1
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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2
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Barreca M, Spanò V, Raimondi MV, Bivacqua R, Giuffrida S, Montalbano A, Cavalli A, Bertoni F, Barraja P. GPCR Inhibition in Treating Lymphoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:358-364. [PMID: 38239337 PMCID: PMC10796172 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important classes of cell surface receptors involved in multiple physiological functions. Aberrant expression, upregulation, and mutation of GPCR signaling pathways are frequent in many types of cancers, promoting hyperproliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent studies showed that alterations of GPCRs are involved in different lymphoma types. Herein, we review the synthetic strategies to obtain GPCR inhibitors, focusing on CXCR4 inhibitors which represent most of the GPCR inhibitors available in the market or under preclinical investigations for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria V Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Bivacqua
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuffrida
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Fang X, Meng Q, Zhang H, Liang B, Zhu S, Wang J, Zhang C, Huang LS, Zhang X, Schooley RT, An J, Xu Y, Huang Z. Design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a new class of symmetrical polyamine-based small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112410. [PMID: 32492596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4, a well-studied coreceptor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry, recognizes its cognate ligand SDF-1α (also named CXCL12) which plays many important roles, including regulating immune cells, controlling hematopoietic stem cells, and directing cancer cells migration. These pleiotropic roles make CXCR4 an attractive target to mitigate human disorders. Here a new class of symmetrical polyamines was designed and synthesized as potential small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. Among them, a representative compound 21 (namely HF50731) showed strong CXCR4 binding affinity (mean IC50 = 19.8 nM) in the CXCR4 competitive binding assay. Furthermore, compound 21 significantly inhibited SDF-1α-induced calcium mobilization and cell migration, and blocked HIV-1 infection via antagonizing CXCR4 coreceptor function. The structure-activity relationship analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular docking were conducted to further elucidate the binding mode of compound 21, suggesting that compound 21 could primarily occupy the minor subpocket of CXCR4 and partially bind in the major subpocket by interacting with residues W94, D97, D171, and E288. Our studies provide not only new insights for the fragment-based design of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists for clinical applications, but also a new and effective molecular probe for CXCR4-targeting biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Fang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Boqiang Liang
- Nobel Institute of Biomedicine, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Nobel Institute of Biomedicine, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Chaozai Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lina S Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xingquan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jing An
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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4
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Adlere I, Sun S, Zarca A, Roumen L, Gozelle M, Viciano CP, Caspar B, Arimont M, Bebelman JP, Briddon SJ, Hoffmann C, Hill SJ, Smit MJ, Vischer HF, Wijtmans M, de Graaf C, de Esch IJP, Leurs R. Structure-based exploration and pharmacological evaluation of N-substituted piperidin-4-yl-methanamine CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:631-649. [PMID: 30476826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Using the available structural information of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, we present hit finding and hit exploration studies that make use of virtual fragment screening, design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Fragment 2 was identified as virtual screening hit and used as a starting point for the exploration of 31 N-substituted piperidin-4-yl-methanamine derivatives to investigate and improve the interactions with the CXCR4 binding site. Additionally, subtle structural ligand changes lead to distinct interactions with CXCR4 resulting in a full to partial displacement of CXCL12 binding and competitive and/or non-competitive antagonism. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and binding model studies were used to identify important hydrophobic interactions that determine binding affinity and indicate key ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Adlere
- Griffin Discoveries BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Sun
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Zarca
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Roumen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Gozelle
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Perpiñá Viciano
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Caspar
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - M Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J P Bebelman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S J Briddon
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - C Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S J Hill
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - M J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H F Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I J P de Esch
- Griffin Discoveries BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Leurs
- Griffin Discoveries BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Recasens-Zorzo C, Cardesa-Salzmann T, Petazzi P, Ros-Blanco L, Esteve-Arenys A, Clot G, Guerrero-Hernández M, Rodríguez V, Soldini D, Valera A, Moros A, Climent F, González-Barca E, Mercadal S, Arenillas L, Calvo X, Mate JL, Gutiérrez-García G, Casanova I, Mangues R, Sanjuan-Pla A, Bueno C, Menéndez P, Martínez A, Colomer D, Tejedor RE, Teixidó J, Campo E, López-Guillermo A, Borrell JI, Colomo L, Pérez-Galán P, Roué G. Pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 cooperates with BET bromodomain inhibition in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2018; 104:778-788. [PMID: 29954928 PMCID: PMC6442946 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been associated with tumor progression, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance in different cancer subtypes. Although the CXCR4 pathway has recently been suggested as an adverse prognostic marker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, its biological relevance in this disease remains underexplored. In a homogeneous set of 52 biopsies from patients, an antibody-based cytokine array showed that tissue levels of CXCL12 correlated with high microvessel density and bone marrow involvement at diagnosis, supporting a role for the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in disease progression. We then identified the tetra-amine IQS-01.01RS as a potent inverse agonist of the receptor, preventing CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis and triggering apoptosis in a panel of 18 cell lines and primary cultures, with superior mobilizing properties in vivo than those of the standard agent. IQS-01.01RS activity was associated with downregulation of p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 and destabilization of MYC, allowing a synergistic interaction with the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitor, CPI203. In a xenotransplant model of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the combination of IQS-01.01RS and CPI203 decreased tumor burden through MYC and p-AKT downregulation, and enhanced the induction of apoptosis. Thus, our results point out an emerging role of CXCL12-CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and support the simultaneous targeting of CXCR4 and bromodomain proteins as a promising, rationale-based strategy for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Recasens-Zorzo
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | | | - Paolo Petazzi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona
| | - Laia Ros-Blanco
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona
| | - Anna Esteve-Arenys
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Guillem Clot
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Martina Guerrero-Hernández
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Vanina Rodríguez
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Davide Soldini
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - Alexandra Valera
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - Alexandra Moros
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Fina Climent
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| | - Eva González-Barca
- Institut Catalá d'Oncología, Hospital Duran I Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| | - Santiago Mercadal
- Institut Catalá d'Oncología, Hospital Duran I Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| | | | - Xavier Calvo
- Pathology Department, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona
| | - José Luís Mate
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona
| | | | - Isolda Casanova
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona.,Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, lnstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBER-BBN, Barcelona
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona.,Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, lnstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBER-BBN, Barcelona
| | | | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Antonio Martínez
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - Roger Estrada Tejedor
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona
| | - Jordi Teixidó
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona
| | - Elias Campo
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - Armando López-Guillermo
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona.,Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - José Ignacio Borrell
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona
| | - Luis Colomo
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona.,Pathology Department, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona
| | - Gaël Roué
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, Barcelona .,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Peng D, Cao B, Zhou YJ, Long YQ. The chemical diversity and structure-based evolution of non-peptide CXCR4 antagonists with diverse therapeutic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:148-169. [PMID: 29500940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a highly reserved G-protein coupled 7-transmembrane (TM) chemokine receptor which consists of 352 amino acids. CXCR4 has only one endogenous chemokine ligand of CXCL12, besides several other natural nonchemokine ligands such as extracellular ubiquitin and noncognate ligand of MIF. CXCR4 strongly binds to CXCL12 and the resulting CXCLl2/CXCR4 axis is the molecular basis of their various biological functions, which include: (1) mediating immune and inflammatory response; (2) regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration and homing; (3) an essential co-receptor for HIV entry into host cells; (4) participation in the process of embryonic development; (5) malignant tumor invasion and metastasis; (6) myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and acute kidney injury. Correspondingly, CXCR4 antagonists find potential therapeutic applications in HIV infection, as well as hematopoietic stem cell migration, inflammation, immune-related diseases, tumor and ischemic diseases. Recently, great achievements have been made and a number of non-peptide CXCR4 antagonists with diversity scaffolds have been discovered. In this review, the discovery of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists focused on the structures, activities, evolution and development of representative CXCR4 antagonists is comprehensively described. The central role of CXCR4 in diverse cellular signaling pathways and its involvement in several diseases progressions are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China.
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7
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Di Maro S, Di Leva FS, Trotta AM, Brancaccio D, Portella L, Aurilio M, Tomassi S, Messere A, Sementa D, Lastoria S, Carotenuto A, Novellino E, Scala S, Marinelli L. Structure–Activity Relationships and Biological Characterization of a Novel, Potent, and Serum Stable C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) Antagonist. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9641-9652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Di Maro
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Functional
Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”, IRCCS, Via M. Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Functional
Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”, IRCCS, Via M. Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Aurilio
- Nuclear
Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiant and Metabolic
Therapy, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”, IRCCS, Via M. Semmola
52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Anna Messere
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Secondo Lastoria
- Nuclear
Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiant and Metabolic
Therapy, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”, IRCCS, Via M. Semmola
52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional
Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”, IRCCS, Via M. Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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8
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Reker D, Schneider P, Schneider G. Multi-objective active machine learning rapidly improves structure-activity models and reveals new protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3919-3927. [PMID: 30155037 PMCID: PMC6013791 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Active machine learning puts artificial intelligence in charge of a sequential, feedback-driven discovery process. We present the application of a multi-objective active learning scheme for identifying small molecules that inhibit the protein-protein interaction between the anti-cancer target CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its endogenous ligand CXCL-12 (SDF-1). Experimental design by active learning was used to retrieve informative active compounds that continuously improved the adaptive structure-activity model. The balanced character of the compound selection function rapidly delivered new molecular structures with the desired inhibitory activity and at the same time allowed us to focus on informative compounds for model adjustment. The results of our study validate active learning for prospective ligand finding by adaptive, focused screening of large compound repositories and virtual compound libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - P Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - G Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
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9
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Puig de la Bellacasa R, Gibert A, Planesas JM, Ros-Blanco L, Batllori X, Badía R, Clotet B, Esté J, Teixidó J, Borrell JI. Nitrogen positional scanning in tetramines active against HIV-1 as potential CXCR4 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1455-1472. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm, derived from bicyclams, by which it is necessary to use the p-phenylene moiety as the central core in order to achieve high HIV-1 antiviral activities has been reexamined for structures 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Gibert
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- E-08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Jesús M. Planesas
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- E-08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Laia Ros-Blanco
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- E-08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Xavier Batllori
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- E-08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Roger Badía
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
- 08916 Badalona
- Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
- 08916 Badalona
- Spain
| | - José Esté
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
- 08916 Badalona
- Spain
| | - Jordi Teixidó
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- E-08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - José I. Borrell
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- E-08017 Barcelona
- Spain
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Discovery and computer aided potency optimization of a novel class of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78744. [PMID: 24205302 PMCID: PMC3800133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst the chemokine signalling axes involved in cancer, chemokine CXCL12 acting on chemokine receptor CXCR4 is particularly significant since it orchestrates migration of cancer cells in a tissue-specific metastatic process. High CXCR4 tumour expression is associated with poor prognosis of lung, brain, CNS, blood and breast cancers. We have identified a new class of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists based on the use of computational modelling studies in concert with experimental determination of in vitro activity against CXCL12-induced intracellular calcium mobilisation, proliferation and chemotaxis. Molecular modelling proved to be a useful tool in rationalising our observed potencies, as well as informing the direction of the synthetic efforts aimed at producing more potent compounds.
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