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Ali J, Choe K, Park JS, Park HY, Kang H, Park TJ, Kim MO. The Interplay of Protein Aggregation, Genetics, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Role for Natural Antioxidants and Immunotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:862. [PMID: 39061930 PMCID: PMC11274292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that comprises amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) as a main component of neuritic plaques. Its deposition is considered a trigger for AD pathogenesis, progression, and the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment. Some distinct pathological features of AD include phosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathological consequences tend to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the dysregulation of various signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The relationship between the Aβ cascade and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis is like a "chicken and egg" story, with the etiology of the disease regarding these two factors remaining a question of "which comes first." However, in this review, we have tried our best to clarify the interconnection between these two mechanisms and to show the precise cause-and-effect relationship. Based on the above hallmarks of AD, several therapeutic strategies using natural antioxidants, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are employed as anti-Aβ therapy to decrease ROS, Aβ burden, chronic neuroinflammation, and synaptic failure. These natural antioxidants and immunotherapeutics have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects and symptomatic relief in various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in clinical trials for AD. However, none of them have received final approval to enter the drug market for mitigating AD. In this review, we extensively elaborate on the pitfalls, assurances, and important crosstalk between oxidative stress and Aβ concerning current anti-Aβ therapy. Additionally, we discuss future strategies for the development of more Aβ-targeted approaches and the optimization of AD treatment and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heeyoung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (J.A.); (K.C.); (J.S.P.)
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Quang De T, Nguyen CQ, Le Dang Q, Nguyen Thi NY, Trong Tuan N, Hoon Suh D, Chu J, Bepary S, Lee GH, Kang NS, Cho H, Park WK, Lim HJ. Rational design of novel diaryl ether-linked benzimidazole derivatives as potent and selective BACE1 inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 698:149538. [PMID: 38271836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the large size and high flexibility of the catalytic active site of BACE1 enzyme, the development of nonpeptide inhibitors with optimal pharmacological properties is still highly demanding. In this work, we have discovered 2-aminobenzimidazole-containg ether scaffolds having potent and selective inhibitory potentials against BACE1 enzyme. We have synthesized novel 29 compounds and optimization of aryl linker region resulted in highly potent BACE1 inhibitory activities with EC50 values of 0.05-2.71 μM. The aryloxy-phenyl analogs 20j showed the EC50 value as low as 0.07 μM in the enzyme assay, whereas, the benzyloxyphenyl dervative 24b was comparatively less effective in the enzyme assay. But interestingly the latter was more effective in the cell assay (EC50 value 1.2 μM). While comparing synthesized derivatives in the cell assay using PC12-APPSW cell, compound 27f appeared as the most potent BACE1 inhibitor having EC50 value 0.7 μM. This scaffold also showed high selectivity over BACE2 enzyme and cathepsin D. Furthermore, the research findings were bolstered through the incorporation of molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT studies. We firmly believe that these discoveries will pave the way for the development of a novel class of small-molecule selective BACE1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang De
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
| | - Cuong Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam; Analytical Techniques Lab (1.16-ATL), CTU High-tech Building, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10072, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10072, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Trong Tuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Chu
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Sukumar Bepary
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Ge Hyeong Lee
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Woo Kyu Park
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Lim
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea.
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Mackiewicz J, Lisek M, Boczek T. Targeting CaN/NFAT in Alzheimer's brain degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281882. [PMID: 38077352 PMCID: PMC10701682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive functions. While the exact causes of this debilitating disorder remain elusive, numerous investigations have characterized its two core pathologies: the presence of β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Additionally, multiple studies of postmortem brain tissue, as well as results from AD preclinical models, have consistently demonstrated the presence of a sustained inflammatory response. As the persistent immune response is associated with neurodegeneration, it became clear that it may also exacerbate other AD pathologies, providing a link between the initial deposition of β-amyloid plaques and the later development of neurofibrillary tangles. Initially discovered in T cells, the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is one of the main transcription factors driving the expression of inflammatory genes and thus regulating immune responses. NFAT-dependent production of inflammatory mediators is controlled by Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), which dephosphorylates NFAT and promotes its transcriptional activity. A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated that aberrant CaN/NFAT signaling is linked to several pathologies observed in AD, including neuronal apoptosis, synaptic deficits, and glia activation. In view of this, the role of NFAT isoforms in AD has been linked to disease progression at different stages, some of which are paralleled to diminished cognitive status. The use of classical inhibitors of CaN/NFAT signaling, such as tacrolimus or cyclosporine, or adeno-associated viruses to specifically inhibit astrocytic NFAT activation, has alleviated some symptoms of AD by diminishing β-amyloid neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. In this article, we discuss the recent findings related to the contribution of CaN/NFAT signaling to the progression of AD and highlight the possible benefits of targeting this pathway in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kashyap K, Panigrahi L, Ahmed S, Siddiqi MI. Artificial neural network models driven novel virtual screening workflow for the identification and biological evaluation of BACE1 inhibitors. Mol Inform 2023; 42:e2200113. [PMID: 36460626 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid-β precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a transmembrane aspartic protease and has shown potential as a possible therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. This aggravating disease involves the aberrant production of β amyloid plaques by BACE1 which catalyzes the rate-limiting step by cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP), generating the neurotoxic amyloid β protein that aggregates to form plaques leading to neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is indispensable to inhibit BACE1, thus modulating the APP processing. In this study, we present a workflow that utilizes a multi-stage virtual screening protocol for identifying potential BACE1 inhibitors by employing multiple artificial neural network-based models. Collectively, all the hyperparameter tuned models were assigned a task to virtually screen Maybridge library, thus yielding a consensus of 41 hits. The majority of these hits exhibited optimal pharmacokinetic properties confirmed by high central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS-MPO) scores. Further shortlisting of 8 compounds by molecular docking into the active site of BACE1 and their subsequent in-vitro evaluation identified 4 compounds as potent BACE1 inhibitors with IC50 values falling in the range 0.028-0.052 μM and can be further optimized with medicinal chemistry efforts to improve their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Kashyap
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lalita Panigrahi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Monteiro KLC, Dos Santos Alcântara MG, Freire NML, Brandão EM, do Nascimento VL, Dos Santos Viana LM, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. BACE-1 Inhibitors Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:131-148. [PMID: 37309767 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230612155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main event related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Over the years, several disease-modulating approaches have been reported, but without clinical success. The amyloid cascade hypothesis evolved and proposed essential targets such as tau protein aggregation and modulation of β-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 - BACE-1) and γ-secretase proteases. BACE-1 cuts the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the C99 fragment, giving rise to several Aβ peptide species during the subsequent γ-secretase cleavage. In this way, BACE-1 has emerged as a clinically validated and attractive target in medicinal chemistry, as it plays a crucial role in the rate of Aβ generation. In this review, we report the main results of candidates in clinical trials such as E2609, MK8931, and AZD-3293, in addition to highlighting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic-related effects of the inhibitors already reported. The current status of developing new peptidomimetic, non-peptidomimetic, naturally occurring, and other class inhibitors are demonstrated, considering their main limitations and lessons learned. The goal is to provide a broad and complete approach to the subject, exploring new chemical classes and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcone Gomes Dos Santos Alcântara
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Monteiro Lins Freire
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esaú Marques Brandão
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lima do Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Líbni Maísa Dos Santos Viana
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Patel S, Bansoad AV, Singh R, Khatik GL. BACE1: A Key Regulator in Alzheimer's Disease Progression and Current Development of its Inhibitors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1174-1193. [PMID: 34852746 PMCID: PMC9886827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no specific disease-modifying treatment. β-secretase (BACE1) is considered the potential and rationale target because it is involved in the rate-limiting step, which produces toxic Aβ42 peptides that leads to deposits in the form of amyloid plaques extracellularly, resulting in AD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to discuss the role and implications of BACE1 and its inhibitors in the management of AD. METHODS We have searched and collected the relevant quality work from PubMed using the following keywords "BACE1", BACE2", "inhibitors", and "Alzheimer's disease". In addition, we included the work which discusses the role of BACE1 in AD and the recent work on its inhibitors. RESULTS In this review, we have discussed the importance of BACE1 in regulating AD progression and the current development of BACE1 inhibitors. However, the development of a BACE1 inhibitor is very challenging due to the large active site of BACE1. Nevertheless, some of the BACE1 inhibitors have managed to enter advanced phases of clinical trials, such as MK-8931 (Verubecestat), E2609 (Elenbecestat), AZD3293 (Lanabecestat), and JNJ-54861911 (Atabecestat). This review also sheds light on the prospect of BACE1 inhibitors as the most effective therapeutic approach in delaying or preventing AD progression. CONCLUSION BACE1 is involved in the progression of AD. The current ongoing or failed clinical trials may help understand the role of BACE1 inhibition in regulating the Aβ load and cognitive status of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Vardhaman Bansoad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), 226002, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), 226002, India
| | - Gopal L. Khatik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002; E-mail: ,
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Ugbaja S, Lawal I, Kumalo H, Lawal M. Alzheimer's Disease and β-Secretase Inhibition: An Update With a Focus on Computer-Aided Inhibitor Design. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:266-285. [PMID: 34370634 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210809100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intensifying neurodegenerative illness due to its irreversible nature. Identification of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1) has been a significant medicinal focus towards AD treatment, and this has opened ground for several investigations. Despite the numerous works in this direction, no BACE1 inhibitor has made it to the final approval stage as an anti-AD drug. METHOD We provide an introductory background of the subject with a general overview of the pathogenesis of AD. The review features BACE1 inhibitor design and development with a focus on some clinical trials and discontinued drugs. Using the topical keywords BACE1, inhibitor design, and computational/theoretical study in the Web of Science and Scopus database, we retrieved over 49 relevant articles. The search years are from 2010 and 2020, with analysis conducted from May 2020 to March 2021. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Researchers have employed computational methodologies to unravel potential BACE1 inhibitors with a significant outcome. The most used computer-aided approach in BACE1 inhibitor design and binding/interaction studies are pharmacophore development, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These methods, plus more advanced ones including quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM, have proven substantial in the computational framework for BACE1 inhibitor design. Computational chemists have embraced the incorporation of in vitro assay to provide insight into the inhibition performance of identified molecules with potential inhibition towards BACE1. Significant IC50 values up to 50 nM, better than clinical trial compounds, are available in the literature. CONCLUSION The continuous failure of potent BACE1 inhibitors at clinical trials is attracting many queries prompting researchers to investigate newer concepts necessary for effective inhibitor design. The considered properties for efficient BACE1 inhibitor design seem enormous and require thorough scrutiny. Lately, researchers noticed that besides appreciable binding affinity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation, BACE1 inhibitor must show low or no affinity for permeability-glycoprotein. Computational modeling methods have profound applications in drug discovery strategy. With the volume of recent in silico studies on BACE1 inhibition, the prospect of identifying potent molecules that would reach the approved level is feasible. Investigators should try pushing many of the identified BACE1 compounds with significant anti-AD properties to preclinical and clinical trial stages. We also advise computational research on allosteric inhibitor design, exosite modeling, and multisite inhibition of BACE1. These alternatives might be a solution to BACE1 drug discovery in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ugbaja
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isiaka Lawal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, 1900, Vanderbijlpark, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hezekiel Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monsurat Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Saudi Arabia
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El-Awady R, Saleh E, Hamoudi R, Ramadan WS, Mazitschek R, Nael MA, Elokely KM, Abou-Gharbia M, Childers WE, Srinivasulu V, Aloum L, Menon V, Al-Tel TH. Discovery of novel class of histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 42:116251. [PMID: 34116381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is an important strategy in the field of anticancer drug discovery. However, lack of inhibitors that possess high selectivity toward certain HDACs isozymes is associated with adverse side effects that limits their clinical applications. We have initiated a collaborative initiatives between multi-institutions aimed at the discovery of novel and selective HDACs inhibitors. To this end, a phenotypic screening of an in-house pilot library of about 70 small molecules against various HDAC isozymes led to the discovery of five compounds that displayed varying degrees of HDAC isozyme selectivity. The anticancer activities of these molecules were validated using various biological assays including transcriptomic studies. Compounds 15, 14, and 19 possessed selective inhibitory activity against HDAC5, while 28 displayed selective inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2. Compound 22 was found to be a selective inhibitor for HDAC3 and HDAC9. Importantly, we discovered a none-hydroxamate based HDAC inhibitor, compound 28, representing a distinct chemical probe of HDAC inhibitors. It contains a trifluoromethyloxadiazolyl moiety (TFMO) as a non-chelating metal-binding group. The new compounds showed potent anti-proliferative activity when tested against MCF7 breast cancer cell line, as well as increased acetylation of histones and induce cells apoptosis. The new compounds apoptotic effects were validated through the upregulation of proapoptotic proteins caspases3 and 7 and downregulation of the antiapoptotic biomarkers C-MYC, BCL2, BCL3 and NFĸB genes. Furthermore, the new compounds arrested cell cycle at different phases, which was confirmed through downregulation of the CDK1, 2, 4, 6, E2F1 and RB1 proteins. Taken together, our findings provide the foundation for the development of new chemical probes as potential lead drug candidates for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ekram Saleh
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United states
| | - Manal A Nael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Institute for Computational Molecular Science, and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Khaled M Elokely
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Phialadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Wayne E Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Phialadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lujain Aloum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Varsha Menon
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Azimi S, Firuzi O, Iraji A, Zonouzi A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Mahdavi M, Edraki N. Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Activity Evaluation of Novel Imidazo [2,1-B][1,3,4] Thiadiazole as Anti-Alzheimer Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181108115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Considering that AD is multifactorial in nature, novel series of imidazo
[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole derivatives were designed to address the basic factors responsible for the
disease.
<p>
Methods: These compounds were investigated as inhibitors of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,
acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase.
<p>
Results: The BACE1 inhibitory results indicated that nitro phenyl substituted derivatives of imidazo
[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole scaffold (R2 = m-NO2) demonstrated superior BACE1 inhibitory activity
compared to other substituted moieties. In the BuChE assay, compounds 4h and 4l carrying meta
NO2 at R2 of phenyl ring turned out to be potent inhibitors.
<p>
Conclusion: In conclusion, these novel synthesized derivatives seem to be promising anti-Alzheimer
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azimi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Zonouzi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Lodochnikova OA, Akhmetshina EA, Mingaleva ER, Startseva VA, Litvinov IA, Plemenkov VV, Nikitina LE. Stable and reproducible supramolecular motif in the crystal structure of sulfonamides of the benzothiazine series fused to an epoxybornane moiety. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Boltjes A, Dömling A. The Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Reaction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (PRINT) 2019; 2019:7007-7049. [PMID: 34012704 PMCID: PMC8130801 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is a well-known scaffold in many marketed drugs, such as Zolpidem, Minodronic acid, Miroprofen and DS-1 and it also serves as a broadly applied pharmacophore in drug discovery. The scaffold revoked a wave of interest when Groebke, Blackburn and Bienaymé reported independently a new three component reaction resulting in compounds with the imidazo[1,2-a]-heterocycles as a core structure. During the course of two decades the Groebke Blackburn Bienaymé (GBB-3CR) reaction has emerged as a very important multicomponent reaction (MCR), resulting in over a hundred patents and a great number of publications in various fields of interest. Now two compounds derived from GBB-3CR chemistry received FDA approval. To celebrate the first 20 years of GBB-chemistry, we present an overview of the chemistry of the GBB-3CR, including an analysis of each of the three starting material classes, solvents and catalysts. Additionally, a list of patents and their applications and a more in-depth summary of the biological targets that were addressed, including structural biology analysis, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Boltjes
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Vanda D, Zajdel P, Soural M. Imidazopyridine-based selective and multifunctional ligands of biological targets associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Dorababu A. Critical evaluation of current Alzheimer's drug discovery (2018-19) & futuristic Alzheimer drug model approach. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103299. [PMID: 31586701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease responsible for death of millions of people worldwide is a progressive clinical disorder which causes neurons to degenerate and ultimately die. It is one of the common causes of dementia wherein a person's incapability to independently think, behave and decline in social skills can be quoted as major symptoms. However the early signs include the simple non-clinical symptoms such as forgetting recent events and conversations. Onset of these symptoms leads to worsened conditions wherein the AD patient suffers severe memory impairment and eventually becomes unable to work out everyday tasks. Even though there is no complete cure for AD, rigorous research has been going on to reduce the progress of AD. Currently, a very few clinical drugs are prevailing for AD treatment. So this is the need of hour to design, develop and discovery of novel anti-AD drugs. The main factors for the cause of AD according to scientific research reveals structural changes in brain proteins such as beta amyloid, tau proteins into plaques and tangles respectively. The abnormal proteins distort the neurons. Despite the high potencies of the synthesized molecules; they could not get on the clinical tests up to human usage. In this review article, the recent research carried out with respect to inhibition of AChE, BuChE, NO, BACE1, MAOs, Aβ, H3R, DAPK, CSF1R, 5-HT4R, PDE, σ1R and GSK-3β is compiled and organized. The summary is focused mainly on cholinesterases, Aβ, BACE1 and MAOs classes of potential inhibitors. The review also covers structure activity relationship of most potent compounds of each class of inhibitors alongside redesign and remodeling of the most significant inhibitors in order to expect cutting edge inhibitory properties towards AD. Alongside the molecular docking studies of the some final compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Li HM, Yu SP, Fan TY, Zhong Y, Gu T, Wu WY, Zhao C, Chen Z, Chen M, Li NG, Wang XL. Design, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation of BACE1 inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:206-214. [PMID: 31397505 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) plays a central role in the synthesis of the pathogenic β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), antioxidants could attenuate the AD syndrome and prevent the disease progression. In this study, BACE1 inhibitors (D1-D18) with free radical-scavenging activities were synthesized by molecular hybridization of 2-aminopyridine with natural antioxidants. The biological activity evaluation showed that D1 had obvious inhibitory activity against BACE1, and strong antioxidant activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+• ) assay, which could be used as a lead compound for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Min Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Peng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Yu Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Moussa-Pacha NM, Abdin SM, Omar HA, Alniss H, Al-Tel TH. BACE1 inhibitors: Current status and future directions in treating Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:339-384. [PMID: 31347728 DOI: 10.1002/med.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with no current cure. One of the important therapeutic approaches of AD is the inhibition of β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), which is involved in the rate-limiting step of the cleavage process of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the generation of the neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ) protein after the γ-secretase completes its function. The produced insoluble Aβ aggregates lead to plaques deposition and neurodegeneration. BACE1 is, therefore, one of the attractive targets for the treatment of AD. This approach led to the development of potent BACE1 inhibitors, many of which were advanced to late stages in clinical trials. Nonetheless, the high failure rate of lead drug candidates targeting BACE1 brought to the forefront the need for finding new targets to uncover the mystery behind AD. In this review, we aim to discuss the most promising classes of BACE1 inhibitors with a description and analysis of their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters, with more focus on the lead drug candidates that reached late stages of clinical trials, such as MK8931, AZD-3293, JNJ-54861911, E2609, and CNP520. In addition, the manuscript discusses the safety concerns and insignificant physiological effects, which were highlighted for the most successful BACE1 inhibitors. Furthermore, the review demonstrates with increasing evidence that despite tremendous efforts and promising results conceived with BACE1 inhibitors, the latest studies suggest that their clinical use for treating Alzheimer's disease should be reconsidered. Finally, the review sheds light on alternative therapeutic options for targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour M Moussa-Pacha
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shifaa M Abdin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hasan Alniss
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Synthesis and evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Alvim HGO, Correa JR, Assumpção JAF, da Silva WA, Rodrigues MO, de Macedo JL, Fioramonte M, Gozzo FC, Gatto CC, Neto BAD. Heteropolyacid-Containing Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Bridgehead Nitrogen Heterocycles: Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Staining. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4044-4053. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Julio L. de Macedo
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília (IQ-UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fioramonte
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), 13083970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), 13083970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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19
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Azimi S, Zonouzi A, Firuzi O, Iraji A, Saeedi M, Mahdavi M, Edraki N. Discovery of imidazopyridines containing isoindoline-1,3-dione framework as a new class of BACE1 inhibitors: Design, synthesis and SAR analysis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:729-737. [PMID: 28728105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by chronic neurodegeneration leading to dementia. The main cause of neurodegeneration is considered to be the accumulation of amyloid-β. Inhibiting BACE1 is a well-studied approach to lower the burden of amyloid-β aggregates. We designed a series of imidazopyridines-based compounds bearing phthalimide moieties as inhibitors of BACE1. The compounds 8a-o were synthesized by the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé three-component reaction of heteroaromatic amidines, aldehydes and isocyanides. Evaluating the BACE1 inhibitory effects of the synthesized compounds revealed that introducing an aminocyclohexyl moiety in the imidazopyridine core resulted in a significant improvement in its BACE1 inhibitory potential. In this regard, compound 8e was the most potent against BACE1 with an IC50 value of 2.84 (±0.95) μM. Molecular docking revealed that the nitrogen atom of imidazopyridines and the oxygen atom of the phenoxypropyl linker were involved in hydrogen bound interactions with Asp228 and Asp32 of BACE1 active site, respectively. The phthalimide moiety oriented toward the flap pocket and interacted with phe108, lle110, Trp115, Ile118 through van der Waal's and hydrophobic interactions. These findings demonstrate that imidazopyridines-based compounds bearing phthalimide moiety have the potential to decrease amyloid-β levels and ameliorate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azimi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Zonouzi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Tarazi H, Odeh RA, Al-Qawasmeh R, Yousef IA, Voelter W, Al-Tel TH. Design, synthesis and SAR analysis of potent BACE1 inhibitors: Possible lead drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1213-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Modulation of DNA damage response and induction of apoptosis mediates synergism between doxorubicin and a new imidazopyridine derivative in breast and lung cancer cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 37:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Conformational restriction: an effective tactic in 'follow-on'-based drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:885-901. [PMID: 24962281 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The conformational restriction (rigidification) of a flexible ligand has often been a commonly used strategy in drug design, as it can minimize the entropic loss associated with the ligand adopting a preferred conformation for binding, which leads to enhanced potency for a given physiological target, improved selectivity for isoforms and reduced the possibility of drug metabolism. Therefore, the application of conformational restriction strategy is a core aspect of drug discovery and development that is widely practiced by medicinal chemists either deliberately or subliminally. The present review will highlight current representative examples and a brief overview on the rational design of conformationally restricted agents as well as discuss its advantages over the flexible counterparts.
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23
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Delgado O, Delgado F, Vega JA, Trabanco AA. N-Bridged 5,6-bicyclic pyridines: Recent applications in central nervous system disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:719-31. [PMID: 25542766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel heterobicyclic compounds within the drug-like chemical space continues to be an area of interest in medicinal chemistry. Unsaturated N-bridgehead heterocycles are well represented in marketed drugs for a variety of therapeutic areas, and continue to play an important role in central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery programs. Examples of medicinal chemistry strategies that make use of N-bridged 5,6-bicyclic pyridines are discussed here in this Minireview, which covers the literature from 2010 up to 2014. B1-class imidazopyridines and B3-class pyrazolopyridines have proven to be at the forefront of molecular prototypes that are capable of interacting with disease relevant targets in neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Delgado
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisca Delgado
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vega
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
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24
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Dineen TA, Chen K, Cheng AC, Derakhchan K, Epstein O, Esmay J, Hickman D, Kreiman CE, Marx IE, Wahl RC, Wen PH, Weiss MM, Whittington DA, Wood S, Fremeau RT, White RD, Patel VF. Inhibitors of β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme (BACE1): Identification of (S)-7-(2-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)-3-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)ethynyl)-5′H-spiro[chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-5,4′-oxazol]-2′-amine (AMG-8718). J Med Chem 2014; 57:9811-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5012676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Dineen
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Alan C. Cheng
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Katayoun Derakhchan
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Oleg Epstein
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Joel Esmay
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Chuck E. Kreiman
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Isaac E. Marx
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert C. Wahl
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul H. Wen
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew M. Weiss
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Stephen Wood
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert T. Fremeau
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ryan D. White
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Vinod F. Patel
- Departments of Therapeutic
Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, §Molecular Structure and Characterization, ∥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, and ⊥Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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25
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Syntheses of coumarin–tacrine hybrids as dual-site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and their activity against butylcholinesterase, Aβ aggregation, and β-secretase. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4784-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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One-pot copper nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines under solvent-free conditions. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Gudipudi G, Sagurthi SR, Perugu S, Achaiah G, David Krupadanam GL. Rational design and synthesis of novel 2-(substituted-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-aryl-1H-imidazole derivatives as an anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer agent. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the earlier proven pharmacophore analogues of cancer a novel 2-(substituted-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-aryl-1H-imidazoles were rationally designed, synthesized and used for competitive biological activity against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shyam Perugu
- Department of Biochemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad, India 500 007
| | - G. Achaiah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal, India 500 009
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28
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Chen Y, Sun J, Peng S, Liao H, Zhang Y, Lehmann J. Tacrine-Flurbiprofen Hybrids as Multifunctional Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:865-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Neurobiology Lab; New Drug Screening Center; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hong Liao
- Neurobiology Lab; New Drug Screening Center; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jochen Lehmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
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29
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Edraki N, Firuzi O, Foroumadi A, Miri R, Madadkar-Sobhani A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Shafiee A. Phenylimino-2 H -chromen-3-carboxamide derivatives as novel small molecule inhibitors of β-secretase (BACE1). Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2396-2412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of 3-(2-aminoheterocycle)-4-benzyloxyphenylbenzamide derivatives as BACE-1 inhibitors. Molecules 2013; 18:3577-94. [PMID: 23519200 PMCID: PMC6269915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three series of 3-(2-aminoheterocycle)-4-benzyloxyphenylbenzamide derivatives, 2-aminooxazoles, 2-aminothiazoles, and 2-amino-6H-1,3,4-thiadizines were designed, synthesized and evaluated as β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors. Preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that the existence of a 2-amino-6H-1,3,4-thiadizine moiety and α-naphthyl group were favorable for BACE-1 inhibition. Among the synthesized compounds, 5e exhibited the most potent BACE-1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 9.9 μΜ and it exhibited high brain uptake potential in Madin-Darby anine kidney cell lines (MDCK) and a Madin-Darby canine kidney-multidrug resistance 1 (MDCK-MDR1) model.
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31
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Chen Y, Sun J, Huang Z, Liao H, Peng S, Lehmann J, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of tacrine-flurbiprofen-nitrate trihybrids as novel anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2462-70. [PMID: 23541836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To search for multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents with good safety, the previously synthesized tacrine-flurbiprofen hybrids 1a and 1b were modified into tacrine-flurbiprofen-nitrate trihybrids 3a-h. These compounds displayed comparable or higher cholinesterase inhibitory activity relative to the bivalent hybrids. Compound 3a was the most potent, which released moderate NO, exerted blood vessel relaxative activity, and showed significant Aβ inhibitory effects whereas tacrine and flurbiprofen did not exhibit any Aβ inhibitory activity at the same dose. In addition, 3a was active in improving memory impairment in vivo. More importantly, the hepatotoxicity study showed that 3a was much safer than tacrine, suggesting it might be a promising anti-AD agent for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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32
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Linning P, Haussmann U, Beyer I, Weidlich S, Schieb H, Wiltfang J, Klafki HW, Knölker HJ. Optimisation of BACE1 inhibition of tripartite structures by modification of membrane anchors, spacers and pharmacophores - development of potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:8216-35. [PMID: 22930158 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Systematic variation of membrane anchor, spacer and pharmacophore building blocks leads to an optimisation of the inhibitory effect of tripartite structures towards BACE1-induced cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
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33
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Bharate JB, Guru SK, Jain SK, Meena S, Singh PP, Bhushan S, Singh B, Bharate SB, Vishwakarma RA. Cu–Mn spinel oxide catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through domino three-component coupling and 5-exo-dig cyclization in water. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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34
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Al-Qawasmeh R, A. Khanfar M, H. Semreen M, Abu Odeh R, H. Al-Tel T. Design and Synthesis of New Hybrid Triazine-Indole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents against Hospital Resistant Strains. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Nastase AF, Boyd DB. Simple structure-based approach for predicting the activity of inhibitors of beta-secretase (BACE1) associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Chem Inf Model 2012. [PMID: 23198745 DOI: 10.1021/ci300331d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) is a target of interest for treating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of BACE1 may prevent amyloid-ß (Aß) plaque formation and the development or progression of Alzheimer's disease. Known BACE1 inhibitors were analyzed using computational chemistry and cheminformatics techniques to search for quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). A remarkable relationship was found with only two simple descriptors. The square of the linear correlation coefficient r(2) is 0.75. The main descriptor is the number of hydrophobic contacts in the range 4-5 Å between the atoms of the ligand and active site. The other descriptor is the number of short (<2.8 Å) hydrogen bonds. Our approach uses readily available structural data on protein-inhibitor complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) but would be equally applicable to proprietary structural biology data. The findings can aid structure-based design of improved BACE-1 inhibitors. If an inhibitor has less observed activity than predicted by our correlation, the compound should be retested because the first assay may have underestimated the compound's true activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Nastase
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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36
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Design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of benzamides: Novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with multi-functions on butylcholinesterase, Aβ aggregation, and β-secretase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6739-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Dineen TA, Weiss MM, Williamson T, Acton P, Babu-Khan S, Bartberger MD, Brown J, Chen K, Cheng Y, Citron M, Croghan MD, Dunn RT, Esmay J, Graceffa RF, Harried SS, Hickman D, Hitchcock SA, Horne DB, Huang H, Imbeah-Ampiah R, Judd T, Kaller MR, Kreiman CR, La DS, Li V, Lopez P, Louie S, Monenschein H, Nguyen TT, Pennington LD, San Miguel T, Sickmier EA, Vargas HM, Wahl RC, Wen PH, Whittington DA, Wood S, Xue Q, Yang BH, Patel VF, Zhong W. Design and Synthesis of Potent, Orally Efficacious Hydroxyethylamine Derived β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme (BACE1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9025-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300118s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Dineen
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew M. Weiss
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Toni Williamson
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul Acton
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Safura Babu-Khan
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - James Brown
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Martin Citron
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Michael D. Croghan
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert T. Dunn
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Joel Esmay
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Russell F. Graceffa
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Scott S. Harried
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Stephen A. Hitchcock
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Daniel B. Horne
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hongbing Huang
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ronke Imbeah-Ampiah
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ted Judd
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew R. Kaller
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Charles R. Kreiman
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Daniel S. La
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Vivian Li
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Patricia Lopez
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Steven Louie
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Holger Monenschein
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Thomas T. Nguyen
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Lewis D. Pennington
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tisha San Miguel
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - E. Allen Sickmier
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hugo M. Vargas
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Robert C. Wahl
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul H. Wen
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Stephen Wood
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Qiufen Xue
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bryant H. Yang
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Vinod F. Patel
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wenge Zhong
- Chemical
Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, §Department of HTS and Molecular Pharmacology, ∥Molecular Structure, ⊥Pharmacokinetics
and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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38
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Structure based design of iminohydantoin BACE1 inhibitors: identification of an orally available, centrally active BACE1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2444-9. [PMID: 22390835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From an initial lead 1, a structure-based design approach led to identification of a novel, high-affinity iminohydantoin BACE1 inhibitor that lowers CNS-derived Aβ following oral administration to rats. Herein we report SAR development in the S3 and F' subsites of BACE1 for this series, the synthetic approaches employed in this effort, and in vivo data for the optimized compound.
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Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators as a Disease-Modifying Approach Against Alzheimer's Disease. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396492-2.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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