substituents in porphyrins and chlorins; (2) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with lipids, carbohydrates, steroids, and peptides; (3) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with anticancer drugs and some other biologically active molecules; (4) metal-containing conjugates. The question of how the conjugate structure affects its specificity, internalization, localization, and photoinduced toxicity within cancer cells is the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pandurang TP, Kumar B, Verma N, Dastidar DG, Yamada R, Nishihara T, Tanabe K, Kumar D. Synthesis of Red-Light-Responsive Pheophorbide-a Tryptamine Conjugated Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200405. [PMID: 36317820 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Six methyl pheophorbide-a derivatives were prepared by linking a tryptamine side chain at the C-131 , C-152 and C-173 positions of pheophorbide-a. Prepared conjugates were characterized and evaluated for their photocytotoxicity against A549 cells. The conjugate 6 a with strong absorption at 413 nm (Soret band), 663-671 nm (Q bands) and comparable fluorescence quantum yield (0.26) was found to exhibit significant cytotoxicity (659 nM). Molecular integration of pheophorbide-a and tryptamines showed synergistic effects as the most potent conjugate 6 a was identified with enhanced photocytotoxicity when compared to methyl pheophorbide-a. The conjugate 6 a was smoothly taken up by A549 cells and exhibited intracellular localization predominantly to lysosome in the cytoplasm. Upon photoirradiation 6 a generated singlet oxygen to show potent cytotoxicity toward A549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taur Prakash Pandurang
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bintu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Narshimha Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Risa Yamada
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishihara
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang F, Han G, Zhang X, Li Y, Miao Z, Yao J. Novel pyropheophorbide a dimers: Synthesis and photobiological evaluation as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Chen Z, Feng T, jinchao S, Karges J, Jin C, Zhao Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Mitochondria-Localized Iridium(III)-Chlorin E6 Conjugate for Synergistic Sonodynamic and Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy Against Melanoma. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While melanoma in its early stages can be successfully treated, the prognosis strongly worsens with an increasing depth of the tumor. Capitalizing on this, there is an urgent need for...
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Terazono Y, Fefer M, Liu J, Gale CB, Brook MA. A simple route to photodynamic chlorin e6 amide derivatives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Amide derivatives of the porphyrin Ce6 have demonstrated efficacy for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or inactivation of microorganisms. Traditional methods for their synthesis involve carbodiimide coupling agents for direct coupling or, as a more attractive option, to make key mono- and dianhydrides that are then able to react with a variety of nucleophiles. We report a process to efficiently create a Ce6 dianhydride by the simple expedient usage of acetic anhydride as both dehydrating agent and reagent. The dianhydride reacts to give mixtures of mono- and di-amide derivatives. While these are difficult to separate from each other, this route avoids the more difficult challenge of removing unreacted Ce6 from reaction mixtures. The process further avoids the need to separate undesired by-products arising from carbodiimides and provides additional benefits, as it was optimized for use with the greener solvent Cyrene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Yuichi Terazono
- Suncor AgroScience, 2489 North Sheridan Way, Mississauga ON, Canada L5K 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael Fefer
- Suncor AgroScience, 2489 North Sheridan Way, Mississauga ON, Canada L5K 1A8, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Suncor AgroScience, 2489 North Sheridan Way, Mississauga ON, Canada L5K 1A8, Canada
| | - Cody B. Gale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Michael A. Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang G, Wang M, Collins BR, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Synthesis and cellular properties of a 131substituted chlorin e6-nevirapine conjugate. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chlorin e6-nevirapine conjugate is reported, in which the nevirapine moiety is attached to the 131-position of chlorin e6 via a diethylene glycol linker. This conjugate was found to be nontoxic in the dark (IC[Formula: see text] > 200 [Formula: see text]M), but highly phototoxic (IC[Formula: see text] = 0.21 [Formula: see text]M at 1.5 J/cm[Formula: see text] toward human HEp2 cells. The chlorin e6-nevirapine conjugate accumulated within cells in multiple organelles, including the Golgi, lysosomes and mitochondria. On the other hand, nevirapine was found to be nontoxic to HEp2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maodie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Brittany R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang XJ, Liu MH, Luo YS, Han GY, Ma ZQ, Huang F, Wang Y, Miao ZY, Zhang WN, Sheng CQ, Yao JZ. Novel dual-mode antitumor chlorin-based derivatives as potent photosensitizers and histone deacetylase inhibitors for photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113363. [PMID: 33744687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy is a prospective strategy to improve antitumor efficacy. Herein, a series of novel cytotoxic chlorin-based derivatives as dual photosensitizers (PSs) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) were synthesized and investigated for biological activity. Among them, compound 15e showed definite HDAC2 and 10 inhibitory activities by up-regulating expression of acetyl-H4 and highest phototoxicity and dark-toxicity, which was more phototoxic than Talaporfin as a PS while with stronger dark-toxicity compared to vorinostat (SAHA) as a HDACI. The biological assays demonstrated that 15e was liable to enter A549 cells and localized in mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) etc. multiple organelles, resulting in higher cell apoptosis rate and ROS production compared to Talaporfin. Moreover, it could induce tumor cell autophagy as a dual PS and HDACI. All results suggested that compound 15e could be applied as a potential dual cytotoxic drug for PDT and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ming-Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yu-Sha Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gui-Yan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wan-Nian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chun-Quan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Narumi A, Rachi R, Yamazaki H, Kawaguchi S, Kikuchi M, Konno H, Osaki T, Okamoto Y, Shen X, Kakuchi T, Kataoka H, Nomoto A, Yoshimura T, Yano S. Maltotriose-Chlorin e6 Conjugate Linked via Tetraethyleneglycol as an Advanced Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Synthesis and Antitumor Activities against Canine and Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7023-7033. [PMID: 33748616 PMCID: PMC7970547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugated chlorins represent a promising class of compounds that meet the requirements for the third-generation photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). We have focused on the use of glucose (Glc) to improve the performance of the PS based on the Warburg effect-a phenomenon where tumors consume higher Glc levels than normal cells. However, as a matter of fact, Glc-conjugation has a poor efficacy in hydrophilic modification; thus, the resultant PS is not suitable for intravenous injection. In this study, a Glc-based oligosaccharide, such as maltotriose (Mal3), is conjugated to chlorin e6 (Ce6). The conjugation is assisted by two additional molecular tools, such as propargyl amine and a tetraethylene glycol (TEG) derivative. This route produced the target Mal3-Ce6 conjugate linked via the TEG spacer (Mal3-TEG-Ce6), which shows the required photoabsorption properties in the physiological media. The PDT test using canine mammary carcinoma (SNP) cells suggested that the antitumor activity of Mal3-TEG-Ce6 is extremely high. Furthermore, in vitro tests against mouse mammary carcinoma (EMT6) cells have been demonstrated, providing insights into the photocytotoxicity, subcellular localization, and analysis of cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for the PDT system with Mal3-TEG-Ce6. Both apoptosis and necrosis of the EMT6 cells occur by ROS that is generated via the photochemical reaction between Mal3-TEG-Ce6 and molecular oxygen. Consequently, Mal3-TEG-Ce6 is shown to be a PS showing the currently desired properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Narumi
- Graduate
School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata
University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Rioko Rachi
- Graduate
School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata
University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Graduate
School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata
University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Seigou Kawaguchi
- Graduate
School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata
University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Moriya Kikuchi
- Faculty
of Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata
University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Joint
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Joint
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Xiande Shen
- Research
Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Research
Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department
of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya
City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshimura
- KYOUSEI
Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara
Women’s University, Kitauoyahigashi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yano
- KYOUSEI
Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara
Women’s University, Kitauoyahigashi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tulaeva LA, Pushkareva EI, Tolstikova OV, Belykh DV. Exo ring opening in methyl pheophorbide a 132-amide derivatives under the action of amines. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Cheruku RR, Cacaccio J, Durrani FA, Tabaczynski WA, Watson R, Siters K, Missert JR, Tracy EC, Guru K, Koya RC, Kalinski P, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Synthesis, Tumor Specificity, and Photosensitizing Efficacy of Erlotinib-Conjugated Chlorins and Bacteriochlorins: Identification of a Highly Effective Candidate for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:741-767. [PMID: 33400524 PMCID: PMC9125565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib was covalently linked to 3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and structurally related chlorins and bacteriochlorins at different positions of the tetrapyrrole ring. The functional consequence of each modification was determined by quantifying the uptake and subcellular deposition of the erlotinib conjugates, cellular response to therapeutic light treatment in tissue cultures, and in eliminating of corresponding tumors grown as a xenograft in SCID mice. The experimental human cancer models the established cell lines UMUC3 (bladder), FaDu (hypopharynx), and primary cultures of head and neck tumor cells. The effectiveness of the compounds was compared to that of HPPH. Furthermore, specific functional contribution of the carboxylic acid side group at position 172 and the chiral methyl group at 3(1') to the overall activity of the chimeric compounds was assessed. Among the conjugates investigated, the PS 10 was identified as the most effective candidate for achieving tumor cell-specific accumulation and yielding improved long-term tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra R. Cheruku
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Joseph Cacaccio
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Farukh A. Durrani
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Walter A. Tabaczynski
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ramona Watson
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Kevin Siters
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14223
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Erin C. Tracy
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dong Y, Li G, Wang L, Cao L, Li Y, Zhao W. Anti-tumor evaluation of a novel methoxyphenyl substituted chlorin photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 211:112015. [PMID: 32927294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and innovative therapeutic approach which has been increasingly applied in clinical cancer therapy. As the central element of PDT, the development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) with longer absorption wavelength, proper lipophilic/hydrophilic profiles, target tissue selectivity, and higher photo-/lowest dark-cytotoxicity is a challenging task. Previously, we designed and synthesized a series of novel long-wavelength chlorin e6 (Ce6)-based PSs via introducing aromatic groups to the vinyl of Ce6 skeleton. The new formed compounds with π-extension system exhibited improved photodynamic effects and spectral characteristics. Among these π-conjugated chlorin PSs, (E)-32-(4-methoxyphenyl)-chlorin e6, named A15, was expected to be a potent antitumor candidate as a PDT agent due to its good photobiological properties. Herein, in this work, we evaluated the effectiveness of A15 in cancer PDT. In vitro, a novel rare earth probe, ATTA-Eu3+ was applied to detect the singlet oxygen (1O2) production of A15 in solution and human hepatoma HepG2 cells, respectively. Moreover, A15 exhibited strong phototoxicity and weak dark cytotoxity to HepG2 cells. In H22 tumor bearing mice, A15 showed excellent tumor accumulation ability via i.v. administration and induced tumor regression, followed by laser treatment. These results indicated that A15 is a potential novel π-extension chlorin-type PS for PDT applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo X, Wang S, Zhang F, Li G, Li Y, Zhao W. Derivatization of chlorin e6 with maleimide enhances its photodynamic efficacy in HepG2 cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three derivatives of chlorin e6 (1–3) were synthesized by introduction of maleimide, cysteine and glutathione at C-13 carboxyl of the chlorin scaffold. The evaluation of their PDT effects showed that compound 1, the derivative with a maleimide group, exhibited more potent photocytotoxicity against HepG2 cells (IC[Formula: see text] 3.2 [Formula: see text]M) than 2 (IC[Formula: see text] 6.7 [Formula: see text]M) and 3 (IC[Formula: see text] 10.2 [Formula: see text]M), although the cellular uptake of 1 was slightly lower than that of 2 and 3. The high PDT effect of 1 was found to be in agreement with the high level of intracellular singlet oxygen. Further investigation of the mechanism revealed that 1 can significantly lower the GSH level in HepG2 cells due to the addiction reaction of maleimide and GSH, thus resulting in the reduction of ROS scavenging and the enhancement of cellular oxidative stress. This approach to improve PDT effects of photosensitizers by means of interfering with the cellular redox system and enhancing cellular oxidative stress offers a new strategy for development of photosensitizers in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical Universty, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yueqing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang XJ, Han GY, Guo CY, Ma ZQ, Lin MY, Wang Y, Miao ZY, Zhang WN, Sheng CQ, Yao JZ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3 1-hexyloxy chlorin e 6-based 15 2- or 13 1-amino acid derivatives as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112715. [PMID: 32846322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the biological effectiveness and pharmacokinetic properties of chlorin e6, a second-generation photosensitizer (PS), for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, the novel 31-hexyloxy chlorin e6-based 152- or 131-amino acid derivatives 3a, 3b, 3c and 8 were synthesized and their photophysical properties and in vitro bioactivities such as phototoxicity against A549, HeLa and melanoma B16-F10 cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subcellular localization were evaluated. In addition, preferred target compounds were also investigated for their in vivo pharmacokinetic in SD rats and in vivo antitumor efficacies in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma B16-F10 cells. Apparently, simultaneous introduction of amino acid residue and n-hexyloxy chain in chlorin e6 made a significant improvement in photophysical properties, ROS production, in vitro and in vivo PDT efficacy. Encouragingly, all target compounds showed higher in vitro phototoxicity than Talaporfin, and that 3c (152-Lys) exhibited strongest phototoxicity and highest dark toxicity/phototoxicity ratio, followed by 8 (131-Asp), 3a (152-Asp) and 3b (152-Glu). Moreover, in vivo PDT antitumor efficacy of 3a, 3c and 8 was all better than that of Talaporfin, and that both 3c and 8 had stronger PDT antitumor efficiency than 3a. The overall results suggested that these novel 31-hexyloxy chlorin e6-based 152- or 131-amino acid derivatives, especially 3c and 8, might be potential antitumor candidate drugs for clinical treatment of melanoma by PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gui-Yan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chang-Yong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mei-Yu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wan-Nian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chun-Quan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang G, Gao M, Sun Y, Wang C, Fang X, Gao H, Diao W, Yu H. Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 3-amino acid derivatives of ocotillol-type sapogenins. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112507. [PMID: 32650181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocotillol-type sapogenins (OTS) are major ginsenoside metabolites in human hepatic tissue. In order to better utilize OTS and derivatives thereof as anti-inflammatory compounds, present study produced multiple novel 3-amino acid OTS derivatives and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of these compounds was used for OTS structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluations, revealing that both R/S stereochemistry at C-24 and the amino acid type at C-3 influence such NO inhibitory activity. This activity was highest for an N-Boc-protected neutral aliphatic amino acid derivative of 24R-OTS (5a), which performed better than even hydrocortisone sodium succinate in vitro. Compound 5a was also able to markedly suppress the LPS-induced upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 via the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This suggests that OTS derivatives may be valuable anti-inflammatory compounds worthy of further preclinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yixiao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wenshuang Diao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Belykh DV. C–O, C–S, C–N, and C–C Bond Formation at the Periphery of the Macrocycle during Chemical Modification of Phytochlorins: Key Methods and Synthetic Applications. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Mironov AF. Chemical Transformations of Chlorophyll a and Possible Areas for Application of Its Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219090354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Gao YH, Lovreković V, Kussayeva A, Chen DY, Margetić D, Chen ZL. The photodynamic activities of dimethyl 13 1-[2-(guanidinyl)ethylamino] chlorin e 6 photosensitizers in A549 tumor. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:144-152. [PMID: 31132530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective photosensitizers are particularly important factor in clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, there is a scarcity of photosensitizers for simultaneous cancer photo-diagnosis and targeted PDT. Herein, two novel dimethyl 2-(guanidinyl)ethylamino chlorin e6 photosensitizers were synthesized and their efficacy in PDT in A549 tumor was investigated. It was shown that compounds 3 and 4 have a long absorption wavelength in the near infrared region and strong fluorescence emission with slow photo-bleaching rate and markedly strong ability of 1O2 generation. They exhibited lower cytotoxicity and higher photo-cytotoxicity in vitro compared to the known anticancer drug m-THPC in MTT assay in A549 lung cancer cell lines. Compound 4 exhibit better inhibition effect than compound 3 and the IC50 value of compound 4 was 0.197 μM/L under 2 J/cm2 laser irradiation, while compound 3 showed better anti-tumor effects compared to compound 4 in vivo. Intracellular ROS generation was found to be responsible for apoptotic cell death in DCFDA assay. Subcellular localization confirmed the damage site of compounds 3 and 4 in PDT. These findings suggest that the two novel photosensitizers might serve as potential photosensitizers for improved therapeutic efficiency of PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Vanda Lovreković
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Croatia
| | - Akmaral Kussayeva
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Croatia
| | - Dan-Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Davor Margetić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang R, Li Y, Zhou M, Wang C, Feng P, Miao W, Huang H. Photodynamic Chitosan Nano-Assembly as a Potent Alternative Candidate for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26711-26721. [PMID: 31287648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The fact that increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria and a lack of new potent broad-spectrum antibiotics call for the development of alternative approaches for treating infectious diseases. With the merits of great efficacy, safety, and facile implementation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) represents an attractive modality for this purpose. Here, we report that the newly fabricated photodynamic chitosan nano-assembly, designated CS-Ce6, could synergistically kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria with superior potency to vancomycin. CS-Ce6 nano-assembly, obtained from covalent conjugate of chlorin e6 (Ce6) with chitosan, exhibited strong association with bacteria, thus altering their morphologies and mediating great delivery efficiency of Ce6. Upon light irradiation, localized generation of singlet oxygen by CS-Ce6 nano-assembly has a remarkable bactericidal effect toward both drug-resistance Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii, which was greater than that the free Ce6 and antibiotics had. We also confirmed that APDT-treated MRSA neither developed resistance to APDT nor altered their resistance to methicillin. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that the CS-Ce6 nano-assembly had comparable therapeutic efficacy with vancomycin in MRSA-infected mice. These results suggest that APDT by photodynamic chitosan nano-assembly hold great potential in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and hopefully in reducing the need of antibiotics in the future.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou C, Xie X, Yang H, Zhang S, Li Y, Kuang C, Fu S, Cui L, Liang M, Gao C, Yang Y, Gao C, Yang C. Novel Class of Ultrasound-Triggerable Drug Delivery Systems for the Improved Treatment of Tumors. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2956-2965. [PMID: 31084010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaopei Zhou
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater of the PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154003, China
| | - Yinke Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater of the PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changchun Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater of the PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiyao Fu
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Cui
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Suvorov NV, Cheskov DA, Mironov AF, Grin MA. Inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction as a novel method for functionalization of natural chlorins. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
24
|
Nagano Y, Ogasawara S, Tamiaki H. Regioisomeric synthesis of chlorin-e6 dimethyl esters and their optical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorin-[Formula: see text] dimethyl esters possessing a single carboxy group at the 13-, 151-, or 172-position were prepared by chemically modifying chlorophyll-[Formula: see text]. These three synthetic regioisomers were fully characterized by their mass, NMR, and visible absorption spectra. Their molecular structures were unambiguously identified by the specific 1H–[Formula: see text]C correlation at the 13-, 15-, and/or 17-substituents in their respective HMBC spectra. Methyl esterification of 13/151-COOH and hydrolysis of 13/151-COOMe affected small shifts of the Qy absorption and fluorescence emission maxima in a diluted CH2Cl2 solution, while no substitution effect of 172-COOH/Me was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Nagano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Synthesis and photocytotoxic activity of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-h][1,6]naphthyridines and [1,3]oxazolo[5,4-h][1,6]naphthyridines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:176-193. [PMID: 30445266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-h][1,6]naphthyridines and [1,3]oxazolo[5,4-h][1,6]naphthyridines were synthesized with the aim to investigate their photocytotoxic activity. Upon irradiation, oxazolo-naphtapyridines induced light-dependent cell death at nanomolar/low micromolar concentrations (EC50 0.01-6.59 μM). The most photocytotoxic derivative showed very high selectivity and photocytotoxicity indexes (SI = 72-86, PTI>5000), along with a triplet excited state with exceptionally long lifetime (18.0 μs) and high molar absorptivity (29781 ± 180 M-1cm-1 at λmax 315 nm). The light-induced production of ROS promptly induced an unquenchable apoptotic process selectively in tumor cells, with mitochondrial and lysosomal involvement. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the most active compound acts as a promising singlet oxygen sensitizer for biological applications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Suvorov NV, Machulkin AE, Ivanova AV, Popkov AM, Bondareva EA, Plotnikova EA, Yakubovskaya RI, Majouga AG, Mironov AF, Grin MA. Synthesis of PSMA-targeted 131- and 152-substituted chlorin e6 derivatives and their biological properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an extremely common cancer among older men. Conventional chemotherapy has proven to be not effective enough in battling it due to its high systemic toxicity and low selectivity. An alternative method of cancer treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be effective. It is not without its faults either: one of the issues it’s been known to have is the insufficient selectivity of photosensitizer accumulation in tumor tissues. Recent studies, however, seem to indicate that introducing a PSMA-targeted moiety into photosensitizer might prove to be a solution to this problem. The present paper is concerned with synthesis of PSMA-targeted 131- and 152-substituted chlorin e6 conjugates and their biological characteristics. Our data suggests that the developed conjugates show potential as targeted agents for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Suvorov
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 86, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey E. Machulkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskie Gori, Building 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V. Ivanova
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 86, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M. Popkov
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 86, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta A. Bondareva
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 86, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Plotnikova
- P. A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, 3, 2th Botkinsky Driveway, Moscow, 125284, Russian Federation
| | - Raisa I. Yakubovskaya
- P. A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, 3, 2th Botkinsky Driveway, Moscow, 125284, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9, Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskie Gori, Building 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey F. Mironov
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 86, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Grin
- MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 86, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu W, Wang LX, Chen DY, Gao YH, Yan YJ, Wu XF, Wang M, Han YP, Chen ZL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 173-dicarboxylethyl-pyropheophorbide-a amide derivatives for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2784-2788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
28
|
Jalde SS, Chauhan AK, Lee JH, Chaturvedi PK, Park JS, Kim YW. Synthesis of novel Chlorin e6-curcumin conjugates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against pancreatic carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:66-76. [PMID: 29421571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (cur) has been comprehensively studied for its various biological properties, more precisely for its antitumor potential and it has shown the promising results as well. On the other hand, Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has mostly been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against a variety of carcinomas. In the present study, we have synthesized a series of Chlorin e6-curcumin (Ce6-cur) conjugates and investigated their photosensitizing potential against pancreatic cancer cell lines. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. These Ce6-cur conjugates showed better physicochemical properties and higher singlet oxygen generation capability. The cellular uptake was studied in AsPC-1 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Compound 17 was rapidly internalized within 30 min and sustained for 24 h. Compound 17 showed excellent PDT efficacy with IC50 of 40, 35 and 41 nM against AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 respectively with exceptional dark/phototoxicity ratio in the range of 2371-7500. Moreover, the treatment of compound 17 upregulated the expression of BAX, Cytochrome-C and cleaved caspase 9 while downregulating the Bcl-2 expression an anti-apoptotic protein marker. These results demonstrate outstanding capability of compound 17 as a potent photosensitizer which could improve the PDT efficacy in pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar S Jalde
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Vermathen M. How Does the Encapsulation of Porphyrinic Photosensitizers into Polymer Matrices Affect Their Self-Association and Dynamic Properties? Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1089-1102. [PMID: 29384257 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with porphyrinic photosensitizers largely relies on efficient drug formulations to prevent porphyrin aggregation and to enhance water solubility and stability in physiologic environments. In this study, we compare two polymeric carrier systems, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and block copolymer micelles (BCMs) formed by the poloxamer Kolliphor P188 (KP), for their encapsulation efficiencies of porphyrin (xPP) and chlorin e6 (xCE) derivatives. Monomerization, loading efficiency, and dynamic properties were examined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy chemical shift titration, DOSY, and T2 relaxation time measurements. Binding affinity was determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Both PVP and KP-BCMs were well suited to disaggregate and encapsulate amphiphilic xCE, whereas they were less efficient for the xPP compounds. PVP exhibited higher monomerization efficiency than KP-BCMs. Significant differences were found in the dynamic behavior of the carriers. PVP formed rather stable complexes with the porphyrinic compounds, whereas a dynamic equilibrium between free and bound porphyrins was found to exist in the presence of KP-BCMs. This may have a considerable impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of the corresponding delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilche Gjuroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Almeida-Marrero V, van de Winckel E, Anaya-Plaza E, Torres T, de la Escosura A. Porphyrinoid biohybrid materials as an emerging toolbox for biomedical light management. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7369-7400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the most important developing strategies in light-induced nanomedicine, based on the combination of porphyrinoid photosensitizers with a wide variety of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Anaya-Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guo X, Wang L, Wang S, Li Y, Cao L, Cai R, Zhao W. Synergistic antiproliferative effect of chemo-phototherapy: Synthesis and photodynamic activity evaluation of novel Chlorin e6-artesunate conjugates as antiproliferative agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4548-4551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
32
|
Yaghini E, Dondi R, Tewari KM, Loizidou M, Eggleston IM, MacRobert AJ. Endolysosomal targeting of a clinical chlorin photosensitiser for light-triggered delivery of nano-sized medicines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6059. [PMID: 28729656 PMCID: PMC5519633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem with many promising nano-sized biotherapeutics including macromolecules is that owing to their size they are subject to cellular uptake via endocytosis, and become entrapped and then degraded within endolysosomes, which can significantly impair their therapeutic efficacy. Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a technique for inducing cytosolic release of the entrapped agents that harnesses sub-lethal photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a photosensitiser that localises in endolysosomal membranes. Using light to trigger reactive oxygen species-mediated rupture of the photosensitised endolysosomal membranes, the spatio-temporal selectivity of PCI then enables cytosolic release of the agents at the selected time after administration so that they can reach their intracellular targets. However, conventional photosensitisers used clinically for PDT are ineffective for photochemical internalisation owing to their sub-optimal intracellular localisation. In this work we demonstrate that such a photosensitiser, chlorin e6, can be repurposed for PCI by conjugating the chlorin to a cell penetrating peptide, using bioorthogonal ligation chemistry. The peptide conjugation enables targeting of endosomal membranes so that light-triggered cytosolic release of an entrapped nano-sized cytotoxin can be achieved with consequent improvement in cytotoxicity. The photoproperties of the chlorin moiety are also conserved, with comparable singlet oxygen quantum yields found to the free chlorin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Ruggero Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kunal M Tewari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK
| | - Ian M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen H, Humble SW, Waruna Jinadasa RG, Zhou Z, Nguyen AL, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Syntheses and PDT activity of new mono- and di-conjugated derivatives of chlorin e 6. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017; 21:354-363. [PMID: 29056848 PMCID: PMC5646832 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of three new chlorin e6 conjugates for PDT of tumors are reported. One of the new compounds 17 is conjugated with lysine at the 131-position, but the others are mono-conjugated 14 or diconjugated 15 with the non-amino acid species ethanolamine. Cellular experiments with the three new compounds and previously synthesized non-amino acid 152-conjugates (7-10), 131-monoconjugates 14, 16, and a 131,152-diconjugate 12 are reported. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments show that the 131-conjugates are more toxic than the 152-conjugates, and the most toxic derivative (dark- and photo-toxicity) is the 131-ethylenediamine conjugate 11. The most useful PDT photosentitizers appear to be the ethanolamine derivatives, conjugated at the 152- and the 131,152-positions; these show high phototoxicity but relatively low dark toxicity compared with 11, and also the highest dark/photo cytotoxicity ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Stewart W. Humble
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - R. G. Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Alex L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - Kevin M. Smith
- Correspondence to: Kevin M. Smith, , tel: +1 225-578-7442, fax: +1 225-578-3458
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheng J, Li W, Tan G, Wang Z, Li S, Jin Y. Synthesis and in vitro photodynamic therapy of chlorin derivative 131-ortho-trifluoromethyl-phenylhydrazone modified pyropheophorbide-a. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:263-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
35
|
Staegemann MH, Gitter B, Dernedde J, Kuehne C, Haag R, Wiehe A. Mannose-Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Loaded with Zinc Porphyrin: Investigation of the Multivalency Effect in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2017; 23:3918-3930. [PMID: 28029199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial photodynamic activity of hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) loaded with zinc porphyrin photosensitizers and mannose units was investigated. hPG, with a MW of 19.5 kDa, was functionalized with about 15 molecules of the photosensitizer {5,10,15-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)-20-[4-(prop-2-yn-1-ylamino)tetrafluorophenyl]porphyrinato}-zinc(II) by using copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC). These nanoparticle conjugates were functionalized systematically with increasing loadings of mannose in the range of approximately 20 to 110 groups. With higher mannose loadings (ca. 58-110 groups) the water-insoluble zinc porphyrin photosensitizer could thus be transferred into a water-soluble form. Targeting of the conjugates was proven in binding studies to the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A (Con A) by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The antibacterial phototoxicity of the conjugates on Staphylococcus aureus (as a typical Gram-positive germ) was investigated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It was shown that conjugates with approximately 70-110 mannose units exhibit significant antibacterial activity, whereas conjugates with approximately 20-60 units did not induce bacterial killing at all. These results give an insight into the multivalency effect in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). On addition of serum to the bacterial cultures, a quenching of this antibacterial phototoxicity was observed. In fluorescence studies with the conjugates in the presence of increasing bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations, protein-conjugate associations could be identified as a plausible cause for this quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Staegemann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Gitter
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kuehne
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ghogare AA, Greer A. Synthesis of a poly(ethylene glycol) galloyl sensitizer tip for an 'all-in-one' photodynamic device. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1326-1336. [PMID: 27041367 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a specialized silica tip for an optical fiber device capable of delivering all components necessary for photodynamic therapy. Oxygen, light and a cleavable tripolyethylene glycol (PEG)-galloyl pheophorbide sensitizer are simultaneously delivered by the silica tip, where the tip was synthesized in six steps. A comparison of synthetic steps to reach PEGylated sensitizers bound to fluorinated silica and a previously reported Teflon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite ( Ghosh, G. et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 4155- 4164) was made. The hydrolytic stability of the attached PEGs and the extent to which the PEG groups enhance solubility will also be discussed. The new triPEG-galloyl sensitizer has the potential for use in intraoperative pointsource photodynamic therapy which aims for precision treatment of residual disease. Schematic of the synthesis of a photoactive silica surface. It is composed of fluorinated silica connected to a photo-releasable sensitizer with short-chain PEGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meng Z, Yu B, Han G, Liu M, Shan B, Dong G, Miao Z, Jia N, Tan Z, Li B, Zhang W, Zhu H, Sheng C, Yao J. Chlorin p6-Based Water-Soluble Amino Acid Derivatives as Potent Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4999-5010. [PMID: 27136389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel photosensitizer with high phototoxicity, low dark toxicity, and good water solubility is a challenging task for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A series of chlorin p6-based water-soluble amino acid conjugates were synthesized and investigated for antitumor activity. Among them, aspartylchlorin p6 dimethylester (7b) showed highest phototoxicity against melanoma cells with weakest dark toxicity, which was more phototoxic than verteporfin while with less dark toxicity. It also exhibited better in vivo PDT antitumor efficacy on mice bearing B16-F10 tumor than verteporfin. The biological assays revealed that 7b was localized in multiple subcellular organelles and could cause both cell necrosis and apoptosis after PDT in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in more effective cell destruction. As a result, 7b represents a promising photosensitizer for PDT applications because of its strong absorption in the phototherapeutic window, relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield, highest dark toxicity/phototoxicity ratio, good water solubility, and excellent in vivo PDT antitumor efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University , 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guiyan Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ningyang Jia
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University , 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zou Tan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University , 32 Shangshan Road, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University , 32 Shangshan Road, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University , 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li W, Tan G, Cheng J, Zhao L, Wang Z, Jin Y. A Novel Photosensitizer 3¹,13¹-phenylhydrazine -Mppa (BPHM) and Its in Vitro Photodynamic Therapy against HeLa Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050558. [PMID: 27136527 PMCID: PMC6273471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted widespread attention due to its potential in the treatment of various cancers. Porphyrinic pyropheophorbide-a (PPa) has been shown to be a potent photosensitizer in PDT experiments. In this paper, a C-31,131 bisphenylhydrazone modified methyl pyropheophorbide-a (BPHM) was designed and synthesized with the consideration that phenylhydrazone structure may extend absorption wavelength of methyl pyro-pheophorbide-a (Mppa), and make the photosensitizer potential in deep tumor treatment. The synthesis, spectral properties and in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) against human HeLa cervical cancer cell line was studied. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed the title compound could achieve strong inhibition of cervical cancer cell viability under visible light (675 nm, 25 J/cm2). Cell uptake experiments were performed on HeLa cells. Morphological changes were examined and analyzed by fluorescent inverted microscope. In addition, the mechanism of the photochemical processes of PDT was investigated, which showed that the formation of singlet oxygen after treatment with PDT played a moderate important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Guanghui Tan
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Lishuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Yingxue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jinadasa RGW, Zhou Z, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Syntheses and cellular investigations of di-aspartate and aspartate-lysine chlorin e(6) conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1049-64. [PMID: 26633562 PMCID: PMC4701634 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6 is a tricarboxylic acid degradation product of chlorophyll a. Four chlorin e6 bis(amino acid) conjugates were regioselectively synthesized bearing two aspartate conjugates in the 13(1),17(3)- and 15(2),17(3)-positions, or at the 13(1),15(2)via an ethylene diamine linker. One additional conjugate bearing two different amino acids, lysine at 13(1)via an ethylene diamine linker and an aspartate at 15(2)via a β-alanine linker was also synthesized. The cytotoxicity and uptake of four di(amino acid) chlorin e6 conjugates were investigated in human HEp2 cells, and compared with chlorin e6. The most cytotoxic and most taken up conjugates were the zwitterionic 13(1),15(2)-disubstituted conjugates 28 and 33; these also localized in multiple organelles. In contrast, the anionic 13(1),17(3)- and 15(2),17(3)-di-aspartyl chlorin e6 conjugates 12 and 13 showed low dark cytoxicity and lower phototoxicity compared with chlorin e6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo X, Wang L, Wang S, Li Y, Zhang F, Song B, Zhao W. Syntheses of new chlorin derivatives containing maleimide functional group and their photodynamic activity evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4078-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Hädener M, Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Vermathen M. Interactions of Polyvinylpyrrolidone with Chlorin e6-Based Photosensitizers Studied by NMR and Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12117-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hädener
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilche Gjuroski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen H, Waruna Jinadasa RG, Jiao L, Fronczek FR, Nguyen AL, Smith KM. Chlorin e 6 13 1:15 2-Anhydride: A Key Intermediate in Conjugation Reactions of Chlorin e 6. European J Org Chem 2015; 2015:3661-3665. [PMID: 26257578 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the patent for the photodynamic therapy agent Talaporfin (mono-L-aspartylchlorin e6) was issued in 1987, confusion has existed regarding which of the three carboxylic acid groups in the chlorophyll degradation product, chlorin e6 (1), is modified in standard amino acid type conjugations (using DCC or EDC and an organic base) with amino acids and other biomolecules. Here it is shown that the site of conjugation is the central 152-carboxylic acid, such reactions proceeding in numerous examples via a 131,152-anhydride for which a high resolution X-ray structure is reported. Conjugation with eight oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles, in every case, afforded the 152-conjugate, reinforcing the earlier conclusion that Talaporfin is the 152-aspartyl conjugate of chlorin e6 and suggesting that reports of 173-conjugation of chlorin e6 using stoichiometric peptide coupling procedures should be subjected to further scrutiny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - R G Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Alex L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yoon I, Kim DK, Yin JG, Wang JJ, Shim YK. Synthesis, optical properties and preliminary in vitro photodynamic effect of pyridyl and quinoxalyl substituted chlorins. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1684-90. [PMID: 25797162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of chlorophyll a-based chlorins conjugated with pyridyl or quinoxalyl group at different positions were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their photodynamic effect in vitro. It was found that all the pyridyl and quinoxalyl chlorins showed promising photocytotoxicities but nontoxic without irradiation in HeLa cells, and the substituted types and positions had a significant influence on the photocytotoxicities of the chlorophyll a-based chlorins. All the chlorins with a pyridyl group at the C-D ring end exhibited relatively high photocytotoxicity as compared to those with 3(2)-pyridyl. Among them, compound 12 conjugated with a pyridyl group at its C12 position showed the best photodynamic effect in HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 0.033μM. These facts, associated with the relative high long wavelength absorptions of those chlorins may provide valuable ways to design and prepare promising photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Il Yoon
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano System Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyoo Kim
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Young Key Shim
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano System Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghosh G, Minnis M, Ghogare AA, Abramova I, Cengel KA, Busch TM, Greer A. Photoactive fluoropolymer surfaces that release sensitizer drug molecules. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4155-64. [PMID: 25686407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a physical-organic study of two fluoropolymers bearing a photoreleasable PEGylated photosensitizer that generates (1)O2((1)Δg) [chlorin e6 methoxy tri(ethylene glycol) triester]. The surfaces are Teflon/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite and fluorinated silica. The relative efficiency of these surfaces to photorelease the PEGylated sensitizer [shown previously to be phototoxic to ovarian cancer cells (Kimani, S. et al. J. Org. Chem 2012, 77, 10638)] was slightly higher for the nanocomposite. In the presence of red light and O2, (1)O2 is formed, which cleaves an ethene linkage to liberate the sensitizer in 68-92% yield. The fluoropolymers were designed to deal with multiple problems. Namely, their success relied not only on high O2 solubility and drug repellency but also on the C-F bonds, which physically quench little (1)O2, for singlet oxygen's productive use away from the surface. The results obtained here indicate that Teflon-like surfaces have potential uses in delivering sensitizer and singlet oxygen for applications in tissue repair and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, Brooklyn College, City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li J, Liu Y, Xu XS, Li YL, Zhang SG, Yoon I, Shim YK, Wang JJ, Yin JG. Highly efficient synthesis of novel methyl 132-methylene mesopyropheophorbide a and its stereoselective Michael addition reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1992-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
pH-Dependent regioselective condensation of methyl mesopyropheophorbide a with HCHO is studied and stereoselective Michael reaction of the 132-methylene product is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Xi-Sen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Yan-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Shan-Guo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Il Yoon
- PDT Research Institute
- School of Nano System Engineering
- Inje University
- Gimhae
- Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- PDT Research Institute
- School of Nano System Engineering
- Inje University
- Gimhae
- Korea
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Jun-Gang Yin
- College of Life Sciences
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang A, Li Y, Zhou L, Yuan L, Lu S, Lin Y, Zhou J, Wei S. Charge dependent photodynamic activity of alanine based zinc phthalocyanines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Ponomarev GV, Solovieva MN, Dugin NO, Zavialova MG, Mehtiev AR, Misharin AY, Novikov RA, Tkachev YV, Popenko VI, Timofeev VP. Lipophilic derivatives of natural chlorins: Synthesis, mixed micelles with phospholipids, and uptake by cultured cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Aravindu K, Mass O, Vairaprakash P, Springer JW, Yang E, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Amphiphilic chlorins and bacteriochlorins in micellar environments. Molecular design, de novo synthesis, and photophysical properties. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
49
|
Huo J, LÜ M, Wang Z, Li Y. Synthesis of 2(5H)-Furanone Derivatives with Bis-1,2,3-triazole Structure. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|