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Saini A, Patel R, Gaba S, Singh G, Gupta GD, Monga V. Adenosine receptor antagonists: Recent advances and therapeutic perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113907. [PMID: 34695776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine-based nucleoside expressed nearly in all body tissues. It regulates various body functions by activating four G-protein coupled receptors, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. These receptors are widely acknowledged as drug targets for treating different neurological, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. Although numerous adenosine receptor inhibitors have been developed worldwide, achieving target selectivity is still a big hurdle in drug development. However, the identification of specific radioligands-based affinity assay, fluorescent ligands, and MS-based ligand assay have contributed to the development of selective and potent adenosine ligands. In recent years various small heterocyclic-based molecules have shown some promising results. Istradefylline has been approved for treating Parkinson's in Japan, while preladenant, tozadenant, CVT-6883, MRS-1523, and many more are under different phases of clinical development. The present review is focused on the quest to develop potent and selective adenosine inhibitors from 2013 to early 2021 by various research groups. The review also highlights their biological activity, selectivity, structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and mechanistic studies. A special emphsesis on drug designing strategies has been also given the manuscript. The comprehensive compilation of research work carried out in the field will provide inevitable scope for designing and developing novel adenosine inhibitors with improved selectivity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajiv Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sobhi Gaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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2
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe LJ, Janse van Rensburg HD. Exploration of chalcones and related heterocycle compounds as ligands of adenosine receptors: therapeutics development. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1779-1821. [PMID: 34176057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian body where they are involved in an extensive list of physiological and pathological processes that scientists have only begun to decipher. Resultantly, AR agonists and antagonists have been the focus of multiple drug design and development programmes within the past few decades. Considered to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the chalcone framework has attracted a substantial amount of interest in this regard. Due to the potential liabilities associated with its structure, however, it has become necessary to explore other potentially promising compounds, such as heterocycles, which have successfully been obtained from chalcone precursors in the past. This review aims to summarise the emerging therapeutic importance of adenosine receptors and their ligands, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), while highlighting chalcone and heterocyclic derivatives as promising AR ligand lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.,Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.
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3
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Rao RN, Chanda K. An assessment study of known pyrazolopyrimidines: Chemical methodology and cellular activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103801. [PMID: 32278206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen atom play a key role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Pyrazolopyrimidine is a privileged class of nitrogen containing fused heterocyclic compound contributing to a major portion of all lead molecules in medicinal chemistry. The thumbprint of pyrazolopyrimidine as a pharmacophore is always noticeable due to its analogy with the adenine base in DNA. Pyrazolopyrimidines are divided into five types [I, II, III, IV, V] based on the mechanism of action on the specific target conferring a wide scope of research which has accelerated the interest of researchers to investigate its biological profile. In 1956, the anti-cancer activity of pyrazolopyrimidine was evaluated for the first time with appreciable results. Since then, medicinal chemists centered their work on various methods of synthesis and evaluating the biological profile of pyrazolopyrimidine isomers. This report consists of novel methodologies followed to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidine isomers along with a note on their biological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be first of its kind to encompass different synthetic procedures along with anti-cancer, kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition and receptor blocking activity of pyrazolopyrimidine moieties. IC50 values of potent compounds are added wherever necessary to understand the suitability of pyrazolopyrimidine skeletons for a specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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4
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Betti M, Catarzi D, Varano F, Falsini M, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Pasquini S, di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Lucarini E, Dal Ben D, Spinaci A, Bartolucci G, Menicatti M, Colotta V. Modifications on the Amino-3,5-dicyanopyridine Core To Obtain Multifaceted Adenosine Receptor Ligands with Antineuropathic Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6894-6912. [PMID: 31306001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines (1-31) was synthesized and biologically evaluated in order to further investigate the potential of this scaffold to obtain adenosine receptor (AR) ligands. In general, the modifications performed have led to compounds having high to good human (h) A1AR affinity and an inverse agonist profile. While most of the compounds are hA1AR-selective, some derivatives behave as mixed hA1AR inverse agonists/A2A and A2B AR antagonists. The latter compounds (9-12) showed that they reduce oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain by a mechanism involving the alpha7 subtype of nAchRs, similar to the nonselective AR antagonist caffeine, taken as the reference compound. Along with the pharmacological evaluation, chemical stability of methyl 3-(((6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl)methyl)benzoate 10 was assessed in plasma matrices (rat and human), and molecular modeling studies were carried out to better rationalize the available structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Lorenzo di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Viale Pieraccini, 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Viale Pieraccini, 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Viale Pieraccini, 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università degli Studi di Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , 62032 Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università degli Studi di Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , 62032 Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Falsini M, Dal Ben D, Buccioni M, Marucci G, Volpini R, Colotta V. Novel human adenosine receptor antagonists based on the 7-amino-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Structural investigations at the 2-, 5- and 7-positions to enhance affinity and tune selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:563-569. [PMID: 30638876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of novel 7-amino-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines bearing different substituents at positions 2, 5 and 7 of the thiazolopyrimidine scaffold. The synthesized compounds 2-27 were evaluated in radioligand binding (A1, A2A and A3) and adenylyl cyclase activity (A2B and A2A) assays, in order to evaluate their affinity and potency at human adenosine receptor subtypes. The current study allowed us to support that affinity and selectivity of 7-amino-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives towards the adenosine receptor subtypes can be modulated by the nature of the groups attached at positions 2, 5 and 7 of the bicyclic scaffold. To rationalize the hypothetical binding mode of the newly synthesized compounds, we also performed docking calculations in human A2A, A1 and A3 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Jacobson KA, Merighi S, Varani K, Borea PA, Baraldi S, Tabrizi MA, Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Ciancetta A, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Gessi S. A 3 Adenosine Receptors as Modulators of Inflammation: From Medicinal Chemistry to Therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1031-1072. [PMID: 28682469 PMCID: PMC5756520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3 AR) subtype is a novel, promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, as well as liver cancer. A3 AR is coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to modulation of transcription. Furthermore, A3 AR affects functions of almost all immune cells and the proliferation of cancer cells. Numerous A3 AR agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators have been reported, and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been studied culminating in the development of potent and selective molecules with drug-like characteristics. The efficacy of nucleoside agonists may be suppressed to produce antagonists, by structural modification of the ribose moiety. Diverse classes of heterocycles have been discovered as selective A3 AR blockers, although with large species differences. Thus, as a result of intense basic research efforts, the outlook for development of A3 AR modulators for human therapeutics is encouraging. Two prototypical selective agonists, N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; CF101) and 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA; CF102), have progressed to advanced clinical trials. They were found safe and well tolerated in all preclinical and human clinical studies and showed promising results, particularly in psoriasis and RA, where the A3 AR is both a promising therapeutic target and a biologically predictive marker, suggesting a personalized medicine approach. Targeting the A3 AR may pave the way for safe and efficacious treatments for patient populations affected by inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Vincenzi F, Falsini M, Pasquini S, Borea PA, Colotta V, Varani K. Structure-activity relationship studies and pharmacological characterization of N5-heteroarylalkyl-substituted-2-(2-furanyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamine-based derivatives as inverse agonists at human A2A adenosine receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:552-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arruda MA, Stoddart LA, Gherbi K, Briddon SJ, Kellam B, Hill SJ. A Non-imaging High Throughput Approach to Chemical Library Screening at the Unmodified Adenosine-A 3 Receptor in Living Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:908. [PMID: 29321740 PMCID: PMC5733478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fluorescent ligand technology have enabled the study of G protein-coupled receptors in their native environment without the need for genetic modification such as addition of N-terminal fluorescent or bioluminescent tags. Here, we have used a non-imaging plate reader (PHERAstar FS) to monitor the binding of fluorescent ligands to the human adenosine-A3 receptor (A3AR; CA200645 and AV039), stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells. To verify that this method was suitable for the study of other GPCRs, assays at the human adenosine-A1 receptor, and β1 and β2 adrenoceptors (β1AR and β2AR; BODIPY-TMR-CGP-12177) were also carried out. Affinity values determined for the binding of the fluorescent ligands CA200645 and AV039 to A3AR for a range of classical adenosine receptor antagonists were consistent with A3AR pharmacology and correlated well (R2 = 0.94) with equivalent data obtained using a confocal imaging plate reader (ImageXpress Ultra). The binding of BODIPY-TMR-CGP-12177 to the β1AR was potently inhibited by low concentrations of the β1-selective antagonist CGP 20712A (pKi 9.68) but not by the β2-selective antagonist ICI 118551(pKi 7.40). Furthermore, in experiments conducted in CHO K1 cells expressing the β2AR this affinity order was reversed with ICI 118551 showing the highest affinity (pKi 8.73) and CGP20712A (pKi 5.68) the lowest affinity. To determine whether the faster data acquisition of the non-imaging plate reader (~3 min per 96-well plate) was suitable for high throughput screening (HTS), we screened the LOPAC library for inhibitors of the binding of CA200645 to the A3AR. From the initial 1,263 compounds evaluated, 67 hits (defined as those that inhibited the total binding of 25 nM CA200645 by ≥40%) were identified. All compounds within the library that had medium to high affinity for the A3AR (pKi ≥6) were successfully identified. We found three novel compounds in the library that displayed unexpected sub-micromolar affinity for the A3AR. These were K114 (pKi 6.43), retinoic acid p-hydroxyanilide (pKi 6.13) and SU 6556 (pKi 6.17). Molecular docking of these latter three LOPAC library members provided a plausible set of binding poses within the vicinity of the established orthosteric A3AR binding pocket. A plate reader based library screening using an untagged receptor is therefore possible using fluorescent ligand opening the possibility of its use in compound screening at natively expressed receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augusta Arruda
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
- Vice-Diretoria de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovacao, Farmanguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leigh A. Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Gherbi
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom
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9
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Cherukupalli S, Hampannavar GA, Chinnam S, Chandrasekaran B, Sayyad N, Kayamba F, Reddy Aleti R, Karpoormath R. An appraisal on synthetic and pharmaceutical perspectives of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:309-339. [PMID: 29273417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, a fused heterocycle bearing pyrazole and pyrimidine portions has gained a significant attention in the field of bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities particularly, anti-cancer, anti-infectious, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenosine antagonists and cytokinin antagonists etc. This review extensively unveils the synthetic and pharmacological diversity with special emphasis on structural variations around pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. This endeavour has thus uncovered the medicinal worthiness of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine framework. To the best of our knowledge this review is the first compilation on synthetic, medicinal and structure activity relationship (SAR) aspects of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines since 1956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Francis Kayamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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10
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Falsini M, Squarcialupi L, Catarzi D, Varano F, Betti M, Dal Ben D, Marucci G, Buccioni M, Volpini R, De Vita T, Cavalli A, Colotta V. The 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-one as a Versatile Scaffold for the Design of Potent Adenosine Human Receptor Antagonists. Structural Investigations to Target the A2A Receptor Subtype. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5772-5790. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento
di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino,
Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Squarcialupi
- Dipartimento
di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino,
Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento
di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino,
Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento
di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino,
Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento
di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino,
Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola
di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Scuola
di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Scuola
di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola
di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Teresa De Vita
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia e Biotecnologia, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento
di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino,
Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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11
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Alkorta I, Elguero J. The structure of N -arylindazoles and their aza-derivatives in the solid state: A systematic analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database coupled with DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Squarcialupi L, Betti M, Catarzi D, Varano F, Falsini M, Ravani A, Pasquini S, Vincenzi F, Salmaso V, Sturlese M, Varani K, Moro S, Colotta V. The role of 5-arylalkylamino- and 5-piperazino- moieties on the 7-aminopyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine core in affecting adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptor affinity and selectivity profiles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:248-263. [PMID: 28114825 PMCID: PMC6009979 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New 7-amino-2-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, substituted at the 5-position with aryl(alkyl)amino- and 4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl- moieties, were synthesized with the aim of targeting human (h) adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptor subtypes. On the whole, the novel derivatives 1–24 shared scarce or no affinities for the off-target hA2B and hA3 ARs. The 5-(4-hydroxyphenethylamino)- derivative 12 showed both good affinity (Ki = 150 nM) and the best selectivity for the hA2A AR while the 5-benzylamino-substituted 5 displayed the best combined hA2A (Ki = 123 nM) and A1 AR affinity (Ki = 25 nM). The 5-phenethylamino moiety (compound 6) achieved nanomolar affinity (Ki = 11 nM) and good selectivity for the hA1 AR. The 5-(N4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl) derivatives 15–24 bind the hA1 AR subtype with affinities falling in the high nanomolar range. A structure-based molecular modeling study was conducted to rationalize the experimental binding data from a molecular point of view using both molecular docking studies and Interaction Energy Fingerprints (IEFs) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Squarcialupi
- a Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- a Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- a Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- a Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- a Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università di Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università di Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università di Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- c Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- c Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia , Università di Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- c Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- a Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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13
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Vincenzi F, Betti M, Falsini M, Ravani A, Borea PA, Colotta V, Varani K. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of 2-(2-Furanyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamine Derivatives: New Highly Potent A 2A Adenosine Receptor Inverse Agonists with Antinociceptive Activity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10564-10576. [PMID: 27933962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the design and synthesis of new N5-substituted-2-(2-furanyl) thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamines (2-18) and their pharmacological characterization as A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists by using in vitro and in vivo assays. In competition binding experiments two derivatives (13 and 14) emerged as outstanding ligands showing two different affinity values (KH and KL) for the hA2A receptor with the high affinity KH value in the femtomolar range. The in vitro functional activity assays, performed by using cyclic AMP experiments, assessed that they behave as potent inverse agonists at the hA2A AR. Compounds 13 and 14 were evaluated for their antinociceptive activity in acute experimental models of pain showing an effect equal to or greater than that of morphine. Overall, these novel inverse agonists might represent potential drug candidates for an alternative approach to the management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Poli D, Falsini M, Varano F, Betti M, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Pugliese AM, Pedata F, Dal Ben D, Thomas A, Palchetti I, Bettazzi F, Catarzi D, Colotta V. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-amine core for the design of new adenosine receptor antagonists: Structural exploration to target the A 3 and A 2A subtypes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:611-628. [PMID: 27721147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine ring system has been chosen as a new decorable core skeleton for the design of novel adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists targeting either the human (h) A3 or the hA2A receptor subtype. The N8-(hetero)arylcarboxyamido substituted compounds 4-14 and 21-30, bearing a 6-phenyl moiety or not, respectively, show good hA3 receptor affinity and selectivity versus the other ARs. In contrast, the 8-amino-6-(hetero)aryl substituted derivatives designed for targeting the hA2A receptor subtype (compounds 31-38) and also the 6-phenyl analogues 18-20 do not bind the hA2A AR, or show hA1 or balanced hA1/hA2A AR affinity in the micromolar range. Molecular docking of the new hA3 antagonists was carried out to depict their hypothetical binding mode to our refined model of the hA3 receptor. Some derivatives were evaluated for their fluorescent potentiality and showed some fluorescent emission properties. One of the most active hA3 antagonists herein reported, i.e. the 2,6-diphenyl-8-(3-pyridoylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine 29, tested in a rat model of cerebral ischemia, delayed the occurrence of anoxic depolarization caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation in the hippocampus and allowed disrupted synaptic activity to recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Poli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sez. Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 4412 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sez. Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 4412 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Ajiroghene Thomas
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine-CNR, Via P.Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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15
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Squarcialupi L, Falsini M, Catarzi D, Varano F, Betti M, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Volpini R, Colotta V. Exploring the 2- and 5-positions of the pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amino scaffold to target human A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2794-808. [PMID: 27161878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 7-aminopyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (1-31) were synthesized to evaluate some structural modifications at the 2- and 5-positions aimed at shifting affinity towards the human (h) A2A adenosine receptor (AR) or both hA2A and hA1 ARs. The most active compounds were those featured by a 2-furyl or 5-methylfuran-2-yl moiety at position 5, combined with a benzyl or a substituted-benzyl group at position 2. Several of these derivatives (22-31) displayed nanomolar affinity for the hA2A AR (Ki=3.62-57nM) and slightly lower for the hA1 ARs, thus showing different degrees (3-22 fold) of hA2A versus hA1 selectivity. In particular, the 2-(2-methoxybenzyl)-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl) derivative 25 possessed the highest hA2A and hA1 AR affinities (Ki=3.62nM and 18nM, respectively) and behaved as potent antagonist at both these receptors (cAMP assays). Its 2-(2-hydroxybenzyl) analog 26 also showed a high affinity for the hA2A AR (Ki=5.26nM) and was 22-fold selective versus the hA1 subtype. Molecular docking investigations performed at the hA2A AR crystal structure and at a homology model of the hA1 AR allowed us to represent the hypothetical binding mode of our derivatives and to rationalize the observed SARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Squarcialupi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S.Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S.Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, via S.Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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16
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Squarcialupi L, Catarzi D, Varano F, Betti M, Falsini M, Vincenzi F, Ravani A, Ciancetta A, Varani K, Moro S, Colotta V. Structural refinement of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives to obtain highly potent and selective antagonists for the human A3 adenosine receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:117-133. [PMID: 26638043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous research, we identified some 7-oxo- and 7-acylamino-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective human (h) A3 adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists. Herein we report on the structural refinement of this class of antagonists aimed at achieving improved receptor-ligand recognition. Hence, substituents with different steric bulk, flexibility and lipophilicity (Me, Ar, heteroaryl, CH2Ph) were introduced at the 5- and 2-positions of the bicyclic scaffold of both the 7-oxo and 7-amino derivatives, and acyl residues were appended on the 7-amino group of the latter. All the 2-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amines and 7-acylamines bearing a 4-methoxyphenyl- or a 2-thienyl group at the 5-position showed high hA3 affinity and selectivity. In particular, the 2-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-(4-methoxybenzoyl)amine 25 (Ki = 0.027 nM) is one of the most potent and selective hA3 antagonists reported so far. By using an in silico receptor-driven approach the obtained binding data were rationalized and the molecular bases of the observed hA3 AR affinities were critically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Squarcialupi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e salute del Bambino, sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e salute del Bambino, sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e salute del Bambino, sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e salute del Bambino, sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e salute del Bambino, sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e salute del Bambino, sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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17
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Squarcialupi L, Betti M, Vincenzi F, Ravani A, Varani K, Dal Ben D, Thomas A, Volpini R, Colotta V. Exploring the 7-oxo-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine core for the design of new human adenosine A3 receptor antagonists. Synthesis, molecular modeling studies and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:105-21. [PMID: 25874336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 5-methyl-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-7-ones bearing different substituents at position 2 (aryl, heteroaryl and arylamino groups) was synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding assays to determine their affinities at the human (h) A1, A2A, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). Efficacy at the hA(2B) and antagonism of selected ligands at the hA3 were also assessed through cAMP experiments. Some of the new derivatives exhibited good to high hA3AR affinity and selectivity versus all the other AR subtypes. Compound 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-7-one 4 was found to be the most potent and selective ligand of the series (K(I) hA3 = 18 nM). Molecular docking studies of the reported derivatives were carried out to depict their hypothetical binding mode in our hA3 receptor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Lucia Squarcialupi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Universita' di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Universita' di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Universita' di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Ajiroghene Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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18
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Wang T, Xiong J, Wang W, Li R, Tang X, Xiong F. Tunable regioselective synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives via aza-Wittig cyclization and dimroth-type rearrangement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15777j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel tunable regioselective synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives via aza-Wittig/Ag(i) or base-promoted tandem reaction has been developed. This approach provides a concise way to construct this derivatives under mild condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
| | - Jun Xiong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Rou Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
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19
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Yuan G, Gedeon NG, Jankins TC, Jones GB. Novel approaches for targeting the adenosine A2Areceptor. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 10:63-80. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.971006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Squarcialupi L, Colotta V, Catarzi D, Varano F, Betti M, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Porta N, Ciancetta A, Moro S. 7-Amino-2-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives: Structural investigations at the 5-position to target human A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. Molecular modeling and pharmacological studies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:614-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Congreve M, Dias JM, Marshall FH. Structure-based drug design for G protein-coupled receptors. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 53:1-63. [PMID: 24418607 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63380-4.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the structural biology of G protein-coupled receptors has undergone a transformation over the past 5 years. New protein-ligand complexes are described almost monthly in high profile journals. Appreciation of how small molecules and natural ligands bind to their receptors has the potential to impact enormously how medicinal chemists approach this major class of receptor targets. An outline of the key topics in this field and some recent examples of structure- and fragment-based drug design are described. A table is presented with example views of each G protein-coupled receptor for which there is a published X-ray structure, including interactions with small molecule antagonists, partial and full agonists. The possible implications of these new data for drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Congreve
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - João M Dias
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona H Marshall
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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