1
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Vu LY, Luo D, Johnson K, Denehy ED, Songrady JC, Martin J, Trivedi R, Alsum AR, Shaykin JD, Chaudhary CL, Woloshin EJ, Kornberger L, Bhuiyan N, Parkin S, Jiang Q, Che T, Alilain W, Turner JR, Bardo MT, Prisinzano TE. Searching for Synthetic Opioid Rescue Agents: Identification of a Potent Opioid Agonist with Reduced Respiratory Depression. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9173-9193. [PMID: 38810170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
While in the process of designing more effective synthetic opioid rescue agents, we serendipitously identified a new chemotype of potent synthetic opioid. Here, we report that conformational constraint of a piperazine ring converts a mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist into a potent MOR agonist. The prototype of the series, which we have termed atoxifent (2), possesses potent in vitro agonist activity. In mice, atoxifent displayed long-lasting antinociception that was reversible with naltrexone. Repeated dosing of atoxifent produced antinociceptive tolerance and a level of withdrawal like that of fentanyl. In rats, while atoxifent produced complete loss of locomotor activity like fentanyl, it failed to produce deep respiratory depression associated with fentanyl-induced lethality. Assessment of brain biodistribution demonstrated ample distribution of atoxifent into the brain with a Tmax of approximately 0.25 h. These results indicate enhanced safety for atoxifent-like molecules compared to fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Y Vu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Kai Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Emily D Denehy
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Judy C Songrady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jocelyn Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Riya Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Alexia R Alsum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jakob D Shaykin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Eric J Woloshin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Lindsay Kornberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Nazmul Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Qianru Jiang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Warren Alilain
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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2
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Zhang CQ, Gao S, Bo L, Song HM, Liu LM, Zheng MX, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Triketone-Containing Phenoxy Nicotinyl Inhibitors of HPPD. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11321-11330. [PMID: 38714361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is a crucial target enzyme in albino herbicides. The inhibition of HPPD activity interferes with the synthesis of carotenoids, blocking photosynthesis and resulting in bleaching and necrosis. To develop herbicides with excellent activity, a series of 3-hydroxy-2-(6-substituted phenoxynicotinoyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one derivatives were designed via active substructure combination. The title compounds were characterized via infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The structure of compound III-17 was confirmed via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Preliminary tests demonstrated that some compounds had good herbicidal activity. Crop safety tests revealed that compound III-29 was safer than the commercial herbicide mesotrione in wheat and peanuts. Moreover, the compound exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD), with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.19 μM, demonstrating superior activity compared with mesotrione (0.28 μM) in vitro. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship study revealed that the introduction of smaller groups to the 5-position of cyclohexanedione and negative charges to the 3-position of the benzene ring enhanced the herbicidal activity. A molecular structure comparison demonstrated that compound III-29 was beneficial to plant absorption and conduction. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further verified the stability of the complex formed by compound III-29 and AtHPPD. Thus, this study may provide insights into the development of green and efficient herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hao-Min Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mei-Xin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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3
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of m-Aryloxy Phenols. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062657. [PMID: 36985628 PMCID: PMC10056990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since phenol derivatives have high potential as building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive natural products and conducting polymers, many synthesis methods have been invented. In recent years, innovative synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of m-aryloxy phenols, which has allowed for the preparation of complex m-aryloxy phenols with functional groups, such as esters, nitriles, and halogens, that impart specific properties of these compounds. This review provides an overview of recent advances in synthetic strategies for m-aryloxy phenols and their potential biological activities. This paper highlights the importance of m-aryloxy phenols in various industries, including plastics, adhesives, and coatings, and it discusses their applications as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and flame retardants.
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4
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Luo H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lu Q, An Q, Xu M, Li S, Li J, Li B. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 5-Bromo-1,2,3-triazines with Phenols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2590-2600. [PMID: 35166528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction in classic textbook is a stepwise mechanism, and few examples of concerted reactions have been reported. Herein, we developed a concerted SNAr reaction of 5-bromo-1,2,3-triazines with phenols in which the nonclassic mechanism of this reaction could be revealed by calculation. Furthermore, the resulting 5-aryloxy-1,2,3-triazines could be used as convenient precursors to access biologically important 3-aryloxy-pyridines in one-pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qixing Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiaoyu An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mingchuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400044, China
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5
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Zaidi SA, Katritch V. Structural Characterization of KOR Inactive and Active States for 3D Pharmacology and Drug Discovery. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 271:41-64. [PMID: 33945028 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the human kappa opioid receptor (KOR) in complex with the long-acting antagonist JDTic was solved crystallographically in 2012 and, along with structures of other opioid receptors, revolutionized our understanding of opioid system function and pharmacology. More recently, active state KOR structure was also determined, giving important insights into activation mechanisms of the receptor. In this review, we will discuss how the understanding of atomistic structures of KOR established a key platform for deciphering details of subtype and functional selectivity of KOR-targeting ligands and for discovery of new chemical probes with potentially beneficial pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Garnier T, Danel M, Magné V, Pujol A, Bénéteau V, Pale P, Chassaing S. Copper(I)-USY as a Ligand-Free and Recyclable Catalyst for Ullmann-Type O-, N-, S-, and C-Arylation Reactions: Scope and Application to Total Synthesis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6408-6422. [PMID: 29790337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I)-doped zeolite CuI-USY proved to be a versatile, efficient, and recyclable catalyst for various Ullmann-type coupling reactions. Easy to prepare and cheap, this catalytic material enables the arylation and heteroarylation of diverse O-, N-, S-, and C-nucleophiles under ligand-free conditions while exhibiting large functional group compatibility. The facility of this catalyst to promote C-O bond formation was further demonstrated with the total synthesis of 3-methylobovatol, a naturally occurring diaryl ether of biological relevance. From a mechanistic viewpoint, two competitive pathways depending on the nature of the nucleophile and consistent with the obtained results have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Garnier
- ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Mathieu Danel
- ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | | | - Anthony Pujol
- ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Valérie Bénéteau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC) , Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67070 Strasbourg , France
| | - Patrick Pale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC) , Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67070 Strasbourg , France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- ITAV, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse , France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC) , Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67070 Strasbourg , France
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7
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Helal MA, Habib ES, Chittiboyina AG. Selective kappa opioid antagonists for treatment of addiction, are we there yet? Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:632-647. [PMID: 29107424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOP) is a G-protein coupled receptor mainly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. It is implicated in nociception, diuresis, emotion, cognition, and immune system functions. KOP agonists possess a strong analgesic effect accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria. On the other hand, antagonists of this receptor were found to block depression, anxiety, and drug-seeking behaviors in animal models. Recently, great interest has been given to the development of selective KOP antagonists as an addiction treatment that does not cause dependence itself or show high relapse rates like the currently used agents. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the KOP antagonists developed for this purpose together with their in vivo studies and clinical trials. In addition, a future perspective and recommendations for the work needed to develop clinically relevant KOP antagonists are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12588, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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8
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Damkaci F, Sigindere C, Sobiech T, Vik E, Malone J. N-Picolinamides as ligands in Ullman type C–O coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Ravilla L, Venkata subba Naidu N, Dogra S, Umrao D, Yadav PN, Biswas A, Michael D, Sekar K, Nagarajan K. Opioid Receptor Modulators with a Cinnamyl Group. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6733-6750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Ravilla
- R&D Centre, Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Peenya Ind. Area, 3rd Stage, Bangalore 560 058, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | | | - Shalini Dogra
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Deepmala Umrao
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Prem N. Yadav
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Ansuman Biswas
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Daliah Michael
- Department
of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kanagaraj Sekar
- Department
of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kuppuswamy Nagarajan
- R&D Centre, Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Peenya Ind. Area, 3rd Stage, Bangalore 560 058, India
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10
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Scarry SM, Lovell KM, Frankowski KJ, Bohn LM, Aubé J. Synthesis of Kappa Opioid Antagonists Based On Pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxalinones Using an N-Arylation/Condensation/Oxidation Reaction Sequence. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10538-10550. [PMID: 27399050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The quinoxaline and quinoxalinone family of nitrogen heterocycles is present in molecules of therapeutic relevance for diverse applications ranging from infectious diseases to neuroscience targets. Here, we describe a general synthetic sequence to afford pyrrolo[1,2-α]quinoxalinones from commercially available starting materials and their use in preparing potential kappa opioid receptor antagonists. The biological data obtained from the latter set of compounds is briefly presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Scarry
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina , 125 Mason Farm Road, CB 7363, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kimberly M Lovell
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, #2A2, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina , 125 Mason Farm Road, CB 7363, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, #2A2, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina , 125 Mason Farm Road, CB 7363, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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11
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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12
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Kormos CM, Gichinga MG, Maitra R, Runyon SP, Thomas JB, Brieaddy LE, Mascarella SW, Navarro HA, Carroll FI. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-[[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-2-methylpropyl]-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic) analogues: in vitro pharmacology and ADME profile. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7367-81. [PMID: 25133923 PMCID: PMC4161151 DOI: 10.1021/jm5008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
JDTic analogues 4–15 which have
the hydroxyl groups replaced with other groups were synthesized and
their in vitro efficacy at the μ, δ, and κ opioid
receptors determined and compared to JDTic using [35S]GTPγS
assays. Compounds 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, and 15 had Ke = 0.024, 0.01, 0.039, 0.02, 0.11, and 0.041 nM compared
to the Ke = 0.02 nM for JDTic at the κ
receptor and were highly selective for the κ receptor relative
to the μ and δ opioid receptors. Unexpectedly, replacement
of the 3-hydroxyl substituent of the 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl) group of
JDTic with a H, F, or Cl substituent leads to potent and selective
KOR antagonists. In vitro studies to determine various ADME properties
combined with calculated TPSA, clogP, and logBB values suggests that
the potent and selective κ opioid receptors 4, 5, 13, and 14 deserve consideration
for further development toward potential drugs for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Kormos
- Research Triangle Institute , 3040 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-6679, United States
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13
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Urbano M, Guerrero M, Rosen H, Roberts E. Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2021-32. [PMID: 24690494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The research community has increasingly focused on the development of OPRK antagonists as pharmacotherapies for the treatment of depression, anxiety, addictive disorders and other psychiatric conditions produced or exacerbated by stress. Short-acting OPRK antagonists have been recently developed as a potential improvement over long-acting prototypic ligands including nor-BNI and JDTic. Remarkably the short-acting LY2456302 is undergoing phase II clinical trials for the augmentation of the antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression. This Letter reviews relevant chemical and pharmacological advances in the identification and development of OPRK antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Urbano
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Miguel Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Edward Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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